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Why Is There No Income Gap Between the Hui Muslim Minority and the Han Majority in Rural Ningxia, China?

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  • Gustafsson, Björn Anders

    (Göteborg University)

  • Sai, Ding

    (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

Abstract

Using a household sample survey for 2006 we show that the Hui population in the rural part of Ningxia autonomous region of China is disadvantaged compared to the Han majority as regards length of education and household per capita wealth. Yet there is no gap in average disposable income between the two ethnic groups and poverty rates are very similar. This paradox is due to members of Hui households earning more income outside the farm than members of Han households. Particularly young male Hui living in poor villages have a remarkably high likelihood of migrating, thereby bringing home income to their households.

Suggested Citation

  • Gustafsson, Björn Anders & Sai, Ding, 2014. "Why Is There No Income Gap Between the Hui Muslim Minority and the Han Majority in Rural Ningxia, China?," IZA Discussion Papers 7970, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp7970
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gustafsson,Björn A. & Shi,Li & Sicular,Terry (ed.), 2008. "Inequality and Public Policy in China," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521870450.
    2. Sylvie Démurger & Haiyuan Wan, 2012. "Payments for ecological restoration and internal migration in China: the sloping land conversion program in Ningxia," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 1(1), pages 1-22, December.
    3. Lei Zhang & Qin Tu & Arthur P. J. Mol, 2008. "Payment for Environmental Services: The Sloping Land Conversion Program in Ningxia Autonomous Region of China," China & World Economy, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 16(2), pages 66-81, March.
    4. A. S. Bhalla & Dan Luo, 2013. "Minorities in China and India," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Poverty and Exclusion of Minorities in China and India, chapter 2, pages 30-62, Palgrave Macmillan.
    5. Andreas Georgiadis & Alan Manning, 2011. "Change and continuity among minority communities in Britain," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 24(2), pages 541-568, April.
    6. Hall,Gillette H. & Patrinos,Harry Anthony (ed.), 2012. "Indigenous Peoples, Poverty, and Development," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9781107020573.
    7. Margaret Maurer‐Fazio & James W. Hughes & Dandan Zhang, 2010. "A comparison and decomposition of reform‐era labor force participation rates of China's ethnic minorities and Han majority," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 31(2), pages 138-162, May.
    8. Margaret Maurer-Fazio, 2012. "Ethnic discrimination in China's internet job board labor market," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 1(1), pages 1-24, December.
    9. A. S. Bhalla & Dan Luo, 2013. "Poverty and Exclusion of Minorities in China and India," Palgrave Macmillan Books, Palgrave Macmillan, number 978-1-137-28353-5.
    10. Basant, Rakesh & Shariff, Abusaleh, 2010. "Handbook of Muslims in India: Empirical and Policy Perspectives," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198062059.
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    Blog mentions

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    1. Why Is There No Income Gap Between the Hui Muslim Minority and the Han Majority in Rural Ningxia, China?
      by maximorossi in NEP-LTV blog on 2014-03-11 18:34:19

    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Xu, Hongzhang & Pittock, Jamie & Daniell, Katherine, 2022. "‘Sustainability of what, for whom? A critical analysis of Chinese development induced displacement and resettlement (DIDR) programs," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    2. Ma, Xinxin, 2018. "Labor market segmentation by industry sectors and wage gaps between migrants and local urban residents in urban China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 96-115.
    3. Gustafsson, Björn Anders & Yang, Xiuna, 2015. "Are China's Ethnic Minorities Less Likely to Move?," IZA Discussion Papers 9018, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. Ding, Sai & Dong, Xiao-Yuan & Maurer-Fazio, Margaret, 2016. "How Do Pre-School and/or School-Age Children Affect Parents' Likelihood of Migration and Off-Farm Work in Rural China's Minority Regions?," IZA Discussion Papers 10073, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    5. Gustafsson, Björn Anders & Zhang, Yudan, 2022. "Incomplete Catching Up: Income among Manchurian, Yi and Han People in Rural China from 2002 to 2018," IZA Discussion Papers 15219, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    6. Lei Yang & Yuping Mao & Jeroen Jansz, 2019. "Understanding the Chinese Hui Ethnic Minority’s Information Seeking on Cardiovascular Diseases: A Focus Group Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-15, August.
    7. Howell, Anthony, 2017. "Impacts of Migration and Remittances on Ethnic Income Inequality in Rural China," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 200-211.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    poverty; income; Hui ethnicity; ethnic minorities; China; migration;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

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