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The Long-Run and Gender-Equalizing Impacts of School Access: Evidence from the First Indochina War

Author

Listed:
  • Hai-Anh H. Dang
  • Trung X. Hoang
  • Ha Nguyen

Abstract

Few studies exist on the long-term impacts of schooling policies in developing countries. We examine the impacts—half a century later—of a mass education program conducted by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam during the First Indochina War (1946–54). Difference-in-differences estimates suggest that school-age children who were exposed to the program obtained significantly more education than their peers who were residing in French-occupied areas. Although we cannot reject the null hypothesis of equal impacts at standard significance levels, when estimated separately, the impacts are statistically significant for school-age girls and not for school-age boys. Various robustness checks support these findings.

Suggested Citation

  • Hai-Anh H. Dang & Trung X. Hoang & Ha Nguyen, 2021. "The Long-Run and Gender-Equalizing Impacts of School Access: Evidence from the First Indochina War," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 70(1), pages 453-484.
    • Handle: RePEc:ucp:ecdecc:doi:10.1086/711319
    DOI: 10.1086/711319
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    Cited by:

    1. Nobuaki Yamashita & Trong‐Anh Trinh, 2022. "Long‐Term Effects of Vietnam War: Agent Orange and the Health of Vietnamese People After 30 Years," Asian Economic Journal, East Asian Economic Association, vol. 36(2), pages 180-202, June.
    2. Simon Bilo & Mohamed Ihsan Ajwad & Ebtesam AlAnsari & Lama AlHumaidan & Faleh AlRashidi, 2024. "Estimating Long-Term Impacts of Wartime Schooling Disruptions on Private Returns to Schooling in Kuwait," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 45(1), pages 111-152, March.
    3. Dang, Hai-Anh H. & Glewwe, Paul & Lee, Jongwook & Vu, Khoa, 2022. "The Impact Evaluation of Vietnam’s Escuela Nueva (New School) Program on Students’ Cognitive and Non-cognitive Skills," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1017, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    4. Dang, Hai-Anh H. & Hiraga, Masako & Viet Nguyen, Cuong, 2022. "Childcare and maternal employment: Evidence from Vietnam," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    5. Hoang, Trung X. & Nguyen, Ha, 2023. "Multi-generational effects of school access in a developing country: Evidence from a mass education program in Vietnam," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    6. Hoang, Trung Xuan & Nguyen, Cuong Viet, 2025. "The long-lasting effect of feudal human capital: Insights from Vietnam," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • H0 - Public Economics - - General
    • I2 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education
    • O1 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development
    • P3 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions

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