Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

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Top JEL
/ E: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics
/ / E5: Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
/ / / E58: Central Banks and Their Policies

2024

• Karl‐Friedrich Israel & Gunther Schnabl, 2024, "Alternative measures of price inflation and the perception of real income in Germany," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, volume 47, issue 2, pages 618-636, February, DOI: 10.1111/twec.13431.
• Omid Asadollah & Linda Schwartz Carmy & Md. Rezwanul Hoque & Hakan Yilmazkuday, 2024, "Geopolitical risk, supply chains, and global inflation," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, volume 47, issue 8, pages 3450-3486, August, DOI: 10.1111/twec.13585.
• Knut Are Aastveit & Jamie L. Cross & Francesco Furlanetto & Herman K. Van Dijk, 2024, "Taylor Rules with Endogenous Regimes," Working Papers, Centre for Applied Macro- and Petroleum economics (CAMP), BI Norwegian Business School, number No 04/2024, May.
• Chuanglian Chen & Xiaobin Liu & Jun Yu & Tao Zeng, 2024, "The Time-varying Zone-like and Asymmetric Preference of Central Banks: Evidence from China," Working Papers, University of Macau, Faculty of Business Administration, number 202421, Nov.
• Peter N. Ireland, 2024, "Money in the Search for a Nominal Anchor," Boston College Working Papers in Economics, Boston College Department of Economics, number 1078, Jul.
• Filippo Busetto, 2024, "Asymmetric expectations of monetary policy," Bank of England Staff Working Paper series, Bank of England, number 1058, Feb.
• Charlotte Grace, 2024, "Competing models of the Bank of England’s liquidity auctions: truthful bidding is a good approximation," Bank of England Staff Working Paper series, Bank of England, number 1061, Feb.
• Richard Harrison, 2024, "Optimal quantitative easing and tightening," Bank of England Staff Working Paper series, Bank of England, number 1063, Mar.
• Frederick van der Ploeg & Tim Willems, 2024, "Battle of the markups: conflict inflation and the aspirational channel of monetary policy transmission," Bank of England Staff Working Paper series, Bank of England, number 1065, Mar.
• Marco Bardoscia & Adrian Carro & Marc Hinterschweiger & Mauro Napoletano & Lilit Popoyan & Andrea Roventini & Arzu Uluc, 2024, "The impact of prudential regulations on the UK housing market and economy: insights from an agent-based model," Bank of England Staff Working Paper series, Bank of England, number 1066, Mar.
• Jamie Long & Paul Fisher, 2024, "Central bank profit distribution and recapitalisation," Bank of England Staff Working Paper series, Bank of England, number 1069, Apr.
• Nicolò Bandera & Jacob Stevens, 2024, "Monetary policy consequences of financial stability interventions: assessing the UK LDI crisis and the central bank policy response," Bank of England Staff Working Paper series, Bank of England, number 1070, Apr.
• Tihana Škrinjarić, 2024, "Growth-at-risk for macroprudential policy stance assessment: a survey," Bank of England Staff Working Paper series, Bank of England, number 1075, Aug.
• Kristina Bluwstein & Alba Patozi, 2024, "The effects of macroprudential policy announcements on systemic risk," Bank of England Staff Working Paper series, Bank of England, number 1080, Aug.
• Michael Kumhof & Mauricio Salgado-Moreno, 2024, "Quantitative easing and quantitative tightening: the money channel," Bank of England Staff Working Paper series, Bank of England, number 1090, Aug.
• Dario Bonciani & Riccardo M Masolo & Silvia Sarpietro, 2024, "How food prices shape inflation expectations and the monetary policy response," Bank of England Staff Working Paper series, Bank of England, number 1094, Oct.
• Michael Joyce & Andras Lengyel, 2024, "The yield curve impact of government debt issuance surprises and the implications for QT," Bank of England Staff Working Paper series, Bank of England, number 1097, Nov.
• Benjamin Hemingway, 2024, "The role of central bank digital currency in an increasingly digital economy," Bank of England Staff Working Paper series, Bank of England, number 1101, Dec.
• Georgios Mermelas & Athanasios Tagkalakis, 2024, "Monetary policy transmission: the role of banking sector characteristics in the euro area," Working Papers, Bank of Greece, number 332, Nov, DOI: 10.52903/wp2024332.
• Dimitris Anastasiou & Fotios Pasiouras & Anastasios Rizos & Artemis Stratopoulou, 2024, "Do macroprudential policies make SMEs more-or-less discouraged to apply for a bank loan?," Working Papers, Bank of Greece, number 333, Dec, DOI: 10.52903/wp2024333.
• Yossi Yakhin, 2024, "Foreign Exchange Interventions in the New-Keynesian Model: Transmission, Policy, and Welfare," Bank of Israel Working Papers, Bank of Israel, number 2024.01, Jan.
• Jonathan Benchimol, 2024, "Central Bank Objectives, Monetary Policy Rules, and Limited Information," Bank of Israel Working Papers, Bank of Israel, number 2024.04, May.
• Noritaka Fukuma & Tomiyuki Kitamura & Kohei Maehashi & Naoki Matsuda & Keita Takemura & Kota Watanabe, 2024, "The Impact of Quantitative and Qualitative Easing and Yield Curve Control on the Functioning of the Japanese Government Bond Market," Bank of Japan Working Paper Series, Bank of Japan, number 24-E-9, Aug.
• Takashi Nakazawa & Mitsuhiro Osada, 2024, "The Bank of Japan's Large-Scale Government Bond Purchases and the Formation of Long-Term Interest Rates," Bank of Japan Working Paper Series, Bank of Japan, number 24-E-10, Sep.
• Atsuki Hirata & Sohei Kaihatsu & Yoshiyasu Kasai & Hiroki Yamamoto & Jouchi Nakajima, 2024, "Effects and Side Effects of Unconventional Monetary Policy: A Shadow Rate Approach," Bank of Japan Working Paper Series, Bank of Japan, number 24-E-21, Dec.
• Atsuki Hirata & Yuichiro Ito & Yoshiyasu Kasai, 2024, "Impact of the Fund-Provisioning Measure to Stimulate Bank Lending in Japan," Bank of Japan Working Paper Series, Bank of Japan, number 24-E-24, Dec.
• Christian Bittner & Alexander Rodnyansky & Farzad Saidi & Yannick Timmer, 2024, "Mixing QE and Interest Rate Policies at the Effective Lower Bound: Micro Evidence from the Euro Area," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany, number crctr224_2024_552, May.
• Lukas Hack & Klodiana Istrefi & Matthias Meier, 2024, "The Systematic Origins of Monetary Policy Shocks," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany, number crctr224_2024_557, Jun.
• Rustam Jamilov & Tobias König & Karsten Müller & Farzad Saidi, 2024, "Two Centuries of Systemic Bank Runs," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany, number crctr224_2024_589, Aug.
• Lukas Hack & Davud Rostam-Afschar, 2024, "Understanding Firm Dynamics with Daily Data," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany, number crctr224_2024_593, Sep.
• Huibers Fred, 2024, "Distributed Ledger Technology and the Future of Money and Banking: Banking is Necessary, Banks Are Not. Bill Gates 1994," Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium, De Gruyter, volume 14, issue 2, pages 213-249, May, DOI: 10.1515/ael-2019-0095.
• Iwańczuk-Kaliska Anna, 2024, "Potential Implications of Retail Central Bank Digital Currency for Banking Systems Identified in the Literature and by Central Banks," Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium, De Gruyter, volume 14, issue 2, pages 271-303, May, DOI: 10.1515/ael-2022-0005.
• Goodhart Charles & Lastra Rosa, 2024, "The Changing and Growing Roles of Independent Central Banks Now Do Require a Reconsideration of Their Mandate," Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium, De Gruyter, volume 14, issue 4, pages 457-472, DOI: 10.1515/ael-2022-0097.
• Thiemann Matthias, 2024, "Is Asking Questions Free of Charge? Questioning the Value of Independent Central Banks through the Lens of a European Credit Council," Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium, De Gruyter, volume 14, issue 4, pages 473-484, DOI: 10.1515/ael-2022-0108.
• Coombs Nathan, 2024, "The Democratic Dangers of Central Bank Planning," Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium, De Gruyter, volume 14, issue 4, pages 485-503, DOI: 10.1515/ael-2022-0063.
• Feldmann John Davis, 2024, "The Credit Council in the US Context," Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium, De Gruyter, volume 14, issue 4, pages 563-610, DOI: 10.1515/ael-2023-0134.
• Kiarsi Mehrab, 2024, "Optimal Monetary Policy with Government-Provided Unemployment Benefits," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, volume 24, issue 1, pages 207-248, January, DOI: 10.1515/bejm-2022-0114.
• Soosalu Matt, 2024, "Monetary Policy Transmission in Canada – A High Frequency Identification Approach," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, volume 24, issue 2, pages 781-811, DOI: 10.1515/bejm-2023-0212.
• Borraz Fernando & Orlik Anna & Zacheo Laura, 2024, "Inflation Uncertainty from Firms’ Perspective, Overconfidence and Credibility of Monetary Policy," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, volume 24, issue 2, pages 853-882, DOI: 10.1515/bejm-2023-0161.
• Ida Daisuke & Okano Mitsuhiro, 2024, "Does Nominal Wage Stickiness Affect Fiscal Multiplier in a Two-Agent New Keynesian Model?," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, volume 24, issue 2, pages 883-928, DOI: 10.1515/bejm-2023-0213.
• Mayer Thomas, 2024, "A Latticework of Inflation Models," The Economists' Voice, De Gruyter, volume 21, issue 1, pages 7-28, DOI: 10.1515/ev-2024-0028.
• Scott C. Patrick, 2024, "Commitment Issues: Does the Fed Have an Inflation Incentive to Commit?," Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, De Gruyter, volume 28, issue 5, pages 767-784, DOI: 10.1515/snde-2022-0034.
• Ignazio Visco, 2024, "La désinflation en Italie de 1980 à 1997," Revue d'économie financière, Association d'économie financière, volume 0, issue 1, pages 69-81.
• Sebastian Dullien & Silke Tober, 2024, "Plafonnement des prix de l'énergie et allégement fiscal : la politique anti-inflationniste de l'Allemagne à la suite des chocs des termes de l'échange en 2022," Revue d'économie financière, Association d'économie financière, volume 0, issue 1, pages 119-132.
• Claudio Borio & Boris Hofmann & Egon Zakrajšek, 2024, "La croissance monétaire et la poussée inflationniste post-pandémie," Revue d'économie financière, Association d'économie financière, volume 0, issue 1, pages 179-191.
• Pierre Jaillet & Jean-Paul Pollin, 2024, "Le ciblage de l'inflation en univers incertain," Revue d'économie financière, Association d'économie financière, volume 0, issue 1, pages 233-247.
• Xavier Ragot, 2024, "Inflation et politique budgétaire : à la recherche d'un nouveau paradigme," Revue d'économie financière, Association d'économie financière, volume 0, issue 1, pages 265-277.
• Jean-Bernard Chatelain & Kirsten Ralf, 2024, "Wealth in the Quadratic Loss Function of the Ramsey Malinvaud Cass Koopmans Model of Optimal Savings," Revue d'économie politique, Dalloz, volume 134, issue 3, pages 371-390.
• Bilbiie, F. O., 2024, "Monetary Policy and Heterogeneity: An Analytical Framework," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge, number 2432, Jun.
• Bhattacharjee, A. & Holly, S. & Wasseja, M., 2024, "Network Structures and Heterogeneity in Policy Preferences at the FOMC," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge, number 2469, Dec.
• Peterson K. Ozili & Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso, 2024, "Central Bank Digital Currency Adoption Challenges, Solutions, and a Sentiment Analysis," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 13, issue 1, pages 133-165.
• Nikola Fabris, 2024, "Monetary Policy Between Stability and Growth," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 13, issue 1, pages 27-42.
• Damià Rey Miró & Pedro Piffaut & Ricardo Palomo Zurdo, 2024, "Do Financial Markets Allow the Independence of Central Banks?," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 13, issue 1, pages 5-26.
• Sky Guo & Joseph Kreitem & Thomas Moser, 2024, "DLT Options for CBDC," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 13, issue 1, pages 57-88.
• Bengü Tosun & Selim Başar, 2024, "Financial Fragility in Developing Countries: An Analysis in the Context of Monetary Policy and Central Bank Independence," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 13, issue 1, pages 89-116.
• Vera Gojčaj, 2024, "Analysis of the Transparency Index of the Central Banks of the Western Balkan Countries," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 13, issue 2, pages 109-128.
• Khalil Ullah Mohammad & Mohsin Raza Khan, 2024, "Liquid Asset Holdings and Banking Profitability: Evidence from South Asia," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 13, issue 2, pages 129-152.
• Marcin Pietrzak, 2024, "Non-Ricardian Borrowers and Mortgage Type: Implications for Monetary Policy Leaning against the Wind," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 13, issue 2, pages 153-185.
• Ritesh Patel & Anand Kumar Mishra & Muhammad Zubair Chishti & Tejas M. Modi, 2024, "Relationship Between Internet Banking Service Quality, e-Customer Satisfaction, and Loyalty: A Comparative Study of India and Pakistan," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 13, issue 2, pages 213-228.
• Natalia Koshel & John Thanassoulis, 2024, "The Green Central Bank Index," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 13, issue 2, pages 5-39.
• Imad A. Moosa & Khalid Al-Saad & Ibrahim N. Khatatbeh, 2024, "The Quantity Theory of Money, Quantitative Easing and the Missing Inflation Phenomenon," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 13, issue 2, pages 71-88.
• Serhii Savluk & Olena Breheda, 2024, "Deposit Channel of Monetary Policy in European Countries," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 13, issue 3, pages 141-166.
• Ayoub Rabhi, 2024, "To What Extent Does Central Bank Independence Alleviate Poverty in Developing Countries?," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 13, issue 3, pages 167-189.
• Durmuş Çağrı Yıldırım & Ömer Esen & Uğur Çınar, 2024, "Does an Independent Central Bank Smooth Exchange Rate Volatility? Evidence from Time-Varying Panel Causality Analysis," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 13, issue 3, pages 219-244.
• Ceyhun Elgin & Oğuz Öztunalı, 2024, "Central Bank Independence and Inflation Under Asymmetric Information: Delegation vs. Seesaw Effects," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 13, issue 3, pages 245-270.
• Saeed Sazzad Jeris & Omar Bari Md. Ibrahim & Ferdous Ahmed Chowdhury & Humaira Begum, 2024, "Transparency in Central Bank and Credit Expansion: Empirical Evidence from Asian Countries," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 13, issue 3, pages 271-289.
• Milena Vučinić & Radoica Luburić, 2024, "Artificial Intelligence, Fintech and Challenges to Central Banks," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 13, issue 3, pages 5-42.
• André Arnaud Enguene, 2024, "Minimum Capital Requirements for Banks and the Financing of the Economies of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 13, issue 3, pages 71-107.
• Changhyun Lee, 2024, "The outside option channel of central bank asset purchase programs: A tale of two crises," Working Papers, University of California, Davis, Department of Economics, number 363, Jun.
• Emilio Ocampo & Nicolás Cachanosky, 2024, "Dollarization and default risk: a brief note," CEMA Working Papers: Serie Documentos de Trabajo., Universidad del CEMA, number 871, Jun.
• Xiwen Bai & Jesús Fernández-Villaverde & Yiliang Li & Francesco Zanetti, 2024, "The Causal Effects of Global Supply Chain Disruptions on Macroeconomic Outcomes: Evidence and Theory," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10930.
• Patrick Hirsch & Lars P. Feld & Ekkehard A. Köhler & Tobias Thomas, 2024, "“Whatever It Takes!” How Tonality of TV-News Affected Government Bond Yield Spreads during the European Debt Crisis," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10980.
• Paul De Grauwe & Yuemei Ji, 2024, "Monetary Policy and Radical Uncertainty," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 11068.
• Mariano Kulish & James Morley & Nadine Yamout & Francesco Zanetti, 2024, "Unemployment in a Commodity-Rich Economy: How Relevant Is Dutch Disease?," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 11092.
• António Afonso & Jorge Braga Ferreira, 2024, "Bank’s Risk-Taking Channel of Monetary Policy and TLTRO: Evidence from the Eurozone," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 11116.
• Raphael Auer & Mathieu Pedemonte & Raphael Schoenle & Raphael A. Auer, 2024, "Sixty Years of Global Inflation: A Post-GFC Update," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 11148.
• António Afonso & Francisco Gomes-Pereira, 2024, "Does Monetary Policy Influence Euro Area Fiscal Sustainability?," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 11266.
• Moritz Pfeifer & Gunther Schnabl, 2024, "Monetary Policy, Divergence, and the Euro," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 11442.
• Galo Nuño & Philipp Renner & Simon Scheidegger, 2024, "Monetary Policy with Persistent Supply Shocks," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 11463.
• David L. Kelly & Christopher Paik, 2024, "Sustainable Banking and Credit Market Segmentation," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 11522.
• Xiwen Bai & Jesús Fernández-Villaverde & Yiliang Li & Francesco Zanetti, 2024, "The Causal Effects of Global Supply Chain Disruptions on Macroeconomic Outcomes: Evidence and Theory," Discussion Papers, Centre for Macroeconomics (CFM), number 2405, Jan.
• Cristiano Cantore & Edoardo Leonardi, 2024, "Monetary-Fiscal Interaction and the Liquidity of Government Debt," Discussion Papers, Centre for Macroeconomics (CFM), number 2406, Jan.
• Mariano Kulish & James Morley & Nadine Yamout & Francesco Zanetti, 2024, "Unemployment in a Commodity-Rich Economy: How Relevant Is Dutch Disease?," Discussion Papers, Centre for Macroeconomics (CFM), number 2420, Apr.
• Rustam Jamilov & Tobias Konig & Karsten Muller & Farzad Saidi, 2024, "Two Centuries of Systemic Bank Runs," Discussion Papers, Centre for Macroeconomics (CFM), number 2435, Aug.
• Carolina Celis & Arturo Galindo & Liliana Rojas-Suarez, 2024, "Stylized Facts on the Quality of Banking Regulation in Latin America and the Caribbean," Working Papers, Center for Global Development, number 705, Oct.
• Marco Bardoscia & Adrian Carro & Marc Hinterschweiger & Mauro Napoletano & Lilit Popoyan & Andrea Roventini & Arzu Uluc, 2024, "The impact of prudential regulations on the UK housing market and economy: Insights from an agent-based model," Working Papers, Queen Mary, University of London, School of Business and Management, Centre for Globalisation Research, number 118, May.
• Alona Shmygel & Steven Ongena, 2024, "Cyclical systemic risk and banks’ vulnerability," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series, Swiss Finance Institute, number 24-09, Jan.
• Martin Brown & Daniel Hoechle & Alejandra Perez & Markus Schmid, 2024, "How do Retail Investors Adapt to Exchange Rate Shocks?," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series, Swiss Finance Institute, number 24-108, Dec.
• Kjell G. Nyborg & Jiri Woschitz, 2024, "The Price of Money: The Reserves Convertibility Premium over the Term Structure," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series, Swiss Finance Institute, number 24-17, Feb.
• Kjell G. Nyborg, 2024, "The Collateral Spread Puzzle: Why Do Repo Rates Often Exceed Unsecured Rates?," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series, Swiss Finance Institute, number 24-37, Jul.
• Fatih Altunok & Yavuz Arslan & Steven Ongena, 2024, "Monetary Policy Transmission with Adjustable and Fixed-Rate Mortgages: The Role of Credit Supply," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series, Swiss Finance Institute, number 24-65, Nov.
• Andryushin, S., 2024, "Interest rate policy of the Bank of Russia in conditions of fiscally-dominant regime: Risks and prospects," Journal of the New Economic Association, New Economic Association, volume 62, issue 1, pages 211-219, DOI: 10.31737/22212264_2024_1_211-219.
• Dobronravova, E. & Trunin, P., 2024, "International monetary policy transmission in EAEU countries," Journal of the New Economic Association, New Economic Association, volume 62, issue 1, pages 219-228, DOI: 10.31737/22212264_2024_1_219-228.
• Shibanov, O., 2024, "Lessons for the central banks: Inflation in 2021-2023," Journal of the New Economic Association, New Economic Association, volume 62, issue 1, pages 240-245, DOI: 10.31737/22212264_2024_1_240-245.
• Meshcheryakov, A. & Sukhomlinov, A., 2024, "Considerations regarding inflation target levels," Journal of the New Economic Association, New Economic Association, volume 62, issue 1, pages 246-254, DOI: 10.31737/22212264_2024_1_246-254.
• Dzhagityan, E. & Alekseeva, M., 2024, "The effect of macroprudential policy on risks of U.S. bank holding companies," Journal of the New Economic Association, New Economic Association, volume 63, issue 2, pages 168-191, DOI: 10.31737/22212264_2024_2_168-191.
• Daniyal Khan, 2024, "Implications of a Post Keynesian reframing of the Pakistani monetary system," Working Papers, New School for Social Research, Department of Economics, number 2411, Jul.
• Michael Bleaney, 2024, "Did the Bank of England's quantitative easing programme become fiscally wasteful?," Discussion Papers, University of Nottingham, Centre for Finance, Credit and Macroeconomics (CFCM), number 2024/01.
• Tim Young, 2024, "Box B: Should the Bank of England Adopt Unremunerated Reserve Requirements?," National Institute UK Economic Outlook, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, issue 15, pages 39-42.
• Paula Bejarano Carbo, 2024, "The Nature of the Inflationary Surprise in Europe and the USA," National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR) Discussion Papers, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, number 554, Mar.
• E Philip Davis & Dilruba Karim & Dennison Noel, 2024, "The Determination of Bank Interest Rate Margins – Is There a Role for Macroprudential Policy?," National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR) Discussion Papers, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, number 560, Nov.
• E Philip Davis & Dilruba Karim & Dennison Noel, 2024, "Noninterest Income, Macroprudential Policy and Bank Performance," National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR) Discussion Papers, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, number 561, Nov.
• Pavel Tabakov, 2024, "Recent Aspects of Non-Performing Loans," Nauchni trudove, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 3, pages 193-223, August, DOI: 10.37075/RP.2024.3.13.
• Petko Pishinov, 2024, "An Analysis of ECB Monetary Policy and Stock Price Movements," Nauchni trudove, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 4, pages 169-178, October, DOI: 10.37075/RP.2024.4.12.
• Nora Stoyanova, 2024, "Bad Loans During the Period 2019 – 2021 in Bulgaria – Dynamics and Trends," Nauchni trudove, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 5, pages 97-105, December, DOI: 10.37075/RP.2024.5.07.
• Thomas Chalaux & Dave Turner, 2024, "Doombot versus other machine-learning methods for evaluating recession risks in OECD countries," OECD Economics Department Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 1821, Sep, DOI: 10.1787/1a8c0a92-en.
• Riccardo Boffo & Hugh Miller & Gabriel Santos Carneiro & Gürcan Zeren Gülersoy, 2024, "Assessing nature-related risks in the Hungarian financial system: Charting the impact of nature's financial echo," OECD Environment Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 243, Jun, DOI: 10.1787/24fd70e3-en.
• Robert Ferstl & Bernhard Graf & Claudia Kwapil, 2024, "The pass-through of policy interest rates to bank retail rates in Austria," Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q4/23, pages 41-59.
• Ingrid Ettl & Anita Roitner, 2024, "25 years of the OeNB in the Eurosystem – tracing the evolution of Governing Council governance," Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q4/23, pages 79-92.
• Robert Ferstl & Philip Schuster & Michael Sigmund & Maria Teresa Valderrama & Johannes Wächtler, 2024, "Take it and leave it: Banks’ balance sheet optimization and targeted longer-term refinancing operations (Michael Sigmund, Johannes Wächtler, Philip Schuster, Robert Ferstl, Maria Teresa Valderrama)," Working Papers, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), number 257, Aug.
• Adrian NEGREA & Adriana GIURGIU & Ciprian Beniamin BENEA, 2024, "The Monetary Policy And Its Impact On Consumption And Trade In Romania," Annals of Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, volume 33, issue 1, pages 425-433, July.
• Mamdouh Abdelkader & Lilia Karnizova, 2024, "Exploring the Environmental Impact of Monetary Policy," Working Papers, University of Ottawa, Department of Economics, number 2406E.
• Hamed Ghiaie, 2024, "Housing, the credit market, and unconventional monetary policies: from the sovereign crisis to the great lockdown," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, volume 76, issue 2, pages 330-350.
• Michael D Bauer & Carolin E Pflueger & Adi Sunderam, 2024, "Perceptions About Monetary Policy," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, volume 139, issue 4, pages 2227-2278.
• Matteo Aquilina & Jon Frost & Andreas Schrimpf, 2024, "Decentralized Finance (DeFi): A Functional Approach," Journal of Financial Regulation, Oxford University Press, volume 10, issue 1, pages 1-27.
• Nuno Coimbra & Hélène Rey, 2024, "Financial Cycles with Heterogeneous Intermediaries," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, volume 91, issue 2, pages 817-857.
• Andrea Ferrero & Richard Harrison & Benjamin Nelson, 2024, "House Price Dynamics, Optimal LTV Limits and the Liquidity Trap," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, volume 91, issue 2, pages 940-971.
• Gauti B Eggertsson & Ragnar E Juelsrud & Lawrence H Summers & Ella Getz, 2024, "Negative Nominal Interest Rates and the Bank Lending Channel," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, volume 91, issue 4, pages 2201-2275.
• Stuart Gabriel & Chandler Lutz, 2024, "The Impact of Crisis-Period Interest Rate Declines on Distressed Borrowers," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, volume 37, issue 12, pages 3710-3760.
• Martina Jasova & Luc Laeven & Caterina Mendicino & José-Luis Peydró & Dominik Supera, 2024, "Systemic Risk and Monetary Policy: The Haircut Gap Channel of the Lender of Last Resort," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, volume 37, issue 7, pages 2191-2243.
• Mariana-Luminita Linta (Coman), 2024, "Analyzing the Social Protection and Assistance Expenditure in the Welfare State in Romania," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 2, pages 559-566, December.
• Rustam Jamilov & Tobias König & Karsten Müller & Farzad Saidi, 2024, "Two Centuries of Systemic Bank Runs," Economics Series Working Papers, University of Oxford, Department of Economics, number 1039, Mar.
• Mariano Kulish & James Morley & Nadine Yamout & Francesco Zanetti, 2024, "Unemployment in a Commodity-Rich Economy: How Relevant Is Dutch Disease," Economics Series Working Papers, University of Oxford, Department of Economics, number 1045, Apr.
• Elizabeth Baldwin & Paul Klemperer & Edwin Lock, 2024, "Implementing Walrasian Equilibrium: The Languages of Product-Mix Auctions," Economics Series Working Papers, University of Oxford, Department of Economics, number 1060, Dec.
• Michael D. Bordo & Pierre L. Siklos, 2024, "The Importance of Sound Monetary Policy: Some Lessons for Today from Canada’s Experience with Floating Exchange Rates Since 1950," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, volume 66, issue 3, pages 415-453, September, DOI: 10.1057/s41294-024-00232-2.
• Øyvind Eitrheim & Jan Fredrik Qvigstad, 2024, "Norway’s Road to Inflation Targeting: Overcoming the Fear of Floating," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, volume 66, issue 3, pages 482-534, September, DOI: 10.1057/s41294-024-00241-1.
• Alexander Rathke & Tobias Straumann, 2024, "Made in Frankfurt? The Monetary Policy of the Swiss National Bank Since 1973," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, volume 66, issue 3, pages 591-619, September, DOI: 10.1057/s41294-024-00242-0.
• Emma Bylund & Jens Iversen & Anders Vredin, 2024, "Monetary Policy in Sweden After the End of Bretton Woods," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, volume 66, issue 3, pages 535-590, September, DOI: 10.1057/s41294-024-00243-z.
• Alexander Rathke & Tobias Straumann & Jan-Egbert Sturm, 2024, "Editorial for the Special Issue of Comparative Economic Studies: 50 Years After the End of Bretton Woods—The Experiences of Small Open Economies," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, volume 66, issue 3, pages 389-393, September, DOI: 10.1057/s41294-024-00244-y.
• Simon Lloyd & Ed Manuel & Konstantin Panchev, 2024, "Foreign Vulnerabilities, Domestic Risks: The Global Drivers of GDP-at-Risk," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, volume 72, issue 1, pages 335-392, March, DOI: 10.1057/s41308-023-00199-7.
• Michele Andreolli & Hélène Rey, 2024, "Fiscal Consequences of Missing an Inflation Target," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, volume 72, issue 2, pages 701-772, June, DOI: 10.1057/s41308-024-00239-w.
• Gautam Nair & Federico Sturzenegger, 2024, "Great Dilution: The Global Impact of the US Inflation Shock on Sovereign Debt," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, volume 72, issue 3, pages 1238-1277, September, DOI: 10.1057/s41308-023-00220-z.
• Eric T. Swanson, 2024, "The Macroeconomic Effects of the Federal Reserve’s Conventional and Unconventional Monetary Policies," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, volume 72, issue 3, pages 1152-1184, September, DOI: 10.1057/s41308-024-00250-1.
• Ka Kei Chan & E. Philip Davis & Dilruba Karim, 2024, "Macroprudential policy, bank competition and bank risk in East Asia," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, volume 25, issue 3, pages 326-358, September, DOI: 10.1057/s41261-023-00230-x.
• Anna Dobrzańska & Paweł Smaga, 2024, "Assessment of macroprudential strategy documents: Are they ready for the challenges ahead?," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, volume 25, issue 4, pages 437-450, December, DOI: 10.1057/s41261-024-00239-w.
• Xiwen Bai & Jesús Fernández-Villaverde & Yiliang Li & Francesco Zanetti, 2024, "The Causal Effects of Global Supply Chain Disruptions on Macroeconomic Outcomes: Evidence and Theory," PIER Working Paper Archive, Penn Institute for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania, number 24-001, 01.
• Rodolfo G. Campos & Jesus Fernandez-Villaverde & Galo Nuno & Peter Paz, 2024, "Navigating by Falling Stars:Monetary Policy with Fiscally Driven Natural Rates," PIER Working Paper Archive, Penn Institute for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania, number 24-007, Aug.
• Varga, József & Sipiczki, Zoltán, 2024, "The inflation situation in Hungary : Response to Katalin Botos „Inflation and our finances” and István Ábel – Gergely Bognár – Máté Lóga – Attila István Szabó „Changes in the explanation of inflation”," Public Finance Quarterly, Corvinus University of Budapest, volume 70, issue 3, pages 87-100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.35551/PFQ_2024_3.
• Eloisa T. Glindro & Rodalee E. Ofiaza & Ma. Klarizza Q. Jose, 2024, "Nexus between payments digitalization and cash usage in the Philippines," Philippine Review of Economics, University of the Philippines School of Economics and Philippine Economic Society, volume 61, issue 1, pages 44-70, June.
• Blampied, Nicolas & Cafferata, Alessia & Tibiletti, Luisa & Uberti, Mariacristina, 2024, "Optimal Monetary Policy and Taylor Rule Extensions," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 119923, Jan.
• Beckmann, Joscha & Czudaj, Robert L., 2024, "Uncertainty Shocks and Inflation: The Role of Credibility and Expectation Anchoring," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 119971.
• Andrei, Liviu Catalin & Andrei, Dalina Maria, 2024, "Dimension fiscale de l’intégration économique : Peut l’Union Européenne s’ajouter l’union fiscale à l’union monétaire ?
  [The fiscal aspects of Economic Integration: might the EU become a Fiscal Union?]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 120111, Feb, revised 09 Feb 2023.
• Ozili, Peterson K, 2024, "Artificial intelligence in central banking: benefits and risks of AI for central banks," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 120151.
• Sayag, Doron & Snir, Avichai & Levy, Daniel, 2024, "Small Price Changes, Sales Volume, and Menu Cost," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 120419, Feb.
• Ida, Daisuke & Kaminoyama, Kenichi, 2024, "Effect of a cost channel on monetary policy transmission in a behavioral New Keynesian model," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 120424, Mar.
• Olkamo, Degefe Anulo, 2024, "Exploring the Linkages between Financial Development, Savings, and Economic Growth in Ethiopia: Empirical Evidence Based Analysis," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 120430, Mar, revised 13 Mar 2024.
• Ojo, Marianne, 2024, "Inflationary impacts since the Global Pandemic Crisis: the potential of forecasting techniques and technologies," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 120515, Mar.
• R, Pazhanisamy, 2024, "The Entry of BRICS Currency and Exit of Dollar: Evidence from International Trade Theories and Policy Implications," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 120538, Jan, revised 23 Mar 2024.
• Kopiec, Paweł, 2024, "Monetary-Fiscal Forward Guidance," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 120563, Mar.
• Ida, Daisuke, 2024, "The neo-Fisherian effect in a new Keynesian model with real money balances," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 120575, Mar.
• Ozili, Peterson K, 2024, "Thinking Fast and Slow about Central Bank Digital Currencies," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 120774.
• Ozili, Peterson K, 2024, "Nigeria cNGN stablecoin: everything you need to know about cNGN and eNaira CBDC," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 120801.
• Li, Boyao, 2024, "A balance sheet analysis of monetary policy effects on banks," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 120882, Apr.
• Moloche, Guillermo, 2024, "Inflation and Seigniorage-Financed Fiscal Deficits: The Case of Mexico," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 120925, May.
• Ozili, Peterson K, 2024, "Central bank digital currency: what it can achieve and cannot achieve in Africa," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 120966.
• Ida, Daisuke & Okano, Mitsuhiro & Hoshino, Satoshi, 2024, "A note on stock price dynamics and monetary policy in a small open economy," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 121050, May.
• Agboton, Damien J., 2024, "Relation inflation-croissance dans l’Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest-Africaine (UEMOA) : Recherche d’une nouvelle preuve de causalité
  [Infation-growth relationship in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU): Search for new proof o," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 121086, May, revised 27 May 2024.
• Agboton, J. Damien, 2024, "Essaie sur la prévision du taux d’intérêt directeur optimal dans la zone UEMOA : une approche par l’équation de John Brian TAYLOR (1993)
  [Essay on forecasting the optimal key interest rate in the WAEMU zone: an approach using the equation of John ," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 121341, Jun.
• Forte, Antonio, 2024, "Monetary policy transmission in a high inflation environment: a view from the past," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 121396, May.
• Ozili, Peterson K, 2024, "Central bank digital currency, economic growth and inflation," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 121524.
• Ozili, Peterson K & Oladipo, Oladije, 2024, "Impact of credit expansion and contraction on unemployment," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 121525.
• Ozili, Peterson K, 2024, "Artificial intelligence and central bank digital currency," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 121567.
• Nikam, Supriya, 2024, "Assessing the Relationship between Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) and Profitability of Banks in India," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 121624, Aug.
• Ceesay, Habib & Limbe, Medad, 2024, "The Impact of Remittances on the Exchange Rate: Empirical Analysis of The Gambia," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 121774, Aug.
• Lavrič, Mitja & Lenarčič, Črt, 2024, "Why is the LSTI ratio increasing? Explaining factors of synthetic LSTI dynamics," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 122036, Aug.
• HA, JONGRIM & Kim, Dohan & Kose, Ayhan M., 2024, "Resolving Puzzles of Monetary Policy Transmission in Emerging Markets," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 122624, Nov.
• Kekaye, Tsholofelo & Bonga-Bonga, Lumengo, 2024, "Monetary policy regime and survival of price shocks in inflation targeting regime: does the level of countries‘ development matter?," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 122745, Nov.
• Yakhin, Yossi, 2024, "Foreign Exchange Interventions in the New-Keynesian Model: Policy, Transmission, and Welfare," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 122948, Dec.
• Rosso, Biagio & Gatto, Matteo, 2024, "Dynamics and Optimal Monetary-Fiscal Policy in Fiscally Dominant Economies with Occasionally Inflexible Monetary Authorities," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 125094, Sep, revised Jun 2025.
• Ahmed, Mhammad Ashfaq & Nawaz, Nasreen, 2024, "Dynamics of Money Market and Monetary Policy," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 128663, Apr.
• Petr Makovský & Irena Descubes & František Høebík, 2024, "Post-Pandemic Inflation Dynamics: a Comparative Study of the Fiscal Theory in the Czech Republic and France," ACTA VSFS, University of Finance and Administration, volume 18, issue 2, pages 101-126.
• Michael D. Bordo & William Roberds, 2024, "Central Bank Digital Currencies: An Old Tale with a New Chapter," Working Papers, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Center for Economic Policy Studies., number 323, May.
• Florentina Cristina Baldan & Marinela Barbulescu & Alina Hagiu, 2024, "Analysis Of The Effect Of Monetary Policies On Post-Pandemic Global Inflation," Scientific Bulletin - Economic Sciences, University of Pitesti, volume 23, issue 3, pages 45-52.
• Wildmer Daniel Gregori & Ângelo Ramos, 2024, "Time-varying effects of monetary and macroprudential policies: does high inflation matter?," Working Papers, Banco de Portugal, Economics and Research Department, number w202401.
• Pedro Teles & Oreste Tristani, 2024, "The Monetary Financing of a Large Fiscal Shock," Working Papers, Banco de Portugal, Economics and Research Department, number w202403.
• Christopher Erceg & Marcin Kolasa & Jesper Lindé & Haroon Mumtaz & Pawel Zabczyk, 2024, "Central Bank Exit Strategies: Domestic Transmission and International Spillovers," Working Papers, Queen Mary University of London, School of Economics and Finance, number 978, Apr.
• Michael Ehrmann, 2024, "Trust in Central Banks," RBA Annual Conference Papers, Reserve Bank of Australia, number acp2024-04, Oct, revised May 2025.
• Chris Becker & Anny Francis & Calebe de Roure & Brendan Wilson, 2024, "Demand in the Repo Market: Indirect Perspectives from Open Market Operations from 2006 to 2020," RBA Research Discussion Papers, Reserve Bank of Australia, number rdp2024-03, May, DOI: 10.47688/rdp2024-03.
• Monique Reid & Pierre Siklos, 2024, "Firm level expectations and macroeconomic conditions underpinnings and disagreement," Working Papers, South African Reserve Bank, number 11058, Mar.
• Yves Schueler, 2024, "Code and data files for "Filtering economic time series: On the cyclical properties of Hamilton’s regression filter and the Hodrick-Prescott filter"," Computer Codes, Review of Economic Dynamics, number 23-94, revised .
• Yves Schueler, 2024, "Filtering economic time series: On the cyclical properties of Hamilton’s regression filter and the Hodrick-Prescott filter," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, volume 54, October, DOI: 10.1016/j.red.2024.101237.
• Jean-Marie Le Page, 2024, "Pure Theories of Policy Mix : Nordhaus's Destructive Game and the Case of High Inflation," Review of Economic Analysis, Digital Initiatives at the University of Waterloo Library, volume 16, issue 1, pages 1-18, March, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15353/rea.v16i1..
• Linas Jurksas & Rokas Kaminskas & Modestas Stukas, 2024, "ECB Communication: What Is It Telling Us?," Review of Economic Analysis, Digital Initiatives at the University of Waterloo Library, volume 16, issue 2, pages 243-285, August, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15353/rea.v16i2..
• Villamizar-Villegas, Mauricio & Taboada-Arango, Bibiana, 2024, "Mitos y realidades de la política monetaria," Books, Red Investigadores de Economía, number 2024-11, ISBN: ARRAY(0x85d9bca0), June.
• Joshua Aizenman & Donghyun Park & Irfan Qureshi & Jamel Saadaoui & Gazi Salah Uddin, 2024, "The Performance of Emerging Markets During the Fed’s Easing and Tightening Cycles: A Resilience Analysis Across Economies," ADB Economics Working Paper Series, Asian Development Bank, number 735, Aug.
• Viacheslav Kramkov & Andrey Maksimov, 2024, "Monetary surprises and term structure of interest rates: Identification through heteroscedasticity," Applied Econometrics, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), volume 74, pages 5-34.
• Linah Shimi & Abdessamad Saidi & Franz Seitz, 2024, "Estimation du cash non-transactionnel au Maroc," Document de travail, Bank Al-Maghrib, Département de la Recherche, number 2023-4, Jul.
• Juan Carlos Moreno Brid & Carlo Panico & Martìn Puchet Anyul, 2024, "Latin American Economies : Complex Past and Challenging Future (Part I) - Introduction," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, volume 77, issue 1, pages 1-4.
• Esteban Pérez Caldentey & Matías Vernengo, 2024, "A Financially Driven Business Cycle for Latin America and the Caribbean," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, volume 77, issue 1, pages 5-36.
• José Rafael Pineda Albarrán, 2024, "Accumulation of International Reserves in Latin America: The Mexican Case," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, volume 77, issue 1, pages 63-90.
• Juhana Hukkinen & Matti Viren, 2024, "Was Globalization the Root Cause of Low Inflation?," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, volume 77, issue 3, pages 337-370.
• John Thornton, 2024, "Seigniorage Revenues in the United Kingdom," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, volume 77, issue 4, pages 483-494.
• Dinabandhu Sethi & Debashis Acharya & U jjwal S harma, 2024, "Does Central Bank Transparency Matter for Inflation: Role of Inflation Targeting," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, volume 39, issue 3, pages 646-670.
• David Vega Navarro & Elvis Moisés Jaime Tito, 2024, "Estimating the Propensity for Authoritarian Governments and Developing Economies to Engage into De-dollarization and Reserve Currency Diversification Initiatives," Revista Latinoamericana de Desarrollo Economico, Carrera de Economía de la Universidad Católica Boliviana (UCB), issue 41, pages 103-145.
• Ariel Dvoskin & Emiliano Libman, 2024, "On the Separation between Prices and Quantities. A Note on the Interest Rate as an Artifact of Self-Validating Beliefs," Centro Sraffa Working Papers, Centro di Ricerche e Documentazione 'Piero Sraffa', number CSWP68, Sep.
• Vaishali Garga & Aeimit Lakdawala & Rajeswari Sengupta, 2024, "Assessing Central Bank Commitment to Inflation Targeting in Emerging Economies: Evidence From India," Working Papers, Wake Forest University, Economics Department, number 107, Mar.