Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

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Top JEL
/ E: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics
/ / E5: Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
/ / / E58: Central Banks and Their Policies

2021

• János Müller & Ádám Kerényi, 2021, "Searching for a Way Out of the Labyrinth of Digital Financial Innovations - The Trap of Regulatory Challenges in the Digital Financial System," Financial and Economic Review, Magyar Nemzeti Bank (Central Bank of Hungary), volume 20, issue 1, pages 103-126.
• Gábor József Harkácsi & László Péter Szegfû, 2021, "The Role of the Compliance Function in the Financial Sector in the Age of Digitalisation, Artificial Intelligence and Robotisation," Financial and Economic Review, Magyar Nemzeti Bank (Central Bank of Hungary), volume 20, issue 1, pages 152-170.
• Áron Drabancz & Gabriella Grosz & Alexandr Palicz & Balázs Varga, 2021, "Experiences with the Introduction of a Payment Moratorium in Hungary," Financial and Economic Review, Magyar Nemzeti Bank (Central Bank of Hungary), volume 20, issue 1, pages 5-42.
• Beata Kocsis & Laszlo Seregdi, 2021, "Expected Impact of the Introduction of the Leverage Ratio at the Hungarian and EU Level," Financial and Economic Review, Magyar Nemzeti Bank (Central Bank of Hungary), volume 20, issue 2, pages 5-32.
• Peter Gottfried, 2021, "Thoughts on the Dilemma of When to Introduce the Euro in Hungary," Financial and Economic Review, Magyar Nemzeti Bank (Central Bank of Hungary), volume 20, issue 3, pages 110-126.
• Elemer Tertak, 2021, "Reflections on the Essay 'Thoughts on the Dilemma of When to Introduce the Euro in Hungary' by Peter Gottfried," Financial and Economic Review, Magyar Nemzeti Bank (Central Bank of Hungary), volume 20, issue 4, pages 130-143..
• Attila Becsi & Gergely Bognar & Mate Loga, 2021, "The Growing Importance of the Economic Role of the Corporate Bond Market," Financial and Economic Review, Magyar Nemzeti Bank (Central Bank of Hungary), volume 20, issue 4, pages 5-37..
• Ayushi Bajaj & Nikhil Damodaran, 2021, "Consumer Payment Choice and the Heterogeneous Impact of India’s Demonetization," Monash Economics Working Papers, Monash University, Department of Economics, number 2021-15, Oct.
• Marina Emiris & François Koulischer, 2021, "Low interest rates and the distribution of household debt," Working Paper Research, National Bank of Belgium, number 398, Mar.
• Zbigniew Polański & Mikołaj Szadkowski, 2021, "An accounting-based model of seigniorage, and recent monetary developments," Bank i Kredyt, Narodowy Bank Polski, volume 52, issue 5, pages 391-436.
• Petra Cisková & Emília Zimková & Colin Lawson, 2021, "Visegrad trust in the European Central Bank: common and country specific determinants 2005–2018," Bank i Kredyt, Narodowy Bank Polski, volume 52, issue 6, pages 495-516.
• Ewa Stanisławska & Maritta Paloviita, 2021, "Medium- vs. short-term consumer inflation expectations: evidence from a new euro area survey," NBP Working Papers, Narodowy Bank Polski, number 338.
• Krzysztof Kruszewski & Mikołaj Szadkowski, 2021, "Impact of the central bank’s financial result on the transfers of benefits across sectors of the economy," NBP Working Papers, Narodowy Bank Polski, number 340.
• Anusha Chari & Karlye Dilts-Stedman & Kristin Forbes, 2021, "Spillovers at the Extremes: The Macroprudential Stance and Vulnerability to the Global Financial Cycle," NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, "NBER International Seminar on Macroeconomics 2021".
• Anusha Chari & Lakshita Jain & Nirupama Kulkarni, 2021, "The Unholy Trinity: Regulatory Forbearance, Stressed Banks and Zombie Firms," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 28435, Feb.
• Sebastian Edwards & Luis Cabezas, 2021, "Exchange Rate Pass-Through, Monetary Policy, and Real Exchange Rates: Iceland and the 2008 Crisis," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 28520, Mar.
• Alina Carare & Carlos de Resende & Andrew T. Levin & Chelsea Zhang, 2021, "Do Monetary Policy Frameworks Matter in Low Income Countries?," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 28536, Mar.
• Yuriy Gorodnichenko & Tho Pham & Oleksandr Talavera, 2021, "The Voice of Monetary Policy," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 28592, Mar.
• Scott R. Baker & Nicholas Bloom & Steven J. Davis & Marco C. Sammon, 2021, "What Triggers Stock Market Jumps?," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 28687, Apr.
• Michael D. Bordo, 2021, "Central Bank Digital Currency in Historical Perspective: Another Crossroad in Monetary History," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29171, Aug.
• Narayana R. Kocherlakota, 2021, "Stabilization with Fiscal Policy," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29226, Sep.
• Francesco D’Acunto & Andreas Fuster & Michael Weber, 2021, "Diverse Policy Committees Can Reach Underrepresented Groups," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29275, Sep.
• Kristin Forbes & Joseph Gagnon & Christopher G. Collins, 2021, "Low Inflation Bends the Phillips Curve around the World," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29323, Oct.
• Clemens Graf von Luckner & Carmen M. Reinhart & Kenneth S. Rogoff, 2021, "Decrypting New Age International Capital Flows," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29337, Oct.
• Katharina Bergant & Kristin Forbes, 2021, "Macroprudential Policy during COVID-19: The Role of Policy Space," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29346, Oct.
• Manuel Amador & Javier Bianchi, 2021, "Bank Runs, Fragility, and Credit Easing," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29397, Oct.
• Sebastian Edwards, 2021, "Macroprudential Policies and The Covid-19 Pandemic: Risks and Challenges For Emerging Markets," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29441, Oct.
• Greg Buchak & Jiayin Hu & Shang-Jin Wei, 2021, "FinTech as a Financial Liberator," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29448, Nov.
• Chun-Che Chi & Stephanie Schmitt-Grohé & Martín Uribe, 2021, "Optimal Bank Reserve Remuneration and Capital Control Policy," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29473, Nov.
• Sebastian Edwards, 2021, "Central Bank Digital Currencies and The Emerging Markets: The Currency Substitution Challenge," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29489, Nov.
• Ruediger Bachmann & Isabel Gödl-Hanisch & Eric R. Sims, 2021, "Identifying Monetary Policy Shocks Using the Central Bank's Information Set," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29572, Dec.
• Laurence M. Ball & Daniel Leigh & Prachi Mishra & Antonio Spilimbergo, 2021, "Measuring U.S. Core Inflation: The Stress Test of COVID-19," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 29609, Dec.
• Abdelhafid Benamraoui, 2021, "The World Economy and Islamic Economics in the Time of COVID-19 الاقتصاد العالمي والاقتصاد الإسلامي في زمن كوفيد-19," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., volume 34, issue 1, pages 67-78, January, DOI: 10.4197/Islec.34-1.4.
• Azra Zaimovic & Lejla Dedovic, 2021, "World Economy and Islamic Finance: Comparison of Government Policies during the Global Financial Crisis and the COVID-19 Crisis الاقتصاد العالمي والتمويل الإسلامي: مقارنة بين سياسات الحكومات خلال الأزمة المالية العالمية وأزمة كوفيد-19," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., volume 34, issue 1, pages 79-92, January, DOI: 10.4197/Islec.34-1.5.
• Abdelkader Chachi, 2021, "The World Economy and Islamic Economics in the Time of COVID-19: Few Remarks and Observations الاقتصاد العالمي والاقتصاد الإسلامي في زمن كُورونا المُستجد (كوفيد-19): بعض الملحوظات والتعليقات," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., volume 34, issue 1, pages 125-131, January, DOI: 10.4197/Islec.34-1.9.
• Mauricio Ulate, 2021, "Going Negative at the Zero Lower Bound: The Effects of Negative Nominal Interest Rates," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, volume 111, issue 1, pages 1-40, January, DOI: 10.1257/aer.20190848.
• David Berger & Konstantin Milbradt & Fabrice Tourre & Joseph Vavra, 2021, "Mortgage Prepayment and Path-Dependent Effects of Monetary Policy," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, volume 111, issue 9, pages 2829-2878, September, DOI: 10.1257/aer.20181857.
• Silvia Miranda-Agrippino & Giovanni Ricco, 2021, "The Transmission of Monetary Policy Shocks," American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, volume 13, issue 3, pages 74-107, July, DOI: 10.1257/mac.20180124.
• Jason Allen & Ali Hortaçsu & Jakub Kastl, 2021, "Crisis Management in Canada: Analyzing Default Risk and Liquidity Demand during Financial Stress," American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, American Economic Association, volume 13, issue 2, pages 243-275, May, DOI: 10.1257/mic.20160287.
• Moritz Schularick & Lucas ter Steege & Felix Ward, 2021, "Leaning against the Wind and Crisis Risk," American Economic Review: Insights, American Economic Association, volume 3, issue 2, pages 199-214, June, DOI: 10.1257/aeri.20200310.
• Peter L. Rousseau, 2021, "Jackson, the Bank War, and the Legacy of the Second Bank of the United States," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, volume 111, pages 501-507, May, DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20211095.
• Philip R. Lane, 2021, "The Resilience of the Euro," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, volume 35, issue 2, pages 3-22, Spring, DOI: 10.1257/jep.35.2.3.
• Jorge Eduardo Carrera & Gaspar Ezequiel Maciel & Esteban Emilio, 2021, "El rol de las Letras del Banco Central en los últimos 20 años de Política Monetaria Argentina," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política, number 4448, Nov.
• Adrián Ravier & Erwin Rosen, 2021, "The Natural Rate of Interest Rule," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política, number 4514, Nov.
• Tamta Sopromadze & Giorgi Barbakadze & Shalva Mkhatrishvili, 2021, "Dominant Currency Paradigm: Financial Dollarization View," NBG Working Papers, National Bank of Georgia, number 01/2021, Apr.
• Eric Lonergan & Mark Blyth, 2021, "The Prudence Principle: A New Framework for Eurozone Fiscal Policy," Working Papers, Forum New Economy, number 6, Dec.
• Adam Tooze, 2021, "Debating Central Bank Mandates," Working Papers, Forum New Economy, number 1, Dec.
• Francesco Giovanardi & Matthias Kaldorf & Lucas Radke & Florian Wicknig, 2021, "The Preferential Treatment of Green Bonds," ECONtribute Discussion Papers Series, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany, number 098, Oct.
• Matthias Kaldorf & Florian Wicknig, 2021, "Risky Financial Collateral, Firm Heterogeneity, and the Impact of Eligibility Requirements," ECONtribute Discussion Papers Series, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany, number 123, Oct.
• Paweł Smaga, 2021, "Are interest rate changes comoving with financial cycle?," Acta Oeconomica, Akadémiai Kiadó, Hungary, volume 71, issue 2, pages 259-277, June, DOI: 10.1556/032.2021.00013.
• Riccardo De Bonis & Giuseppe Ferrero, 2021, "O Tell Me The Truth About Central Bank Digital Currency," Mo.Fi.R. Working Papers, Money and Finance Research group (Mo.Fi.R.) - Univ. Politecnica Marche - Dept. Economic and Social Sciences, number 170, Nov.
• Florian Heider & Farzad Saidi & Glenn Schepens, 2021, "Banks and Negative Interest Rates," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, volume 13, issue 1, pages 201-218, November, DOI: 10.1146/annurev-financial-111320-10.
• Kristin J. Forbes, 2021, "The International Aspects of Macroprudential Policy," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, volume 13, issue 1, pages 203-228, August, DOI: 10.1146/annurev-economics-081020-05.
• Туреханова Н.Е. // Turekhanova N. & Мекенбаева К.Б. // Mekenbayeva K.B., 2021, "Коммуникационная политика центрального банка // Communication policy of the central bank," Economic Review(National Bank of Kazakhstan), National Bank of Kazakhstan, issue 4, pages 31-41.
• Martín Tobal & Renato Yslas, 2021, "A historical perspective on prudential regulation, currency mismatches and exchange rates in Latin America and the Caribbean," Working Papers, Red Nacional de Investigadores en Economía (RedNIE), number 70, May.
• Rodrigo Cubero-Brealy, 2021, "Algunas consideraciones en torno a las monedas digitales y los criptoactivos," Ensayos de Política Económica, Banco Central de Costa Rica, number 2101, Aug.
• Emanuele Bacchiocchi & Catalin Dragomirescu-Gaina, 2021, "Uncertainty spill-overs: when policy and financial realms overlap," Papers, arXiv.org, number 2102.06404, Feb.
• David Chaum & Christian Grothoff & Thomas Moser, 2021, "How to Issue a Central Bank Digital Currency," Papers, arXiv.org, number 2103.00254, Feb.
• Daisuke Ida & Hirokuni Iiboshi, 2021, "The international forward guidance transmission under a global liquidity trap," Papers, arXiv.org, number 2103.12503, Mar, revised Aug 2024.
• Semyon Malamud & Andreas Schrimpf, 2021, "Persuasion by Dimension Reduction," Papers, arXiv.org, number 2110.08884, Oct, revised Oct 2022.
• Bastanzad, Hossein & Davoudi, Pedram, 2021, "The Impact of Macro Systematic Shocks on the Non-Performing Loans: Multivariate Stochastic Volatility Model (in Persian)," The Journal of Planning and Budgeting (٠صلنامه برنامه ریزی Ùˆ بودجه), Institute for Management and Planning studies, volume 26, issue 3, pages 49-74, December.
• D. Priyadarshini & Sabyasachi Kar, 2021, "Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC): Critical Issues and the Indian Perspective," IEG Working Papers, Institute of Economic Growth, number 444, Sep.
• Donato Masciandaro & Jacopo Magurno & Romano Tarsia, 2021, "Central Bank Independence: Metrics and Empirics," BAFFI CAREFIN Working Papers, BAFFI CAREFIN, Centre for Applied Research on International Markets Banking Finance and Regulation, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy, number 21151.
• Armando Marozzi, 2021, "The ECB and the Cost of Independence. Unearthing a New Doom-Loop in the European Monetary Union," BAFFI CAREFIN Working Papers, BAFFI CAREFIN, Centre for Applied Research on International Markets Banking Finance and Regulation, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy, number 21152.
• Donato Masciandaro, 2021, "Central Bank Governance in Monetary Policy Economics (1981-2020)," BAFFI CAREFIN Working Papers, BAFFI CAREFIN, Centre for Applied Research on International Markets Banking Finance and Regulation, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy, number 21153.
• Federico M. Ferrara & Donato Masciandaro & Manuela Moschella & Davide Romelli, 2021, "Political Voice on Monetary Policy: Evidence from the Parliamentary Hearings of the European Central Bank," BAFFI CAREFIN Working Papers, BAFFI CAREFIN, Centre for Applied Research on International Markets Banking Finance and Regulation, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy, number 21159.
• Donato Masciandaro & Davide Romelli & Gaia Rubera, 2021, "Monetary policy and financial markets: evidence from Twitter traffic," BAFFI CAREFIN Working Papers, BAFFI CAREFIN, Centre for Applied Research on International Markets Banking Finance and Regulation, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy, number 21160.
• Yang Zhang & Lena Suchanek & Jonathan Swarbrick & Joel Wagner & Tudor Schlanger, 2021, "Sequencing Extended Monetary Policies at the Effective Lower Bound," Discussion Papers, Bank of Canada, number 2021-10, Jul, DOI: 10.34989/sdp-2021-10.
• Andrew Usher & Edona Reshidi & Francisco Rivadeneyra & Scott Hendry, 2021, "The Positive Case for a CBDC," Discussion Papers, Bank of Canada, number 2021-11, Jul, DOI: 10.34989/sdp-2021-11.
• José Dorich & Rhys R. Mendes & Yang Zhang, 2021, "The Bank of Canada’s “Horse Race” of Alternative Monetary Policy Frameworks: Some Interim Results from Model Simulations," Discussion Papers, Bank of Canada, number 2021-13, Aug, DOI: 10.34989/sdp-2021-13.
• Skylar Brooks, 2021, "Revisiting the Monetary Sovereignty Rationale for CBDCs," Discussion Papers, Bank of Canada, number 2021-16, Dec, DOI: 10.34989/sdp-2021-17.
• Jeannine Bailliu & Xinfen Han & Barbara Sadaba & Mark Kruger, 2021, "Chinese Monetary Policy and Text Analytics: Connecting Words and Deeds," Staff Working Papers, Bank of Canada, number 21-3, Jan, DOI: 10.34989/swp-2021-3.
• Boris Chafwehé & Rigas Oikonomou & Romanos Priftis & Lukas Vogel, 2021, "(Optimal) Monetary Policy with and without Debt," Staff Working Papers, Bank of Canada, number 21-5, Jan, DOI: 10.34989/swp-2021-5.
• Charles M. Kahn & Francisco Rivadeneyra & Tsz-Nga Wong, 2021, "Eggs in One Basket: Security and Convenience of Digital Currencies," Staff Working Papers, Bank of Canada, number 21-6, Jan, DOI: 10.34989/swp-2021-6.
• Jin Cao & Valeriya Dinger & Tomás Gómez & Zuzana Gric & Martin Hodula & Alejandro Jara & Ragnar Juelsrud & Karolis Liaudinskas & Simona Malovaná & Yaz Terajima, 2021, "Monetary Policy Spillover to Small Open Economies: Is the Transmission Different under Low Interest Rates?," Staff Working Papers, Bank of Canada, number 21-62, Nov, DOI: 10.34989/swp-2021-62.
• Jonathan Chiu & Mohammad Davoodalhosseini, 2021, "Central Bank Digital Currency and Banking: Macroeconomic Benefits of a Cash-Like Design," Staff Working Papers, Bank of Canada, number 21-63, Dec, DOI: 10.34989/swp-2021-63.
• Jiaqi Li, 2021, "Predicting the Demand for Central Bank Digital Currency: A Structural Analysis with Survey Data," Staff Working Papers, Bank of Canada, number 21-65, Dec, DOI: 10.34989/swp-2021-65.
• Pablo S. Castro & Ajit Desai & Han Du & Rodney Garratt & Francisco Rivadeneyra, 2021, "Estimating Policy Functions in Payments Systems Using Reinforcement Learning," Staff Working Papers, Bank of Canada, number 21-7, Feb, DOI: 10.34989/swp-2021-7.
• Guillaume Bédard-Pagé & Daniel Bolduc-Zuluaga & Annick Demers & Jean-Philippe Dion & Manu Pandey & Léanne Berger-Soucy & Adrian Walton, 2021, "COVID-19 crisis: Liquidity management at Canada’s largest public pension funds," Staff Analytical Notes, Bank of Canada, number 2021-11, May, DOI: 10.34989/san-2021-11.
• Rohan Arora & Sermin Gungor & Joe Nesrallah & Guillaume Ouellet Leblanc & Jonathan Witmer, 2021, "The impact of the Bank of Canada’s Government Bond Purchase Program," Staff Analytical Notes, Bank of Canada, number 2021-23, Oct, DOI: 10.34989/san-2021-23.
• Paolo Fegatelli, 2021, "The one trillion euro digital currency: How to issue a digital euro without threatening monetary policy transmission and financial stability?," BCL working papers, Central Bank of Luxembourg, number 155, Aug.
• Adrián Armas Rivas & Zenón Quispe Misaico, 2021, "Dollarization dynamics and de-dollarization policies in Peru," Ensayos Económicos, Central Bank of Argentina, Economic Research Department, volume 1, issue 77, pages 6-32, August.
• Gabriel Michelena, 2021, "A Dynamic Stock-Flow Model for Argentina: an Application to the Post-Pandemic Economic Scenario," Ensayos Económicos, Central Bank of Argentina, Economic Research Department, volume 1, issue 78, pages 113-142, November.
• Benjamín García & Mariana García-Schmidt, 2021, "Evolution and Use of Structural Models in the Central Bank of Chile," Ensayos Económicos, Central Bank of Argentina, Economic Research Department, volume 1, issue 78, pages 28-46, November.
• Gabriel Michelena, 2021, "A Dynamic Stock-Flow Model for the Argentine Economy," BCRA Working Paper Series, Central Bank of Argentina, Economic Research Department, number 202189, Feb.
• Javier García-Cicco, 2021, "Alternative Monetary-Policy Instruments and Limited Credibility: An Exploration," BCRA Working Paper Series, Central Bank of Argentina, Economic Research Department, number 202191, Apr.
• George McCandless, 2021, "Monetary Policy Rules," BCRA Working Paper Series, Central Bank of Argentina, Economic Research Department, number 202192, May.
• Ariel Dvoskin & Sebastián Katz, 2021, "The Exchange Rate as a Shock Absorber and Amplifier: An Analysis of the Transmission Channels and the Policy Toolbox in Small Open Economies," BCRA Working Paper Series, Central Bank of Argentina, Economic Research Department, number 202197, Dec.
• Departamento de Economía Internacional y Área del Euro, 2021, "Informe de economía latinoamericana. Primer semestre de 2021. Perspectivas, vulnerabilidades y espacio de las políticas," Boletín Económico, Banco de España, issue 2/2021.
• Clara Isabel González Martínez, 2021, "Panorámica de iniciativas institucionales globales y europeas en finanzas sostenibles," Boletín Económico, Banco de España, issue 3/2021.
• Clara Isabel González Martínez, 2021, "El papel de los bancos centrales en la lucha contra el cambio climático y en el desarrollo de las finanzas sostenibles," Boletín Económico, Banco de España, issue 3/2021.
• Alejandro Buesa & Elena Vidal & José Luis Puente & Alberto Flores, 2021, "Medidas de apoyo al crédito y al sector financiero en los sistemas bancarios con relevancia material para España," Boletín Económico, Banco de España, issue 4/2021.
• Clara Isabel González Martínez, 2021, "Overview of global and European institutional sustainable finances initiatives," Economic Bulletin, Banco de España, issue 3/2021.
• Clara Isabel González Martínez, 2021, "The role of central banks in combating climate change and developing sustainable finance," Economic Bulletin, Banco de España, issue 3/2021.
• Departamento de Economía Internacional y Área del Euro, 2021, "Report on the Latin American Economy. Second half of 2021. Outlook, vulnerabilities and policy space," Economic Bulletin, Banco de España, issue 4/2021.
• Alejandro Buesa & Elena Vidal & José Luis Puente & Alberto Flores, 2021, "Measure to support credit and the financial sector in banking systems considered material for Spain," Economic Bulletin, Banco de España, issue 4/2021.
• International Economics and Euro Area Department, 2021, "Report on the Latin American economy. First half of 2021. Outlook, vulnerabilities and policy space," Economic Bulletin, Banco de España, issue 2/2021.
• Ángel Gómez-Carreño García-Moreno, 2021, "Juan Sebastián Elcano: 500 años de la Primera vuelta al mundo en los billetes del Banco de España. Historia y tecnología del billete," Occasional Papers, Banco de España, number 2030, Apr.
• Pablo Hernández de Cos, 2021, "La independencia de las autoridades y supervisores económicos. El caso del Banco de España. Comparecencia del gobernador del Banco de España ante la Comisión para la Auditoría de la Calidad Democrática / Congreso de los Diputados, el 22 de diciembre ," Occasional Papers, Banco de España, number 2105, Feb.
• Pablo Hernández de Cos, 2021, "The independence of economic authorities and supervisors. The case of the Banco de España. Testimony by the Governor of the Banco de España before the Audit Committee on Democratic Quality / Congress of Deputies, 22 December 2020," Occasional Papers, Banco de España, number 2105, Feb.
• Dmitry Khametshin, 2021, "High-yield bond markets during the COVID-19 crisis: the role of monetary policy," Occasional Papers, Banco de España, number 2110, Mar.
• Banco de España Strategic Plan 2024: Risk identification for the financial and macroeconomic stability, 2021, "How do central banks identify risks? A survey of indicators," Occasional Papers, Banco de España, number 2125, Sep.
• Clara I. González & Soledad Núñez, 2021, "Markets, financial institutions and central banks in the face of climate change: challenges and opportunities," Occasional Papers, Banco de España, number 2126, Oct.
• Jorge Escolar & José Ramón Yribarren, 2021, "Las medidas del Banco Central Europeo y del Banco de España contra los efectos del COVID-19 en el marco de los activos de garantía de política monetaria, y su impacto en las entidades españolas," Occasional Papers, Banco de España, number 2128, Oct.
• Jorge Escolar & José Ramón Yribarren, 2021, "European Central Bank and Banco de España measures against the effects of COVID-19 on the monetary policy collateral framework, and their impact on Spanish counterparties," Occasional Papers, Banco de España, number 2128, Oct.
• Laura Auria & Markus Bingmer & Carlos Mateo Caicedo Graciano & Clémence Charavel & Sergio Gavilá & Alessandra Iannamorelli & Aviram Levy & Alfredo Maldonado & Florian Resch & Anna Maria Rossi & Stepha, 2021, "Overview of central banks’ in-house credit assessment systems in the euro area," Occasional Papers, Banco de España, number 2131, Nov.
• Jorge E. Galán, 2021, "CREWS: a CAMELS-based early warning system of systemic risk in the banking sector," Occasional Papers, Banco de España, number 2132, Nov.
• Silvia Albrizio & Iván Kataryniuk & Luis Molina & Jan Schäfer, 2021, "ECB euro liquidity lines," Working Papers, Banco de España, number 2125, Aug.
• Irma Alonso & Pedro Serrano & Antoni Vaello-Sebastià, 2021, "The impact of heterogeneous unconventional monetary policies on the expectations of market crashes," Working Papers, Banco de España, number 2127, Aug.
• Hervé Le Bihan & Magali Marx & Julien Matheron, 2021, "Inflation tolerance ranges in the new keynesian model," Working Papers, Banco de España, number 2142, Nov.
• Marco Bottone & Alex Tagliabracci & Giordano Zevi, 2021, "Inflation expectations and the ECB’s perceived inflation objective: novel evidence from firm-level data," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 621, Jun.
• Giuseppe Ferrero & Massimiliano Pisani & Martino Tasso, 2021, "Policy mix during a pandemic crisis: a review of the debate on monetary and fiscal responses and the legacy for the future," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 623, Jun.
• Guido Bulligan & Francesco Corsello & Stefano Neri & Alex Tagliabracci, 2021, "De-anchored long-term inflation expectations in a low growth, low rate environment," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 624, Jun.
• Valerio Paolo Vacca & Fabian Bichlmeier & Paolo Biraschi & Natalie Boschi & Antonio J. Bravo Alvarez & Luciano Di Primio & André Ebner & Silvia Hoeretzeder & Elisa Llorente Ballesteros & Claudia Mian, 2021, "Measuring the impact of a bank failure on the real economy. An EU-wide analytical framework," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 626, Jun.
• Martina Cecioni & Adriana Grasso & Alessandro Notarpietro & Massimiliano Pisani, 2021, "Revisiting monetary policy objectives and strategies: international experience and challenges from the ELB," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 660, Dec.
• Paolo Bramini & Matteo Coletti & Francesco Di Stasio & Pierfrancesco Molina & Vittorio Schina & Massimo Valentini, 2021, "TARGET2 - The European system for large-value payments settlement," Mercati, infrastrutture, sistemi di pagamento (Markets, Infrastructures, Payment Systems), Bank of Italy, Directorate General for Markets and Payment System, number 9, Jul.
• Marco Fruzzetti & Giulio Gariano & Gerardo Palazzo & Antonio Scalia, 2021, "From SMP to PEPP: a further look at the risk endogeneity of the Central Bank," Mercati, infrastrutture, sistemi di pagamento (Markets, Infrastructures, Payment Systems), Bank of Italy, Directorate General for Markets and Payment System, number 11, Oct.
• Paola Antilici & Annino Agnes & Gianluca Mosconi, 2021, "TLTROs and collateral availability in Italy," Mercati, infrastrutture, sistemi di pagamento (Markets, Infrastructures, Payment Systems), Bank of Italy, Directorate General for Markets and Payment System, number 12, Nov.
• Laura Auria & Markus Bingmer & Carlos Mateo Caicedo Graciano & Clémence Charavel & Sergio Gavilá & Alessandra Iannamorelli & Aviram Levy & Alfredo Maldonado & Florian Resch & Anna Maria Rossi & Step, 2021, "Overview of central banks’ in-house credit assessment systems in the euro area," Mercati, infrastrutture, sistemi di pagamento (Markets, Infrastructures, Payment Systems), Bank of Italy, Directorate General for Markets and Payment System, number 13, Nov.
• Davide Di Zio & Marco Fanari & Simone Letta & Tommaso Perez & Giovanni Secondin, 2021, "The strategic allocation and sustainability of central banks' investment," Mercati, infrastrutture, sistemi di pagamento (Markets, Infrastructures, Payment Systems), Bank of Italy, Directorate General for Markets and Payment System, number 14, Dec.
• Enrico Bernardini & Johnny Di Giampaolo & Ivan Faiella & Marco Fruzzetti & Simone Letta & Raffaele Loffredo & Davide Nasti, 2021, "Climate and environmental risks: measuring the exposure of investments," Mercati, infrastrutture, sistemi di pagamento (Markets, Infrastructures, Payment Systems), Bank of Italy, Directorate General for Markets and Payment System, number 15, Dec.
• Alberto Locarno & Alessandra Locarno, 2021, "Is inflation targeting a strategy past its sell-by date?," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 1316, Feb.
• Cristina Angelico & Juri Marcucci & Marcello Miccoli & Filippo Quarta, 2021, "Can we measure inflation expectations using Twitter?," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 1318, Feb.
• Alessandro Ferrari & Valerio Nispi Landi, 2021, "Whatever it takes to save the planet? Central banks and unconventional green policy," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 1320, Feb.
• Valentina Aprigliano & Simone Emiliozzi & Gabriele Guaitoli & Andrea Luciani & Juri Marcucci & Libero Monteforte, 2021, "The power of text-based indicators in forecasting the Italian economic activity," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 1321, Mar.
• Alessio Anzuini & Luca Rossi, 2021, "Unconventional monetary policies and expectations on economic variables," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 1323, Mar.
• Maria Ludovica Drudi & Stefano Nobili, 2021, "A liquidity risk early warning indicator for Italian banks: a machine learning approach," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 1337, Jun.
• Gennaro Catapano & Francesco Franceschi & Valentina Michelangeli & Michele Loberto, 2021, "Macroprudential Policy Analysis via an Agent Based Model of the Real Estate Sector," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 1338, Jun.
• De la Peña Rogelio, 2021, "Should monetary policy lean against the wind in a small-open economy? Revisiting the Tinbergen rule," Working Papers, Banco de México, number 2021-01, Apr.
• Valencia C, Gloria (ed.), 2021, "Junta Directiva del Banco de la República: grandes episodios en 30 años de historia," Books, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, number 2021-isbn:9789586644372, ISBN: ARRAY(0xa776a700), September, DOI: 10.32468/Ebook.664-437-2.
• Alejandro Rojas-Bernal & Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas, 2021, "Pricing the exotic: Path-dependent American options with stochastic barriers," Borradores de Economia, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, number 1156, Mar, DOI: https://doi.org/10.32468/be.1156.
• Andrea Fabiani & Martha López & José-Luis Peydró & Paul E. Soto, 2021, "Capital Controls, Domestic Macroprudential Policy and the Bank Lending Channel of Monetary Policy," Borradores de Economia, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, number 1162, Jun, DOI: https://doi.org/10.32468/be.1162.
• Fabio Ortega-Castro & Freddy Cepeda-López & Constanza Martínez-Ventura, 2021, "Heterogeneidad en el uso de las fuentes de liquidez intradía en el sistema de pagos de alto valor," Borradores de Economia, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, number 1166, Aug, DOI: 10.32468/be.1166.
• Carlos Alberto Arango-Arango & Yanneth Rocío Betancourt-García & Manuela Restrepo-Bernal, 2021, "An Application of the Tourist Test to Colombian Merchants," Borradores de Economia, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, number 1176, Oct, DOI: 10.32468/be.1176.
• Carlos A. Arango-Arango & Yanneth Rocío Betancourt-García & Manuela Restrepo-Bernal & Germán Zuluaga-Giraldo, 2021, "Pagos electrónicos y uso del efectivo en los comercios colombianos 2020," Borradores de Economia, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, number 1180, Nov, DOI: 10.32468/be.1180.
• Marcela De Castro-Valderrama & Santiago Forero-Alvarado & Nicolás Moreno-Arias & Sara Naranjo-Saldarriaga, 2021, "Unraveling the Exogenous Forces Behind Analysts’ Macroeconomic Forecasts," Borradores de Economia, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, number 1184, Dec, DOI: 10.32468/be.1184.
• Lemoine Matthieu & Jesper Lind, 2021, "Fiscal Stimulus in Liquidity Traps: Conventional or Unconventional Policies?," Working papers, Banque de France, number 799.
• Philippe Andrade & Jordi Gali & Hervé Le Bihan & Julien Matheron, 2021, "Should the ECB Adjust its Strategy in the Face of a Lower r*?," Working papers, Banque de France, number 811.
• Camille Macaire & Alain Naef, 2021, "Greening Monetary Policy: Evidence from the People's Bank of China," Working papers, Banque de France, number 812.
• Hervé Le Bihan & Magali Marx & Julien Matheron, 2021, "Inflation tolerance ranges in the New Keynesian model," Working papers, Banque de France, number 820.
• Cyril Couaillier & Valerio Scalone, 2021, "Risk-to-Buffer: Setting Cyclical and Structural Capital Buffers through Banks Stress Tests," Working papers, Banque de France, number 830.
• Adrian Penalver & Daniele Siena, 2021, "The Deflationary Bias of the ZLB and the FED s Strategic Response," Working papers, Banque de France, number 843.
• Julien Matheron & Philippe Andrade & Hervé Le Bihan & Jordi Galí, 2021, "Should the ECB Adjust its Strategy in the Face of a Lower r*?," Working Papers, Barcelona School of Economics, number 1236, Feb.
• José-Luis Peydró [AP BACKUP – NOW EXTERNAL] & Carlo Altavilla & Luc Laeven & José-Luis Peydró, 2021, "Monetary and Macroprudential Policy Complementarities: Evidence from European Credit Registers," Working Papers, Barcelona School of Economics, number 1246, Apr.
• Yuriy Gorodnichenko & Tho Pham & Oleksandr Talavera, 2021, "The Voice of Monetary Policy," Discussion Papers, Department of Economics, University of Birmingham, number 21-02, Feb.
• Yuriy Gorodnichenko & Tho Pham & Oleksandr Talavera, 2021, "Central Bank Communication on Social Media: What, To Whom, and How?," Discussion Papers, Department of Economics, University of Birmingham, number 21-05, Apr.
• Jiaqi Xiao & Arturas Juodis & Yiannis Karavias & Vasilis Sarafidis, 2021, "Improved Tests for Granger Non-Causality in Panel Data," Discussion Papers, Department of Economics, University of Birmingham, number 21-06, Apr.
• Fernando Avalos & Dora Xia, 2021, "Investor size, liquidity and prime money market fund stress," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, March.
• Claudio Borio & Piti Disyatat & Dora Xia & Egon Zakrajšek, 2021, "Monetary policy, relative prices and inflation control: flexibility born out of success," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, September.
• Carlos Cantú & Paolo Cavallino & Fiorella De Fiore & James Yetman, 2021, "A global database on central banks' monetary responses to Covid-19," BIS Working Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 934, Mar.
• Gabriele Galati & Richhild Moessner & Maarten van Rooij, 2021, "The anchoring of long-term inflation expectations of consumers: insights from a new survey," BIS Working Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 936, Apr.
• Raphael Auer & Rainer Boehme, 2021, "Central bank digital currency: the quest for minimally invasive technology," BIS Working Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 948, Jun.
• Boris Hofmann & Marco Jacopo Lombardi & Benoit Mojon & Athanasios Orphanides, 2021, "Fiscal and monetary policy interactions in a low interest rate world," BIS Working Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 954, Jul.
• Simon Gilchrist & Bin Wei & Vivian Z Yue & Egon Zakrajšek, 2021, "The Fed takes on corporate credit risk: an analysis of the efficacy of the SMCCF," BIS Working Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 963, Sep.
• Michael Brei & Blaise Gadanecz, 2021, "Inter-agency coordination bodies and the speed of prudential policy responses to the Covid-19 pandemic," BIS Working Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 969, Oct.
• Mitsuru Katagiri & Koji Takahashi, 2021, "Do term premiums matter? Transmission via exchange rate dynamics," BIS Working Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 971, Oct.
• Erik Feyen & Jon Frost & Harish Natarajan & Tara Rice, 2021, "What does digital money mean for emerging market and developing economies?," BIS Working Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 973, Oct.
• Phurichai Rungcharoenkitkul & Fabian Winkler, 2021, "The natural rate of interest through a hall of mirrors," BIS Working Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 974, Nov.
• Raphael Auer & Jon Frost & Leonardo Gambacorta & Cyril Monnet & Tara Rice & Hyun Song Shin, 2021, "Central bank digital currencies: motives, economic implications and the research frontier," BIS Working Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 976, Nov.
• Claudio Borio, 2021, "Back to the future: intellectual challenges for monetary policy," BIS Working Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 981, Nov.
• Claudio Borio, 2021, "Navigating by r*: safe or hazardous?," BIS Working Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 982, Nov.
• Rashad Ahmed & Claudio Borio & Piti Disyatat & Boris Hofmann, 2021, "Losing traction? The real effects of monetary policy when interest rates are low," BIS Working Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 983, Nov.
• Eszter Balogh & Adám Banai & Tirupam Goel & Péter Lang & Martin Stancsics & Előd Takáts & Álmos Telegdy, 2021, "Credit constrained firms and government subsidies: evidence from a European Union program," BIS Working Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 984, Nov.
• Dmitry Miroshnichenko, 2021, "Impact of Bank of Russia Macroprudential Policy on Risk Exposure of Banks' Consumer Loan Portfolios," Russian Journal of Money and Finance, Bank of Russia, volume 80, issue 3, pages 73-93, September, DOI: 10.31477/rjmf.202103.73.
• Alina Evstigneeva & Mark Sidorovskiy, 2021, "Assessment of Clarity of Bank of Russia Monetary Policy Communication by Neural Network Approach," Russian Journal of Money and Finance, Bank of Russia, volume 80, issue 3, pages 3-33, September, DOI: 10.31477/rjmf.202103.03.
• Anna Burova & Henry Penikas & Svetlana Popova, 2021, "Probability of Default Model to Estimate Ex Ante Credit Risk," Russian Journal of Money and Finance, Bank of Russia, volume 80, issue 3, pages 49-72, September, DOI: 10.31477/rjmf.202103.49.
• Anna Burova & Alexey Ponomarenko & Svetlana Popova & Andrey Sinyakov & Yulia Ushakova, 2021, "Measuring heterogeneity in banks' interest rate setting in Russia," Bank of Russia Working Paper Series, Bank of Russia, number wps77, Jul.
• Tatiana Grishina & Alexey Ponomarenko, 2021, "Banks’ interest rate setting and transitions between liquidity surplus and deficit," Bank of Russia Working Paper Series, Bank of Russia, number wps79, Oct.
• Konstantin Styrin & Alexander Tishin, 2021, "Preventive monetary and macroprudential policy response to anticipated shocks to financial stability," Bank of Russia Working Paper Series, Bank of Russia, number wps80, Sep.
• Mikhail Andreyev & Andrey Polbin, 2021, "Optimal simple monetary policy rules for a resource-rich economy and the Zero Lower Bound," Bank of Russia Working Paper Series, Bank of Russia, number wps81, Oct.
• Fernanda Cuitiño & Juan Pablo Medina & Laura Zacheo, 2021, "Exchange Rate Pass-Through Conditional on Shocks and Monetary Policy Credibility. The Case of Uruguay," Documentos de trabajo, Banco Central del Uruguay, number 2021008.
• Jose Eduardo Gomez‐Gonzalez & Julian Andres Parra‐Polania & Mauricio Villamizar‐Villegas, 2021, "More than words: Foreign exchange intervention under imperfect credibility," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, volume 73, issue 4, pages 499-507, October, DOI: 10.1111/boer.12268.
• Arina Wischnewsky & David‐Jan Jansen & Matthias Neuenkirch, 2021, "Financial stability and the Fed: Evidence from congressional hearings," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, volume 59, issue 3, pages 1192-1214, July, DOI: 10.1111/ecin.12977.
• Claudio Borio, 2021, "Back to the Future: Intellectual Challenges for Monetary Policy," Economic Papers, The Economic Society of Australia, volume 40, issue 4, pages 273-287, December, DOI: 10.1111/1759-3441.12331.
• Gunda‐Alexandra Detmers & Ozer Karagedikli & Richhild Moessner, 2021, "Quantitative or Qualitative Forward Guidance: Does it Matter?," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, volume 97, issue 319, pages 491-503, December, DOI: 10.1111/1475-4932.12637.
• Patrice Baubeau & Eric Monnet & Angelo Riva & Stefano Ungaro, 2021, "Flight‐to‐safety and the credit crunch: a new history of the banking crises in France during the Great Depression," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, volume 74, issue 1, pages 223-250, February, DOI: 10.1111/ehr.12972.
• Puriya Abbassi & Falk Bräuning & Niels Schulze, 2021, "Bargaining power and outside options in the interbank lending market," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, volume 50, issue 2, pages 553-586, June, DOI: 10.1111/fima.12332.
• Carin van der Cruijsen & Jakob de Haan & Ria Roerink, 2021, "Financial knowledge and trust in financial institutions," Journal of Consumer Affairs, Wiley Blackwell, volume 55, issue 2, pages 680-714, June, DOI: 10.1111/joca.12363.
• A. Bartocci & L. Burlon & A. Notarpietro & M. Pisani, 2021, "Macroeconomic Effects of Non‐Standard Monetary Policy Measures in the Euro Area: The Role of Corporate Bond Purchases," Manchester School, University of Manchester, volume 89, issue S1, pages 97-130, September, DOI: 10.1111/manc.12289.
• Pao‐Lin Tien & Tara M. Sinclair & Edward N. Gamber, 2021, "Do Fed Forecast Errors Matter?," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, volume 83, issue 3, pages 686-712, June, DOI: 10.1111/obes.12415.
• Rongrong Sun, 2021, "Requiem for the interest rate controls in China," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, volume 26, issue 2, pages 139-160, May, DOI: 10.1111/1468-0106.12341.
• Jin Cao & Valeriya Dinger & Anna Grodecka‐Messi & Ragnar Juelsrud & Xin Zhang, 2021, "The interaction between macroprudential and monetary policies: The cases of Norway and Sweden," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, volume 29, issue 1, pages 87-116, February, DOI: 10.1111/roie.12507.
• Alexander Jung & Patrick Kuehl, 2021, "Can central bank communication help to stabilise inflation expectations?," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, volume 68, issue 3, pages 298-321, July, DOI: 10.1111/sjpe.12276.
• Valeria Fernanda Jemio Hurtado, 2021, "Reglas de política monetaria en tiempos de estabilidad y volatilidad: Un enfoque de equilibrio general con estimación bayesiana para Bolivia," Revista de Análisis del BCB, Banco Central de Bolivia, volume 35, issue 1, pages 9-74, July - De.
• Thore Kockerols & Erling Motzfeldt Kravik & Yasin Mimir, 2021, "Leaning against persistent financial cycles with occasional crises," Working Paper, Norges Bank, number 2021/11, Oct.
• Jin Cao & Valeriya Dinger & Tomás Gómez & Zuzana Gric & Martin Hondula & Alejandro Jara & Ragnar Juelsrud & Karolis Liaudinskas & Simona Malovaná & Yaz Terajima, 2021, "Monetary Policy Spillover to Small Open Economies: Is the Transmission Different under Low Interest Rate," Working Paper, Norges Bank, number 2021/12, Nov.
• Jon H. Findreng, 2021, "Peer Monitoring vs. Search Costs in the Interbank Market: Evidence from Payment Flow Data in Norway," Working Paper, Norges Bank, number 2021/2, May.
• Stephen Millard & Margarita Rubio & Alexandra Varadi, 2021, "The macroprudential toolkit: effectiveness and interactions," Bank of England Staff Working Paper series, Bank of England, number 902, Jan.
• Marc Hinterschweiger & Kunal Khairnar & Tolga Ozden & Tom Stratton, 2021, "Macroprudential policy interactions in a sectoral DSGE model with staggered interest rates," Bank of England Staff Working Paper series, Bank of England, number 904, Jan.
• Dario Bonciani & Joonseok Oh, 2021, "Revisiting the New Keynesian policy paradoxes under QE," Bank of England Staff Working Paper series, Bank of England, number 908, Feb.
• Iryna Kaminska & Haroon Mumtaz & Roman Sustek, 2021, "Monetary policy surprises and their transmission through term premia and expected interest rates," Bank of England Staff Working Paper series, Bank of England, number 914, Mar.