Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

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Top JEL
/ E: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics
/ / E5: Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
/ / / E58: Central Banks and Their Policies

2023

• Ari Kutai, 2023, "Measuring The Effect Of Forward Guidance In Small Open Economies: The Case Of Israel," Israel Economic Review, Bank of Israel, volume 21, issue 1, pages 75-142, March.
• Kaori Ochi & Mitsuhiro Osada, 2023, "Developments in Corporate Bond Spreads at Issuance," Bank of Japan Review Series, Bank of Japan, number 23-E-8, Nov.
• Takatoshi Sasaki & Hiroki Yamamoto & Jouchi Nakajima, 2023, "Nonlinear Input Cost Pass-through to Consumer Prices: A Threshold Approach," Bank of Japan Working Paper Series, Bank of Japan, number 23-E-9, May.
• David M. Arseneau & Mitsuhiro Osada, 2023, "Central Bank Mandates and Communication about Climate Change: Evidence from A Large Dataset of Central Bank Speeches," Bank of Japan Working Paper Series, Bank of Japan, number 23-E-14, Sep.
• Klaus Adam & Andrey Alexandrov & Henning Weber, 2023, "Inflation Distorts Relative Prices: Theory and Evidence," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany, number crctr224_2023_406v2, Mar, revised May 2024.
• Dabrowski Marek, 2023, "Two Major Economic Crises in the Early Twenty-First Century and their Impact on Central Bank Independence," Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium, De Gruyter, volume 13, issue 2, pages 169-215, May, DOI: 10.1515/ael-2020-0139.
• Hartwell Christopher Andrew, 2023, "What Is the European Central Bank Supposed to Do?," Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium, De Gruyter, volume 13, issue 2, pages 217-242, May, DOI: 10.1515/ael-2020-0035.
• Wilmanowicz-Słupczewska Martyna & Serowaniec Maciej & Wantoch-Rekowski Jacek, 2023, "Central Banks of the Visegrad Group States in the Light of Constitutional Regulations," Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium, De Gruyter, volume 13, issue 2, pages 243-286, May, DOI: 10.1515/ael-2019-0078.
• Biondi Yuri, 2023, "Central Banking in Perilous Times: An Open-Ended Chronicle," Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium, De Gruyter, volume 13, issue 2, pages 49-102, May, DOI: 10.1515/ael-2023-0007.
• Canofari Paolo & Di Bartolomeo Giovanni & Messori Marcello, 2023, "Sovereign Debt Crisis, Fiscal Consolidation, and Active Central Bankers in a Monetary Union," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, volume 23, issue 1, pages 151-180, January, DOI: 10.1515/bejm-2022-0038.
• André Marine Charlotte & Dai Meixing, 2023, "Learning, Central Bank Conservatism, and Stock Price Dynamics," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, volume 23, issue 2, pages 791-843, June, DOI: 10.1515/bejm-2020-0243.
• Rich Kenneth M., 2023, "Interest Rates, Money, and Fed Monetary Policy in a Markov-Switching Bayesian VAR," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, volume 23, issue 2, pages 959-997, June, DOI: 10.1515/bejm-2022-0072.
• Bernoth Kerstin & Dietz Sara, 2023, "Selective Bond Purchases – May the ECB Chose Winners and Losers?," The Economists' Voice, De Gruyter, volume 20, issue 1, pages 111-118, June, DOI: 10.1515/ev-2023-0026.
• Benchimol Jonathan & Caspi Itamar & Kazinnik Sophia, 2023, "Measuring Communication Quality of Interest Rate Announcements," The Economists' Voice, De Gruyter, volume 20, issue 1, pages 43-53, June, DOI: 10.1515/ev-2022-0023.
• Issing Otmar, 2023, "Apolitical Money – An Illusion?," The Economists' Voice, De Gruyter, volume 20, issue 1, pages 79-88, June, DOI: 10.1515/ev-2023-0015.
• Yin Shou-Yung & Lin Chang-Ching & Chang Ming-Jen, 2023, "Interest Rate Persistence and Monetary Policy Rule in Light of Model Uncertainty," German Economic Review, De Gruyter, volume 24, issue 2, pages 145-190, May, DOI: 10.1515/ger-2022-0076.
• Kyriazis Nikolaos A. & Economou Emmanouil M. L. & Stergiou Andreas, 2023, "Connectedness Among Geopolitical Risk, Inflation, Currency Values, and Exports by TVP-VAR Analysis: A Worldwide Perspective," Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy, De Gruyter, volume 29, issue 4, pages 301-338, December, DOI: 10.1515/peps-2023-0026.
• Issing Otmar, 2023, "30 Jahre Vertrag von Maastricht," Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, De Gruyter, volume 24, issue 3, pages 280-285, September, DOI: 10.1515/pwp-2023-0034.
• Blazsek Szabolcs & Blazsek Virag & Kobor Adam, 2023, "Conservatorship, quantitative easing, and mortgage spreads: a new multi-equation score-driven model of policy actions," Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, De Gruyter, volume 27, issue 2, pages 237-264, April, DOI: 10.1515/snde-2021-0066.
• Jan Ditzen & Yiannis Karavias & Joakim Westerlund, 2023, "Multiple Structural Breaks in Interactive Effects Panel Data and the Impact of Quantitative Easing on Bank Lending," BEMPS - Bozen Economics & Management Paper Series, Faculty of Economics and Management at the Free University of Bozen, number BEMPS99, Feb.
• Rémy Estran & Victor-Manuel de Fabritus & Antoine Souchaud, 2023, "Development of a Shadow Rating Model," Finance, Presses universitaires de Grenoble, volume 44, issue 2, pages 112-148.
• Nicolas de Sèze, 2023, "Monnaies numériques de banque centrale : une mise en perspective des travaux à travers le monde," Revue d'économie financière, Association d'économie financière, volume 0, issue 1, pages 91-105.
• Hubert de Vauplane, 2023, "Un euro numérique est-il légal ?," Revue d'économie financière, Association d'économie financière, volume 0, issue 1, pages 121-138.
• Nathalie Aufauvre & Pierre-Alexandre Aranega, 2023, "Concevoir une monnaie numérique de banque centrale : partenariat public-privé et complémentarité avec les espèces," Revue d'économie financière, Association d'économie financière, volume 0, issue 1, pages 139-152.
• Christian Pfister, 2023, "Politique monétaire et monnaies numériques," Revue d'économie financière, Association d'économie financière, volume 0, issue 1, pages 225-239.
• Catherine Lubochinsky & Mariana Rojas-Breu, 2023, "Stablecoins et monnaies numériques de banque centrale : un enjeu géostratégique pour le Système monétaire international," Revue d'économie financière, Association d'économie financière, volume 0, issue 1, pages 241-255.
• Rosa Giovanna Barresi, 2023, "La confidentialité des paiements : du XVIII e siècle à l'euro numérique," Revue d'économie financière, Association d'économie financière, volume 0, issue 1, pages 257-269.
• Vera Songwe, 2023, "Stabilité financière et monétaire internationale : un bien public en quête d'un cadre de gouvernance," Revue d'économie financière, Association d'économie financière, volume 0, issue 3, pages 317-326.
• Jean-Bernard Chatelain & Kirsten Ralf, 2023, "Super-Inertial Interest Rate Rules are not Solutions of Ramsey Optimal Policy," Revue d'économie politique, Dalloz, volume 133, issue 1, pages 119-146.
• Amélie Barbier-Gauchard & Thierry Betti & Francesco De Palma, 2023, "Monetary Policy with Weakened Unions," Revue d'économie politique, Dalloz, volume 133, issue 4, pages 525-540.
• Buda, G. & Carvalho, V. M. & Corsetti, G. & Duarte, J. B. & Hansen, S. & Moura, A. S. & Ortiz, A. & Rodrigo, T. & Ortiz, A. & Ortiz, A., 2023, "Short and Variable Lags," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge, number 2321, Mar.
• Chadha, J. S., 2023, "Mr Putin and the Chronicle of a Normalisation Foretold," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge, number 2354, Jul.
• Byrne, David & Goodhead, Robert & McMahon, Michael & Parle, Conor, 2023, "The Central Bank Crystal Ball: Temporal information in monetary policy communication," Research Technical Papers, Central Bank of Ireland, number 1/RT/23, Feb.
• Byrne, David & Goodhead, Robert & McMahon, Michael & Parle, Conor, 2023, "Measuring the Temporal Dimension of Text: An Application to Policymaker Speeches," Research Technical Papers, Central Bank of Ireland, number 2/RT/23, Feb.
• McCann, Fergal & Singh, Anuj Pratap, 2023, "Housing assistance policy for mortgage borrowers: liquidity improvements or price acceleration?," Research Technical Papers, Central Bank of Ireland, number 4/RT/23, Jun.
• Byrne, Shane & Devine, Kenneth & King, Michael & McCarthy, Yvonne & Palmer, Christopher, 2023, "The Last Mile of Monetary Policy: Inattention, Reminders, and the Refinancing Channel," Research Technical Papers, Central Bank of Ireland, number 6/RT/23, Jul.
• Emna Trabelsi, 2023, "Does Fiscal Transparency Matter for Bank Development? A Lookup on Emerging and Developing Countries," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 12, issue 1, pages 107-148.
• Retselisitsoe I. Thamae & Nicholas M. Odhiambo & John M. Khumalo, 2023, "Bank Regulation in the Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries: Dynamics and Trends," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 12, issue 1, pages 175-198.
• Durmus Cagri Yildirim & Tugba Turan, 2023, "Revisiting of Interest Rate Channel: Nonlinear transmission of Monetary Policy Shocks to the Turkish Economy," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 12, issue 1, pages 199-223.
• Serdar Ongan & Ismet Gocer, 2023, "Money Supply Determination Process for Japan," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 12, issue 1, pages 249-261.
• Muhammad Aftab & Ahsan Mehmood, 2023, "Does Central Bank Transparency Deter the Exchange Rate Volatility? New Evidence from Asian Emerging Markets," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 12, issue 2, pages 133-163.
• Vesna Martin, 2023, "Green Finance: Regulation and Instruments," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 12, issue 2, pages 185-209.
• Guizhou Wang & Kjell Hausken, 2023, "Modeling which Factors Impact Interest Rates," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 12, issue 2, pages 211-237.
• Martha Cruz Zuniga & Dawit Senbet, 2023, "Does the Effectiveness of Monetary Policy Depend on the Choice of Policy Instrument? Empirical Evidence from South Korea," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 12, issue 2, pages 239-265.
• Milena Vučinić & Radoica Luburić, 2023, "Project Management in Central Banks," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 12, issue 2, pages 5-31.
• Areghan Isibor & Alexander Omankhanlen & Benjamin Ehikioya & Godswill Osuma & Adenike Oladipo & Adedoyin Bunmi-Alo & Kikiyanu Ajalaadebowale, 2023, "Achieving Sustainable Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan African Countries Using the Tool of Monetary Policy Effectiveness," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 12, issue 3, pages 111-132.
• Pradip Kumar Kafle, 2023, "Reputation Lasts Longer Than Life: How can Central Banks Quantify their Reputational Risk?," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 12, issue 3, pages 159-178.
• Lukas Pfeifer, 2023, "The New Era of Capital Regulation Complexity," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 12, issue 3, pages 179-197.
• Guillermo Peña, 2023, "Raising Interest Rates for Improving Income," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 12, issue 3, pages 199-217.
• Tijana Kaličanin & Zoran Grubišić & Sandra Kamenković, 2023, "The Relationship Between Bank Concentration and Interest Rates," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 12, issue 3, pages 23-39.
• Amina Haoudi & Ali Bennagem Touati, 2023, "Central Bank Independence: The Case of North African Central Banks," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 12, issue 3, pages 61-85.
• Borivoje D. Krušković, 2023, "Econometric VAR Analysis of the Effect of the Foreign Exchange Reserves on Macroeconomic Variables in Emerging Countries: The Case of BRIC Countries," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, volume 12, issue 3, pages 87-109.
• Daniel Fried, 2023, "The U.S. Dollar as an International Currency and Its Economic Effects: Working Paper 2023-04," Working Papers, Congressional Budget Office, number 58764, Apr.
• Le, Vo Phuong Mai & Meenagh, David & Minford, Patrick & Wang, Ziqing, 2023, "UK monetary and fiscal policy since the Great Recession- an evaluation," Cardiff Economics Working Papers, Cardiff University, Cardiff Business School, Economics Section, number E2023/9, Apr.
• Trevor Tombe & Yu (Sonja) Chen, 2023, "Reversal of Fortunes: Rising Interest Rates and Losses at the Bank of Canada," e-briefs, C.D. Howe Institute, number 337, Jan.
• Steven Ambler & Jeremy Kronick, 2023, "Slaying the Beast: The Bank of Canada's Ongoing Battle with Inflation," e-briefs, C.D. Howe Institute, number 340, Apr.
• Janet Cosier, 2023, "Losses, Risks and Reputation: Bolstering the Bank of Canada for the Road Ahead," e-briefs, C.D. Howe Institute, number 347, Oct.
• Trevor Tombe & Yu (Sonja) Chen, 2023, "Rise, Stall, or Fall: The Key Drivers Behind Inflation's Path in Canada," e-briefs, C.D. Howe Institute, number 348, Nov.
• Emilio Ocampo, 2023, "Dollarization as an Effective Commitment Device: The Case of Argentina," CEMA Working Papers: Serie Documentos de Trabajo., Universidad del CEMA, number 848, Feb.
• Dusan Stojanovic, 2023, "Quantitative Easing in the Euro Area: Implications for Income and Wealth Inequality," CERGE-EI Working Papers, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute, Prague, number wp760, Aug.
• Jan Pablo Burgard & Matthias Neuenkirch & Dennis Umlandt, 2023, "(Almost) Recursive Identification of Monetary Policy Shocks with Economic Parameter Restrictions," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10219.
• Kris James Mitchener & Eric Monnet, 2023, "Connected Lending of Last Resort," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10226.
• Raphael Auer & Giulio Cornelli & Sebastian Doerr & Jon Frost & Leonardo Gambacorta, 2023, "Crypto Trading and Bitcoin Prices: Evidence from a New Database of Retail Adoption," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10266.
• Patrick Hirsch & Lars P. Feld & Ekkehard A. Köhler, 2023, "Breaking Monetary Policy News: The Role of Mass Media Coverage of ECB Announcements for Public Inflation Expectations," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10285.
• Lena Dräger & Michael J. Lamla & Damjan Pfajfar, 2023, "How to Limit the Spillover from an Inflation Surge to Inflation Expectations?," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10330.
• Isabel Gödl-Hanisch & Ronald Mau & Jonathan Rawls, 2023, "Monetary Policy Interactions: The Policy Rate, Asset Purchases, and Optimal Policy with an Interest Rate Peg," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10399.
• Thomas Gomez & Giulia Piccillo, 2023, "Does U.S. Monetary Policy Respond to Macroeconomic Uncertainty?," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10407.
• António Afonso & André Teixeira, 2023, "Bank Regulation and Sovereign Risk: A Paradox," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10434.
• Christina Anderl & Guglielmo Maria Caporale, 2023, "Time-Varying Parameters in Monetary Policy Rules: A GMM Approach," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10451.
• Jesús Fernández-Villaverde & Joël Marbet & Galo Nuño & Omar Rachedi, 2023, "Inequality and the Zero Lower Bound," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10471.
• Jannik Hensel & Giacomo Mangiante & Luca Moretti, 2023, "Carbon Pricing and Inflation Expectations: Evidence from France," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10552.
• António Afonso & José Alves & Serena Ionta, 2023, "The Effects of Monetary Policy Surprises and Fiscal Sustainability Regimes in the Euro Area," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10558.
• Bernd Hayo & Pierre-Guillaume Méon, 2023, "Measuring Household Inflation Perceptions and Expectations: The Effect of Guided vs Non-Guided Inflation Questions," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10564.
• António Afonso & Eduardo de Sá Fortes Leitão Rodrigues, 2023, "Consumption Patterns of Indebted Households: Unravelling the Relevance of Fiscal Policy," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10565.
• Cars Hommes & Julien Pinter & Isabelle Salle, 2023, "What People Believe about Monetary Finance and What We Can(‘t) Do about It: Evidence from a Large-Scale, Multi-Country Survey Experiment," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10574.
• Engin Kara & Ahmed Pirzada, 2023, "Unraveling the Impact of Higher Uncertainty on Profits and Inflation," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10587.
• António Afonso & José Alves & Serena Ionta, 2023, "Monetary Policy Surprise Shocks under Different Fiscal Regimes: A Panel Analysis of the Euro Area," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10627.
• Bernd Hayo & Pierre-Guillaume Méon, 2023, "Preaching to the Agnostic: Inflation Reporting Can Increase Trust in the Central Bank but Only among People with Weak Priors," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10636.
• Sugata Marjit & Kausik Gupta, 2023, "Simple Macroeconomics of Crypto Currency and the Political Economy of Monetary Policy in a Democracy," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10665.
• António Afonso & José Alves & Sofia Monteiro, 2023, "Banks’ Portfolio of Government Debt and Sovereign Risk," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10692.
• Lena Dräger, 2023, "Central Bank Communication with the General Public," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10713.
• Paul De Grauwe & Yuemei Ji, 2023, "Fighting Inflation More Effectively without Transferring Central Banks’ Profits to Banks," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10741.
• Stefano Carattini & Giseong Kim & Givi Melkadze & Aude Pommeret, 2023, "Carbon Taxes and Tariffs, Financial Frictions, and International Spillovers," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10851.
• Clemens Fuest & Klaus Gründler & Niklas Potrafke & Marcel Schlepper, 2023, "Keine Bankenkrise: Ökonominnen und Ökonomen erwarten keine neue Finanzkrise und fordern Fortsetzung der Zinspolitik," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, volume 76, issue 04, pages 75-78, April.
• Projektgruppe Gemeinschaftsdiagnose, 2023, "Inflation im Kern hoch – Angebotskräfte jetzt stärken: Kurzfassung der Gemeinschaftsdiagnose Frühjahr 2023," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, volume 76, issue 04, pages 79-83, April.
• Michael Kumhof & Marco Pinchetti & Phurichai Rungcharoenkitkul & Andrej Sokol, 2023, "CBDC Policies in Open Economies," Discussion Papers, Centre for Macroeconomics (CFM), number 2309, Mar.
• Ambrogio Cesa-Bianchi & Robert Czech & Fernando Eguren-Martin, 2023, "Dash for Dollars," Discussion Papers, Centre for Macroeconomics (CFM), number 2314, Apr.
• Vedanta Dhamija & Ricardo Nunes & Roshni Tara, 2023, "House Price Expectations and Inflation Expectations: Evidence from Survey Data," Discussion Papers, Centre for Macroeconomics (CFM), number 2318, Jul.
• Ricardo Nunes & Ali Ozdagli & Jenny Tang, 2023, "Interest Rate Surprises: A Tale of Two Shocks," Discussion Papers, Centre for Macroeconomics (CFM), number 2320, Jul.
• Mitchener, Kris James & Monnet, Eric, 2023, "Connected Lending of Last Resort," CAGE Online Working Paper Series, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE), number 651.
• Carlos Madeira & João Madeira & Paulo Santos Monteiro, 2023, "The origins of monetary policy disagreement: the role of supply and demand shocks," Working Papers Central Bank of Chile, Central Bank of Chile, number 993, Oct.
• Johannes Breckenfelder & Pierre Collin-Dufresne & Stefano Corradin, 2023, "Is the Bond Market Competitive? Evidence From the ECB's Asset Purchase Programme," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series, Swiss Finance Institute, number 23-104, Nov.
• Benedikt Ballensiefen & Angelo Ranaldo & Hannah Winterberg, 2023, "Money Market Disconnect," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series, Swiss Finance Institute, number 23-12, Feb.
• Michel Antoine Habib & Yushi Peng & Yanjie Wang & Zexi Wang, 2023, "The Implementation of Central Bank Policy in China: The Roles of Commercial Bank Ownership and CEO Faction Membership," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series, Swiss Finance Institute, number 23-14, Feb.
• Özlem Dursun-de Neef & Steven Ongena & Alexander Schandlbauer, 2023, "Monetary Policy, HTM Securities, and Uninsured Deposit Withdrawals," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series, Swiss Finance Institute, number 23-40, Apr, revised Jun 2023.

2022

• Ricardo J. Caballero & Alp Simsek, 2022, "Monetary Policy with Opinionated Markets," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, volume 112, issue 7, pages 2353-2392, July, DOI: 10.1257/aer.20210271.
• Alexandre N. Kohlhas, 2022, "Learning by Sharing: Monetary Policy and Common Knowledge," American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, volume 14, issue 3, pages 324-364, July, DOI: 10.1257/mac.20190311.
• Doron Levit & Anton Tsoy, 2022, "A Theory of One-Size-Fits-All Recommendations," American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, American Economic Association, volume 14, issue 4, pages 318-347, November, DOI: 10.1257/mic.20200138.
• Saroj Bhattarai & Christopher J. Neely, 2022, "An Analysis of the Literature on International Unconventional Monetary Policy," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, volume 60, issue 2, pages 527-597, June, DOI: 10.1257/jel.20201493.
• V. V. Chari, 2022, "Larry Ball's The Fed and Lehman Brothers: A Review Essay," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, volume 60, issue 4, pages 1503-1508, December, DOI: 10.1257/jel.20221515.
• Michael Weber & Francesco D'Acunto & Yuriy Gorodnichenko & Olivier Coibion, 2022, "The Subjective Inflation Expectations of Households and Firms: Measurement, Determinants, and Implications," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, volume 36, issue 3, pages 157-184, Summer, DOI: 10.1257/jep.36.3.157.
• Evangelina Santilli, 2022, "Los determinantes de las reservas internacionales en Argentina en las últimas tres décadas," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política, number 4597, Nov.
• R.I. Thamae & N.M. Odhiambo, 2022, "Nonlinear Effects of Bank Regulation Stringency on Bank Lending in Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries," Working Papers, African Economic and Social Research Institute (AESRI), number 2218, Dec.
• R.I. Thamae & N.M. Odhiambo & J.M. Khumalo, 2022, "Bank Regulation in the Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries: Dynamics and Trends," Working Papers, African Economic and Social Research Institute (AESRI), number 2228, Dec.
• Amos Twum & Meshach J. Aziakpono, 2022, "Regional Convergence among Anglophone West African Countries: Evidence from Interest Rate Analysis," The African Finance Journal, Africagrowth Institute, volume 24, issue 2, pages 1-16.
• Kilci, Esra & Yilanci, Veli, 2022, "Impact of Monetary Aggregates on Consumer Behavior: A Study on the Policy Response of the Federal Reserve against COVID-19," Asian Journal of Applied Economics, Kasetsart University, Center for Applied Economics Research, volume 29, issue 01, DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.334381.
• Moritz Schularick, 2022, "New perspectives on monetary policy," Working Papers, Forum New Economy, number 3, Feb.
• Hasse, Jean-Baptiste & Lajaunie, Quentin, 2022, "Does the yield curve signal recessions? New evidence from an international panel data analysis," LIDAM Reprints LFIN, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Finance (LFIN), number 2022004, May.
• Christian Bittner & Diana Bonfim & Florian Heider & Farzad Saidi & Glenn Schepens & Carla Soares, 2022, "The Augmented Bank Balance-Sheet Channel of Monetary Policy," ECONtribute Discussion Papers Series, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany, number 149, Feb.
• Pia Hüttl & Matthias Kaldorf, 2022, "Real Effects of Financial Market Integration: Evidence from an ECB Collateral Framework Change," ECONtribute Discussion Papers Series, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany, number 174, Jun.
• Farmer, J. Doyne & Carro, Adrian & Hinterschweiger, Marc & Uluc, Arzu, 2022, "Heterogeneous Effects and Spillovers of Macroprudential Policy in an Agent-Based Model of the UK Housing Market," INET Oxford Working Papers, Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, number 2022-06, Apr.
• Carro, Adrian, 2022, "Could Spain be less different? Exploring the effects of macroprudential policy on the house price cycle," INET Oxford Working Papers, Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, number 2022-25, Aug.
• Saroyan, Susanna, 2022, "Counterparty choice, maturity shifts and market freezes: lessons from the e-MID interbank market," INET Oxford Working Papers, Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, number 2022-28, Nov.
• Michele Fratianni & Federico Giri & Riccardo Lucchetti & Francesco Valentini, 2022, "Monetization, wars, and the Italian fiscal multiplier," Mo.Fi.R. Working Papers, Money and Finance Research group (Mo.Fi.R.) - Univ. Politecnica Marche - Dept. Economic and Social Sciences, number 176, Jul.
• Viral V. Acharya & Matteo Crosignani & Tim Eisert & Sascha Steffen, 2022, "Zombie Lending: Theoretical, International, and Historical Perspectives," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, volume 14, issue 1, pages 21-38, November, DOI: 10.1146/annurev-financial-111620-11.
• Tim Willems & Jeromin Zettelmeyer, 2022, "Sovereign Debt Sustainability and Central Bank Credibility," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, volume 14, issue 1, pages 75-93, November, DOI: 10.1146/annurev-financial-112921-11.
• Cyril Monnet & Hyun Song Shin & Jon Frost & Leonardo Gambacorta & Raphael Auer & Tara Rice, 2022, "Central Bank Digital Currencies: Motives, Economic Implications, and the Research Frontier," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, volume 14, issue 1, pages 697-721, August, DOI: 10.1146/annurev-economics-051420-02.
• Abdessamad ZAKANI, 2022, "L’indépendance de la Banque centrale et le ciblage d’inflation : Cas de Bank Al-Maghrib," International Journal of Accounting, Finance, Auditing, Management and Economics, Faculté d'Économie et de Gestion, Université Ibn Tofaïl de Kénitra, volume 3, issue 2-2, pages 435-453.
• Mohamed ER-RAHMANY & Fouad BEN ELHAJ, 2022, "Evaluation des chocs de la politique monétaire sur l’inflation : Cas du Maroc," International Journal of Accounting, Finance, Auditing, Management and Economics, Faculté d'Économie et de Gestion, Université Ibn Tofaïl de Kénitra, volume 3, issue 6-2, pages 130-145.
• Кажмуратов Ж.Т. // Kazhmuratov J.T. & Шалгынбаев К.У. // Shalgynbayev K.U. & Майданов С.Ж. // Maidanov S.Zh. & Мажиров А.М. // Mazhirov A.M., 2022, "Меры регулирования наличного денежного обращения как инструмент борьбы с теневой экономикой // Cash circulation regulation measures as a tool to combat the shadow economy," Economic Review(National Bank of Kazakhstan), National Bank of Kazakhstan, issue 1, pages 67-81.
• Майданов С.Ж. // Maidanov S.Zh. & Табарак Ы.Ж. // Tabarak Y.Zh., 2022, "Совершенствование моделей прогнозирования объема наличных денег в обращении в Республике Казахстан // Improving the models for forecasting the volume of cash in circulation in the Republic of Kazakhstan," Economic Review(National Bank of Kazakhstan), National Bank of Kazakhstan, issue 2, pages 4-21.
• Агамбаева Саида // Agambayeva Saida & Конурбаева Наталья // Konurbayeva Natalya, 2022, "Финансовая грамотность и инфляционные ожидания домашних хозяйств // Financial literacy and inflation expectations of households," Working Papers, National Bank of Kazakhstan, number #2022-7.
• Ond?ej Venhoda, 2022, "Application of DSTI and DTI macroprudential policy limits to the mortgage market in the Czech Republic for the year 2022," International Journal of Economic Sciences, European Research Center, volume 11, issue 1, pages 105-116, April.
• Javier García-Cicco, 2022, "Alternative Monetary-Policy Instruments and Limited Credibility: An Exploration," Working Papers, Red Nacional de Investigadores en Economía (RedNIE), number 115, Feb.
• Terry Fitzgerald & Callum Jones & Mariano Kulish & Juan Pablo Nicolini, 2022, "Is There a Stable Relationship between Unemployment and Future Inflation?," Working Papers, Red Nacional de Investigadores en Economía (RedNIE), number 159, Jul.
• Callum Jones & Mariano Kulish & Juan Pablo Nicolini, 2022, "Priors and the Slope of the Phillips Curve," Working Papers, Red Nacional de Investigadores en Economía (RedNIE), number 165, Aug.
• Callum Jones & Mariano Kulish & James Morley, 2022, "A Structural Measure of the Shadow Federal Funds Rate," Working Papers, Red Nacional de Investigadores en Economía (RedNIE), number 170, Aug.
• Carlos Brenes-Soto & Susan Jiménez-Montero & Carlos Segura-Rodriguez, 2022, "The 2008 Financial Crisis and its effect in the Equilibrium Exchange Rate in Costa Rica," Documentos de Trabajo, Banco Central de Costa Rica, number 2206, Nov.
• Marek Dabrowski, 2022, "Thirty years of economic transition in the former Soviet Union: Macroeconomic dimension," Russian Journal of Economics, ARPHA Platform, volume 8, issue 2, pages 95-121, July, DOI: 10.32609/j.ruje.8.90947.
• Shweta Sikhwal, 2022, "Effects of US interest rate shocks in the emerging market economies: Evidence from panel structural VAR," Russian Journal of Economics, ARPHA Platform, volume 8, issue 3, pages 234-254, October, DOI: 10.32609/j.ruje.8.89717.
• Jan Ditzen & Yiannis Karavias & Joakim Westerlund, 2022, "Multiple Structural Breaks in Interactive Effects Panel Data and the Impact of Quantitative Easing on Bank Lending," Papers, arXiv.org, number 2211.06707, Nov, revised Jan 2023.
• Tihana Skrinjaric & Maja Bukovsak, 2022, "Improving The Calibration Of Countercyclical Capital Buffer: New Indicators Of Credit Gap In Croatia," Economic Thought and Practice, Department of Economics and Business, University of Dubrovnik, volume 31, issue 2, pages 541-568, december, DOI: 10.17818/EMIP/2022/2.10.
• Charumathi Balakrishnan & Habeebu Rahman, 2022, "Does the United States Bond Yield Affect Foreign Institutional Investor Inflows to India and Indian Stock Market?," Asian Economics Letters, Asia-Pacific Applied Economics Association, volume 3, issue 4, pages 1-7, DOI: 2022/11/08.
• Apica Sharma, 2022, "Expectations Channel of the Monetary Policy in India - A Structural Factor Augmented VAR Approach," Asian Economics Letters, Asia-Pacific Applied Economics Association, volume 3, issue 4, pages 1-10, DOI: 2022/11/08.
• Tural Yusifzada, 2022, "Response of Inflation to the Climate Stress: Evidence from Azerbaijan," Working Papers, Central Bank of Azerbaijan Republic, number 2202, Sep.
• Ayaz Museyibov, 2022, "Review of the Role of the Banking System in Economic Security," The Scientific-Analytical Journal "Economic Reforms", Center for Analysis of Economic Reforms and Communication of the Republic of Azerbaijan, volume 2022, issue 2, pages 67-75, August.
• Alberto Majocchi & Olimpia Fontana, 2022, "Towards a revision of the Stability and Growth Pact," Policy Papers, Fondazione CSF, number 49, Jan.
• Olimpia Fontana, 2022, "Carbon Pricing and Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: for a European Union Global Strategy," Policy Papers, Fondazione CSF, number 52, May.
• Olimpia Fontana & Luca Gasbarro, 2022, "European Fiscal Capacity and New Own Resources: Proposals and Scenarios," Research Papers, Fondazione CSF, number 264, Jun.
• Gabriele Casano, 2022, "Next Generation Africa: Opportunities and Challenges of a New Instrument Reallocating European SDRs to the African Continent," Research Papers, Fondazione CSF, number 585, Feb.
• Annamaria Viterbo, 2022, "The Reallocation of Special Drawing Rights to the Benefit of the African Continent: a Proposal for Euro Area Countries," Research Papers, Fondazione CSF, number 598, Feb.
• Donato Masciandaro & Riccardo Russo, 2022, "Central Banks and Climate Policy: Unpleasant Trade–Offs? A Principal–Agent Approach," BAFFI CAREFIN Working Papers, BAFFI CAREFIN, Centre for Applied Research on International Markets Banking Finance and Regulation, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy, number 22181.
• Donato Masciandaro & Oana Peia & Davide Romelli, 2022, "Central Bank Communication and Social Media: From Silence to Twitter," BAFFI CAREFIN Working Papers, BAFFI CAREFIN, Centre for Applied Research on International Markets Banking Finance and Regulation, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy, number 22187.
• Olga Tereshchenko, 2022, "Currency Market And Mechanisms Of Its Regulation In The System Of Economic Security Of The State," Three Seas Economic Journal, Publishing house "Baltija Publishing", volume 3, issue 1, DOI: 10.30525/2661-5150/2022-1-26.
• Nikolay Nenovsky & Tsvetelina Marinova, 2022, "The first steps of the lender of last resort in Bulgaria. History and debates during the Great Depression," Economic Thought journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 1, pages 28-53.
• Daisuke Ikeda & Shangshang Li & Sophocles Mavroeidis & Francesco Zanetti, 2022, "Testing the effectiveness of unconventional monetary policy in Japan and the United States," BCAM Working Papers, Birkbeck Centre for Applied Macroeconomics, number 2205, Oct.
• Jing Yang & Hélène Desgagnés & Grzegorz Halaj & Yaz Terajima, 2022, "COVID and Financial Stability: Practice Ahead of Theory," Discussion Papers, Bank of Canada, number 2022-18, Aug, DOI: 10.34989/sdp-2022-18.
• Cameron MacDonald & Laura Zhao, 2022, "Stablecoins and Their Risks to Financial Stability," Discussion Papers, Bank of Canada, number 2022-20, Nov, DOI: 10.34989/sdp-2022-20.
• Francisco Rivadeneyra & Nellie Zhang, 2022, "Payment Coordination and Liquidity Efficiency in the New Canadian Wholesale Payments System," Discussion Papers, Bank of Canada, number 2022-3, Feb, DOI: 10.34989/sdp-2022-3.
• Joel Wagner & Tudor Schlanger & Yang Zhang, 2022, "A Horse Race of Alternative Monetary Policy Regimes Under Bounded Rationality," Discussion Papers, Bank of Canada, number 2022-4, Feb, DOI: 10.34989/sdp-2022-4.
• Antoine Camous & Dmitry Matveev, 2022, "The Central Bank Strikes Back! Credibility of Monetary Policy under Fiscal Influence," Staff Working Papers, Bank of Canada, number 22-11, Mar, DOI: 10.34989/swp-2022-11.
• Edouard Djeutem & Mario He & Abeer Reza & Yang Zhang, 2022, "Household Heterogeneity and the Performance of Monetary Policy Frameworks," Staff Working Papers, Bank of Canada, number 22-12, Mar, DOI: 10.34989/swp-2022-12.
• Michelle Alexopoulos & Xinfen Han & Oleksiy Kryvtsov & Xu Zhang, 2022, "More Than Words: Fed Chairs’ Communication During Congressional Testimonies," Staff Working Papers, Bank of Canada, number 22-20, May, DOI: 10.34989/swp-2022-20.
• Olena Kostyshyna & Luba Petersen & Jing Yang, 2022, "A Horse Race of Monetary Policy Regimes: An Experimental Investigation," Staff Working Papers, Bank of Canada, number 22-33, Jul, DOI: 10.34989/swp-2022-33.
• Martin Harding & Rafael Wouters, 2022, "Risk and State-Dependent Financial Frictions," Staff Working Papers, Bank of Canada, number 22-37, Aug, DOI: 10.34989/swp-2022-37.
• Paul Beaudry & Thomas J. Carter & Amartya Lahiri, 2022, "Looking Through Supply Shocks versus Controlling Inflation Expectations: Understanding the Central Bank Dilemma," Staff Working Papers, Bank of Canada, number 22-41, Sep, DOI: 10.34989/swp-2022-41.
• Rod Garratt & Sofia Priazhkina, 2022, "Regulatory Requirements of Banks and Arbitrage in the Post-Crisis Federal Funds Market," Staff Working Papers, Bank of Canada, number 22-48, Nov, DOI: 10.34989/swp-2022-48.
• Shang-Jin Wei & Yinxi Xie, 2022, "On the Wedge Between the PPI and CPI Inflation Indicators," Staff Working Papers, Bank of Canada, number 22-5, Jan, DOI: 10.34989/swp-2022-5.
• Christopher McMahon & Donald McGillivray & Ajit Desai & Francisco Rivadeneyra & Jean-Paul Lam & Thomas Lo & Danica Marsden & Vladimir Skavysh, 2022, "Improving the Efficiency of Payments Systems Using Quantum Computing," Staff Working Papers, Bank of Canada, number 22-53, Dec, DOI: 10.34989/swp-2022-53.
• Vivian Chu & Yang Zhang, 2022, "Harnessing the benefit of state-contingent forward guidance," Staff Analytical Notes, Bank of Canada, number 2022-13, Sep, DOI: 10.34989/san-2022-13.
• N. Denisa Naidin & Sofie R. Waltl & Michael H. Ziegelmeyer, 2022, "Objectified Housing Sales and Rent Prices in Representative Household Surveys: the Impact on Macroeconomic Statistics," BCL working papers, Central Bank of Luxembourg, number 160, Jun.
• Alejandro Díaz de León Carrillo, 2022, "Challenges and Lessons from Central Banks in the Pandemic," Ensayos Económicos, Central Bank of Argentina, Economic Research Department, volume 1, issue 79, pages 169-183, May.
• Julio Velarde, 2022, "The Challenges for Central Banking for the Next Years," Ensayos Económicos, Central Bank of Argentina, Economic Research Department, volume 1, issue 79, pages 199-205, May.
• Sebastian Katz, 2022, "What are Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC)? An introduction to their main features, opportunities and potential risks," BCRA Working Paper Series, Central Bank of Argentina, Economic Research Department, number 2022100, Apr.
• M.ª Carmen Castillo Lozoya & Enrique Esteban García-Escudero, 2022, "El efecto de las TLTRO III en el balance de las entidades de crédito españolas," Boletín Económico, Banco de España, issue 2/2022.
• M.ª Carmen Castillo Lozoya & Enrique Esteban García-Escudero & M.ª Luisa Pérez Ortiz, 2022, "The effect of TLTRO III on Spanish credit institutions' balance sheets," Economic Bulletin, Banco de España, issue 2/2022.
• Pana Alves & Sergio Mayordomo & Manuel Ruiz-García, 2022, "La financiación empresarial en los mercados de renta fija: la contribución de la política monetaria a mitigar la barrera del tamaño," Occasional Papers, Banco de España, number 2209, May.
• Pana Alves & Sergio Mayordomo & Manuel Ruiz-García, 2022, "Corporate financing in fixed-income markets: the contribution of monetary policy to lowering the size barrier," Occasional Papers, Banco de España, number 2209, May.
• Adrián Carro & Marc Hinterschweiger & Arzu Uluc & J. Doyne Farmer, 2022, "Heterogeneous effects and spillovers of macroprudential policy in an agent-based model of the UK housing market," Working Papers, Banco de España, number 2217, May.
• Stéphane Dupraz & Hervé Le Bihan & Julien Matheron, 2022, "Make-up Strategies with Finite Planning Horizons but Forward-Looking Asset Prices," Working Papers, Banco de España, number 2218, May.
• Adrian Carro, 2022, "Could Spain be less different? Exploring the effects of macroprudential policy on the house price cycle," Working Papers, Banco de España, number 2230, Sep.
• Daniel Santabárbara & Marta Suárez-Varela, 2022, "Carbon pricing and inflation volatility," Working Papers, Banco de España, number 2231, Sep.
• Peter Paz, 2022, "Bank capitalization heterogeneity and monetary policy," Working Papers, Banco de España, number 2234, Oct.
• María Alejandra Amado, 2022, "Macroprudential FX Regulations: Sacrificing Small Firms for Stability?," Working Papers, Banco de España, number 2236, Oct.
• Carmen Broto & Luis Fernández Lafuerza & Mariya Melnychuk, 2022, "Do buffer requirements for european systemically important banks make them less systemic?," Working Papers, Banco de España, number 2243, Dec, DOI: https://doi.org/10.53479/24876.
• Riccardo De Bonis & Giuseppe Ferrero, 2022, "Technological progress and institutional adaptations: the case of the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 690, Apr.
• Alberto Di Iorio & Giorgia Rocco, 2022, "Easier said than done: why Italians pay in cash while preferring cashless," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 731, Nov.
• Gianluca Mosconi & Paola Antilici & Luigi Russo, 2022, "When financial innovation and sustainable finance meet:Sustainability-Linked Bonds," Mercati, infrastrutture, sistemi di pagamento (Markets, Infrastructures, Payment Systems), Bank of Italy, Directorate General for Markets and Payment System, number 22, Apr.
• Marc Glowka & Alexander Müller & Livia Polo Friz & Sara Testi & Massimo Valentini & Stefano Vespucci, 2022, "TARGET2 analytical tools for regulatory compliance," Mercati, infrastrutture, sistemi di pagamento (Markets, Infrastructures, Payment Systems), Bank of Italy, Directorate General for Markets and Payment System, number 29, Dec.
• Alessandro Ferrari & Valerio Nispi Landi, 2022, "Toward a green economy: the role of central bank's asset purchases," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 1358, Feb.
• Edoardo Rainone, 2022, "Currency demand at negative policy rates," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 1359, Feb.
• Valerio Astuti & Alessio Ciarlone & Alberto Coco, 2022, "The role of central bank communication in inflation-targeting Eastern European emerging economies," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 1381, Oct.
• Luisa Corrado & Daniela Fantozzi & Simona Giglioli, 2022, "Real-time inequalities and policies during the pandemic in the US," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 1396, Dec.
• André Marine Charlotte & Medina Espidio Sebastián, 2022, "Optimal Robust Monetary Policy in a Small Open Economy," Working Papers, Banco de México, number 2022-17, Dec.
• Carlos A. Arango-Arango & Ana Carolina Ramirez-Pineda & Manuela Restrepo-Bernal, 2022, "Person-to-business Instant payments: could they work in Colombia?," Borradores de Economia, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, number 1192, Feb, DOI: 10.32468/be.1192.
• José Bran-Guevara & Luisa Fernanda Hernández-Ávila & Daniela McAllister-Harker, 2022, "Servicios Financieros Digitales en Colombia: Una caracterización y análisis de riesgos potenciales," Borradores de Economia, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, number 1193, Feb, DOI: 10.32468/be.1193.
• Julian A. Parra-Polania & Andrés Sánchez-Jabba & Miguel Sarmiento, 2022, "Oral FX Interventions in Emerging Markets: the Colombian case," Borradores de Economia, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, number 1194, Feb, DOI: 10.32468/be.1194.
• Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas & Lucía Arango-Lozano & Geraldine Castelblanco & Nicolás Fajardo-Baquero & Maria A. Ruiz-Sanchez, 2022, "The effects of Monetary Policy on Capital Flows A Meta-Analysis," Borradores de Economia, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, number 1204, Aug, DOI: 10.32468/be.1204.
• Miguel Sarmiento, 2022, "Sudden Yield Reversals and Financial Intermediation in Emerging Markets," Borradores de Economia, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, number 1210, Oct, DOI: 10.32468/be.1210.
• María Fernanda Meneses-González & Angélica María Lizarazo-Cuellar & Diego Fernando Cuesta-Mora & Daniel Osorio-Rodríguez, 2022, "Financial Development and Monetary Policy Transmission," Borradores de Economia, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, number 1219, Nov, DOI: 10.32468/be.1219.
• Vesna Martin, 2022, "Interest Rate Benchmark Reforms In Euro Zone And United States," Ekonomske ideje i praksa, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Belgrade, issue 44, pages 1-15, March.
• Stojan Janković, 2022, "Analiza Poslovnih I Finansijskih Rezultata Privrede Srbije U Periodu 2014-2020., Sa Osvrtom Na Doprinos Narodne Banke Srbije (Analysis Of Operating And Financial Results Of The Corporate Sector In Serbia In The Period 2014-2020, With Reference To The," Ekonomske ideje i praksa, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Belgrade, issue 44, pages 55-73, March.
• Radovan Kovačević, 2022, "Finansijske Krize I Devizne Rezerve Zemalja U Tranziciji I Zemalja U Razvoju (The Financial Crises And Foreign Exchange Reserves In The Countries In Transition And Developing Countries)," Ekonomske ideje i praksa, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Belgrade, issue 46, pages 13-29, September.