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Banks’ Balance-Sheet Costs, Monetary Policy, and the ON RRP

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Abstract

In June 2022, the Federal Reserve started reducing the size of its balance sheet, which had expanded to just under $9 trillion in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, whereas banks’ reserves at the Federal Reserve have decreased, the investment of money market funds (MMFs) at the Federal Reserve’s overnight reverse repo (ON RRP) facility has continued to increase, reaching $2.4 trillion in September 2022. In this paper, we causally identify the drivers of ON RRP take-up through a diff-in-diff approach. By exploiting a temporary change in the computation of banks’ Supplementary Leverage Ratio (SLR) implemented in 2020-21, we show that banks’ balance sheet costs incentivize them to push deposits toward MMFs and to reduce their overnight borrowing from MMFs, leading to an increase in MMF investment at the ON RRP. Furthermore, we show that monetary policy tightening, and Treasury bill scarcity are two additional factors contributing to the recent increase in ON RRP usage.

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  • Gara Afonso & Marco Cipriani & Gabriele La Spada, 2022. "Banks’ Balance-Sheet Costs, Monetary Policy, and the ON RRP," Staff Reports 1041, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fednsr:95362
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Alena Kang-Landsberg & Matthew Plosser, 2022. "How Do Deposit Rates Respond to Monetary Policy?," Liberty Street Economics 20221121, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    balance sheet constraints; banks; leverage ratio; monetary policy; money market funds; overnight reverse repo (ON RRP);
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • E41 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Demand for Money
    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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