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The Cross Section of Bank Value

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  • Mark Egan
  • Stefan Lewellen
  • Adi Sunderam

Abstract

We study the determinants of value creation in U.S. commercial banks. We develop novel measures of individual banks’ productivities at collecting deposits and making loans, which we relate to bank market values. We find that deposit productivity is responsible for two-thirds of the value of the median bank and most variation in value across banks. Variation in productivity is driven by differences across banks in technology, customer demographics, and market power. We also find evidence of synergies between deposit-taking and lending. Our findings suggest that there is significant heterogeneity in banks’ abilities to capture value by manufacturing safe assets.

Suggested Citation

  • Mark Egan & Stefan Lewellen & Adi Sunderam, 2017. "The Cross Section of Bank Value," NBER Working Papers 23291, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23291
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    2. Denbee, Edward & Julliard, Christian & Li, Ye & Yuan, Kathy, 2021. "Network risk and key players: A structural analysis of interbank liquidity," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(3), pages 831-859.
    3. Carletti, Elena & De Marco, Filippo & Ioannidou, Vasso & Sette, Enrico, 2021. "Banks as patient lenders: Evidence from a tax reform," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(1), pages 6-26.
    4. Riccardo Ferretti & Giovanni Gallo & Andrea Landi & Valeria Venturelli, 2018. "Market-Book Ratios of European Banks: What Does Explain the Structural Fall?," Centro Studi di Banca e Finanza (CEFIN) (Center for Studies in Banking and Finance) 18011, Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Economia "Marco Biagi".
    5. Constantin Bürgi & Bo Jiang, 2022. "Monetary Policy, Funding Cost and Banks’ Risk-Taking: Evidence from the United States," CESifo Working Paper Series 9995, CESifo.
    6. Kairong Xiao & Francesca Cornelli, 2020. "Monetary Transmission through Shadow Banks," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 33(6), pages 2379-2420.
    7. Valeria Venturelli & Andrea Landi & Riccardo Ferretti & Stefano Cosma & Elisabetta Gualandri, 2021. "How does the financial market evaluate business models? Evidence from European banks," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 50(2), July.
    8. Marcin Kacperczyk & Christophe Pérignon & Guillaume Vuillemey, 2021. "The Private Production of Safe Assets," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 76(2), pages 495-535, April.
    9. Franzoni, Francesco & Di Maggio, Marco & Egan, Mark, 2019. "The Value of Intermediation in the Stock Market," CEPR Discussion Papers 13936, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    10. Riccardo Ferretti & Giovanni Gallo & Andrea Landi & Valeria Venturelli, 2018. "Market-Book Ratios of European Banks: What Does Explain the Structural Fall?," Centro Studi di Banca e Finanza (CEFIN) (Center for Studies in Banking and Finance) 0065, Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Economia "Marco Biagi".
    11. Greg Buchak & Gregor Matvos & Tomasz Piskorski & Amit Seru, 2018. "Beyond the Balance Sheet Model of Banking: Implications for Bank Regulation and Monetary Policy," NBER Working Papers 25149, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    12. Mark Egan & Alexander MacKay & Hanbin Yang, 2022. "Recovering Investor Expectations from Demand for Index Funds [American Association of Individual Investors (AAII) Investor Sentiment Survey]," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 89(5), pages 2559-2599.
    13. Shusen Qi & Ralph De Haas & Steven Ongena & Stefan Straetmans & Tamas Vadasz, 2017. "Move a Little Closer? Information Sharing and the Spatial Clustering of Bank Branches," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series 17-74, Swiss Finance Institute, revised Jun 2023.
    14. Bo Jiang & Hector Tzavellas & Xiaoying Yang, 2022. "Deposit Competition, Interbank Market, and Bank Profit," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-15, April.
    15. Juliane Begenau, 2018. "Comment on "Government Guarantees and the Valuation of American Banks"," NBER Chapters, in: NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2018, volume 33, pages 146-156, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    16. Marco Di Maggio & Mark L. Egan & Francesco Franzoni, 2019. "The Value of Intermediation in the Stock Market," NBER Working Papers 26147, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    17. Aldasoro, Iñaki & Balke, Florian & Barth, Andreas & Eren, Egemen, 2022. "Spillovers of funding dry-ups," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    18. Qi Chen & Itay Goldstein & Zeqiong Huang & Rahul Vashishtha, 2020. "Liquidity Transformation and Fragility in the US Banking Sector," NBER Working Papers 27815, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    19. Joseph P. Hughes & Loretta J. Mester, 2018. "The Performance of Financial Institutions: Modeling, Evidence, and Some Policy Implications," Departmental Working Papers 201805, Rutgers University, Department of Economics.
    20. Amina Enkhbold, 2023. "Monetary Policy Transmission, Bank Market Power, and Wholesale Funding Reliance," Staff Working Papers 23-35, Bank of Canada.
    21. Hailey Ballew & Michael Iselin & Allison Nicoletti, 2022. "Accounting-based thresholds and growth decisions in the banking industry," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 27(1), pages 232-274, March.
    22. Wang, Olivier, 2020. "Banks, low interest rates, and monetary policy transmission," Working Paper Series 2492, European Central Bank.
    23. Schelling, Tan & Towbin, Pascal, 2021. "Tiers of Joy? Reserve Tiering and Bank Behavior in a Negative-Rate Environment," CEPR Discussion Papers 16191, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.

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    JEL classification:

    • G2 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

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