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The Private Production of Safe Assets

Author

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  • Perignon, Christophe

  • Vuillemey, Guillaume

  • Kacperczyk, Marcin T.

Abstract

Do claims on the private sector serve the role of safe assets? We answer this question using high-frequency panel data on prices and quantities of certificates of deposit (CD) and commercial paper (CP) issued in Europe. We show that only very short-term private securities benefit from a premium for safety. Using several identification strategies, we show that the issuance of short-term CDs, but not of CPs, strongly responds to measures of safety demand. The private production of safe assets is stronger for issuers with high credit worthiness, and breaks down during episodes of market stress. We conclude that even very short-term private assets are sensitive to changes in the information environment and should not be treated as equally safe at all times.

Suggested Citation

  • Perignon, Christophe & Vuillemey, Guillaume & Kacperczyk, Marcin T., 2017. "The Private Production of Safe Assets," HEC Research Papers Series 1212, HEC Paris, revised 26 Oct 2017.
    • Handle: RePEc:ebg:heccah:1212
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    Cited by:

    1. Sven Klingler & Olav Syrstad, 2021. "Disclosing the Undisclosed: Commercial Paper As Hidden Liquidity Suffers," Working Paper 2021/16, Norges Bank.
    2. Madalen Castells Jauregui & Björn Richter & Dmitry Kuvshinov & Victoria Vanasco, 2024. "Foreign Demand for Safety and Macroeconomic Instability," Working Papers 1438, Barcelona School of Economics.
    3. Schmidt, Kirsten, 2019. "Does liquidity regulation impede the liquidity profile of collateral?," Working Paper Series 2256, European Central Bank.
    4. Castells Jauregui, Madalen & Kuvshinov, Dmitry & Richter, Björn & Vanasco, Victoria, 2024. "Sectoral dynamics of safe assets in advanced economies," CEPR Discussion Papers 19025, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    5. Chen, Qi & Goldstein, Itay & Huang, Zeqiong & Vashishtha, Rahul, 2022. "Bank transparency and deposit flows," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(2), pages 475-501.
    6. Benedikt Ballensiefen & Angelo Ranaldo, 2023. "Safe Asset Carry Trade," The Review of Asset Pricing Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 13(2), pages 223-265.
    7. Passmore, Wayne & Temesvary, Judit, 2022. "How investor demands for safety influence bank capital and liquidity trade-offs," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    8. Lugo, Stefano, 2021. "Short-term debt catering," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    9. Toni Ahnert & Enrico Perotti, 2018. "Seeking Safety," Staff Working Papers 18-41, Bank of Canada.
    10. Infante, Sebastian, 2020. "Private money creation with safe assets and term premia," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(3), pages 828-856.
    11. Castells-Jauregui, Madalen & Kuvshinov, Dmitry & Richter, Björn & Vanasco, Victoria, 2025. "Foreign demand for safety and macroeconomic instability," Working Paper Series 3126, European Central Bank.
    12. Aurélien Espic, 2024. "Public debt as private liquidity: the Poincaré experience (1926–1929)," Post-Print hal-04590073, HAL.
    13. Jean Barthélemy & Paul Gardin & Benoit Nguyen, 2023. "Stablecoins and the Financing of the Real Economy," Working papers 908, Banque de France.
    14. Pelizzon, Loriana & Riedel, Max & Simon, Zorka & Subrahmanyam, Marti G., 2024. "Collateral eligibility of corporate debt in the Eurosystem," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    15. Perotti, Enrico & Terovitis, Spyros, 2025. "Achieving safety: Personal, private, and public provision," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    16. Ragnar Juelsrud & Plamen Nenov & Fabienne Schneider & Olav Syrstad, 2025. "Money Talks: Transaction Costs, the Value of Convenience, and the Cross-Section of Safe Asset Returns," Staff Working Papers 25-34, Bank of Canada.
    17. Antoine Baena & Thomas Garcia, 2023. "Swing Pricing et dynamique des flux au regard de la crise Covid-19," Working papers 914, Banque de France.
    18. Jackson, Timothy & Pennacchi, George, 2021. "How should governments create liquidity?," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 281-295.
    19. Wayne Passmore & Judit Temesvary, 2020. "Investor Demands for Safety, Bank Capital, and Liquidity Measurement," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2020-079, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

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