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Automation in an estimated small open economy model

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  • Nikolaos Charalampidis
  • Mananirina Razafitsiory

Abstract

To shed light on the causes and consequences of automation decisions, this paper introduces robots replacing workers in a small open economy model with search and matching frictions and capital, estimated for the Canadian economy. A technological factor, the automation‐specific technology, drives the probability of a firm to automate and, thereby, generates productivity gains and influences the fluctuations in productivity, investment, and the labour income share. Such a technology triggers a pro‐cyclical labour displacement effect that exceeds its job creation effect but the net result on unemployment is quantitatively small, rendering it a small contributing force to unemployment fluctuations. A model with automation decisions fits better the data than models without them, influences the relative importance of supply‐side and labour‐market sources of business cycles, yields wage rigidity, and amplifies the volatility of productivity. Automatisation dans un modèle estimé d'une petite économie ouverte. Afin de comprendre les causes et les conséquences des décisions en matière d'automatisation, le présent article présente un modèle où des robots remplacent les travailleurs dans une petite économie ouverte, avec des frictions de recherche et d'appariement et du capital, estimé pour l'économie canadienne. Un facteur technologique – la technologie propre à l'automatisation – agit sur la probabilité qu'une société s'automatise et, par conséquent, génère des gains de productivité et influence les fluctuations de la productivité, des investissements et de la part du revenu du travail. Une telle technologie déclenche un effet de déplacement de main‐d'œuvre procyclique qui dépasse son effet de création d'emplois, mais le résultat net sur le chômage est quantitativement faible, ce qui fait qu'elle ne contribue que faiblement aux fluctuations du chômage. Un modèle intégrant des décisions d'automatisation correspond mieux aux données que les modèles qui n'en comportent pas, influence l'importance relative des facteurs liés à l'offre et au marché du travail dans les cycles économiques, entraîne une rigidité salariale et amplifie la volatilité de la productivité.

Suggested Citation

  • Nikolaos Charalampidis & Mananirina Razafitsiory, 2025. "Automation in an estimated small open economy model," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 58(3), pages 1017-1043, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:58:y:2025:i:3:p:1017-1043
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.70012
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