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Research on long-term care insurance: status quo and directions for future research

Author

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  • Martin Eling

    (University of St. Gallen)

  • Omid Ghavibazoo

    (University of St. Gallen)

Abstract

We provide a structured literature review of long-term care (LTC) insurance using main path analysis, a mathematical tool to identify the most significant paths in a citation network. We identify three major research areas (financing, demand, and insurability) and systematically evaluate them based on standard frameworks. We further review established and innovative (insurance) solutions for LTC financing. Our results illustrate the immense difficulties of insuring LTC both on the demand side (e.g., low value of consumption while in care, existence of substitutes) and supply side (e.g., lack of predictability and asymmetric information), explaining the marginal contribution of insurance mechanisms to LTC financing. Combined products that bundle the risks, and public–private partnerships that integrate LTC into the pension systems might help to overcome the insurability limitations. In addition, alternative financing methods that go beyond the idea of risk pooling (LTC bond, LTC put option, equity release) could help to improve the sustainability of LTC financing.

Suggested Citation

  • Martin Eling & Omid Ghavibazoo, 2019. "Research on long-term care insurance: status quo and directions for future research," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 44(2), pages 303-356, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:gpprii:v:44:y:2019:i:2:d:10.1057_s41288-018-00114-6
    DOI: 10.1057/s41288-018-00114-6
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    2. Lambregts, Timo R. & Schut, Frederik T., 2020. "Displaced, disliked and misunderstood: A systematic review of the reasons for low uptake of long-term care insurance and life annuities," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 17(C).
    3. Eling, Martin & Ghavibazoo, Omid & Hanewald, Katja, 2021. "Willingness to take financial risks and insurance holdings: A European survey," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    4. Ye Han & Tong Shen, 2022. "Long-Term Care Insurance Pilot Programme in China: Policy Evaluation and Optimization Options—Taking the Pilot Programme in the Northeast of China as an Example," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-18, April.
    5. Edouard Augustin Ribes, 2021. "How does education influence individuals' use of bequests as a long-term care insurance?," Working Papers hal-03498481, HAL.
    6. Manuel Ventura-Marco & Carlos Vidal-Meliá & Juan Manuel Pérez-Salamero González, 2022. "Life care annuities to help couples cope with the cost of long-term care," Documentos de Trabajo del ICAE 2022-03, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Instituto Complutense de Análisis Económico.
    7. Long Xia & Lulu Chai & Hanyu Zhang & Zhaohui Sun, 2022. "Mapping the Global Landscape of Long-Term Care Insurance Research: A Scientometric Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-19, June.

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    5. Joan Costa‐Font & Christophe Courbage, 2015. "Crowding Out of Long‐Term Care Insurance: Evidence from European Expectations Data," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(S1), pages 74-88, March.
    6. Katerina Gousia, 2023. "Cognitive abilities and long-term care insurance: evidence from European data," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 48(1), pages 68-101, January.
    7. Sergi Jiménez‐Martín & José M. Labeaga‐Azcona & Cristina Vilaplana‐Prieto, 2016. "Interactions between Private Health and Long‐term Care Insurance and the Effects of the Crisis: Evidence for Spain," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 25(S2), pages 159-179, November.
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