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The underground economy: Tracking the higher-order economic impacts of the São Paulo Subway System

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  • Haddad, Eduardo A.
  • Hewings, Geoffrey J.D.
  • Porsse, Alexandre A.
  • Van Leeuwen, Eveline S.
  • Vieira, Renato S.

Abstract

Over one million workers commute daily to São Paulo City center, using different modes of transportation. The São Paulo subway network reaches 74.2km of length and is involved in around 20% of the commuting trips by public transportation, enhancing mobility and productivity of workers. This paper uses an integrated framework to assess the higher-order economic impacts of the existing underground metro infrastructure. We consider links between mobility, accessibility and labor productivity in the context of a detailed metropolitan system embedded in the national economy. Simulation results from a spatial computable general equilibrium model integrated to a transportation model suggest positive economic impacts that go beyond the city limits. While 32% of the impacts accrue to the city of São Paulo, the remaining 68% benefit other municipalities in the metropolitan area (11%), in the State of São Paulo (12.0%) and in the rest of the country (45%).

Suggested Citation

  • Haddad, Eduardo A. & Hewings, Geoffrey J.D. & Porsse, Alexandre A. & Van Leeuwen, Eveline S. & Vieira, Renato S., 2015. "The underground economy: Tracking the higher-order economic impacts of the São Paulo Subway System," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 18-30.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transa:v:73:y:2015:i:c:p:18-30
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2014.12.011
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    2. Amaral Haddad, Eduardo & Lozano-Gracia, Nancy & Germani, Eduardo & Vieira, Renato & Nakamura, Shohei & Skoufias, Emmanuel & Bianchi Alves, Bianca, 2018. "Mobility in Cities: Distributional Impact Analysis of Transportation Improvement in São Paulo Metropolitan Region," TD NEREUS 4-2018, Núcleo de Economia Regional e Urbana da Universidade de São Paulo (NEREUS).
    3. Ciyun Lin & Kang Wang & Dayong Wu & Bowen Gong, 2020. "Passenger Flow Prediction Based on Land Use around Metro Stations: A Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-22, August.
    4. Zheng, Siqi & Hu, Xiaoke & Wang, Jianghao & Wang, Rui, 2016. "Subways near the subway: Rail transit and neighborhood catering businesses in Beijing," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 81-92.
    5. Haddad, Eduardo Amaral & Lozano-Gracia, Nancy & Germani, Eduardo & Vieira, Renato S. & Nakamura, Shohei & Skoufias, Emmanuel & Alves, Bianca Bianchi, 2019. "Mobility in cities: Distributional impact analysis of transportation improvements in São Paulo Metropolitan Region," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 125-142.
    6. Sass, Karina Simone & Haddad, Eduardo Amaral & Mendiondo, Eduardo Mario, 2023. "Impacts of Droughts on Economic Activities in The São Paulo Metropolitan Area," TD NEREUS 4-2023, Núcleo de Economia Regional e Urbana da Universidade de São Paulo (NEREUS).
    7. Eduardo A. Haddad & Jesús P. Mena-Chalco, Otavio J. G. Sidone, 2015. "Scholarly Collaboration in Regional Science in Developing Countries: The Case of the Brazilian REAL Network," Working Papers, Department of Economics 2015_12, University of São Paulo (FEA-USP).
    8. Betarelli, Admir Antonio & Domingues, Edson Paulo & Hewings, Geoffrey John Dennis, 2020. "Transport policy, rail freight sector and market structure: The economic effects in Brazil," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 1-23.
    9. Eduardo A. Haddad & Jesús P. Mena-Chalco & Otávio J. G. Sidone, 2017. "Scholarly Collaboration in Regional Science in Developing Countries," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 40(5), pages 500-529, September.
    10. Robson, Edward N. & Wijayaratna, Kasun P. & Dixit, Vinayak V., 2018. "A review of computable general equilibrium models for transport and their applications in appraisal," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 31-53.
    11. Proque, Andressa Lemes & Betarelli Junior, Admir Antonio & Perobelli, Fernando Salgueiro, 2022. "Fuel tax, cross subsidy and transport: Assessing the effects on income and consumption distribution in Brazil," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    12. Soares, N. & Martins, A.G. & Carvalho, A.L. & Caldeira, C. & Du, C. & Castanheira, É. & Rodrigues, E. & Oliveira, G. & Pereira, G.I. & Bastos, J. & Ferreira, J.P. & Ribeiro, L.A. & Figueiredo, N.C. & , 2018. "The challenging paradigm of interrelated energy systems towards a more sustainable future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 171-193.
    13. Bartlomiej Rokicki & Eduardo A. Haddad & Jonathan M. Horridge & Marcin Stępniak, 2021. "Accessibility in the regional CGE framework: the effects of major transport infrastructure investments in Poland," Transportation, Springer, vol. 48(2), pages 747-772, April.

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