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When Is Foreign Exchange Intervention Effective? Evidence from 33 Countries

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Beck, Roland & Berganza, Juan Carlos & Brüggemann, Axel & Cezar, Rafael & Eijking, Carlijn & Eller, Markus & Fuentes, Alberto & Alves, Joel Graça & Kreitz, Lilian & Marsilli, Clement & Moder, Isabella, 2023. "Recent advances in the literature on capital flow management," Occasional Paper Series 317, European Central Bank.
  2. Sigal Ribon, 2017. "Why the Bank of Israel Intervenes in the Foreign Exchange Market, and What Happens to the Exchange Rate," Bank of Israel Working Papers 2017.04, Bank of Israel.
  3. Milan Nedeljkovic & Christian Saborowski, 2019. "The Relative Effectiveness of Spot and Derivatives‐Based Intervention," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 51(6), pages 1455-1490, September.
  4. Michel Strawczynski, 2018. "Book Review: The Israeli Economy By Joseph Zeira," Israel Economic Review, Bank of Israel, vol. 16(1), pages 105-112.
  5. Kathryn M. E. Dominguez, 0. "Revisiting Exchange Rate Rules," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 0, pages 1-27.
  6. Arango-Lozano, Lucía & Menkhoff, Lukas & Rodríguez-Novoa, Daniela & Villamizar-Villegas, Mauricio, 2024. "The effectiveness of FX interventions: A meta-analysis," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
  7. Hernández, Juan R., 2025. "Covered interest parity: A forecasting approach to estimate the neutral band," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
  8. Jara, Alejandro & Piña, Marco, 2023. "Exchange rate volatility and the effectiveness of FX interventions: The case of Chile," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 4(2).
  9. J. Scott Davis & Michael B. Devereux & Changhua Yu, 2020. "Sudden Stops in Emerging Economies: The Role of World Interest Rates and Foreign Exchange Intervention," Globalization Institute Working Papers 405, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, revised 10 Sep 2021.
  10. Castillo, Paul & Medina, Juan Pablo, 2021. "Foreign Exchange Intervention, Capital Flows, and Liability Dollarization," Working Papers 2021-006, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú.
  11. Julian A. Parra-Polania & Andrés Sánchez-Jabba & Miguel Sarmiento, 2022. "Oral FX Interventions in Emerging Markets: the Colombian case," Borradores de Economia 1194, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  12. Boris Hofmann & Hyun Song Shin & Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas, 2019. "FX intervention and domestic credit: Evidence from high-frequency micro data," BIS Working Papers 774, Bank for International Settlements.
  13. Hertrich Markus, 2016. "The Costs of Implementing a Unilateral One-Sided Exchange Rate Target Zone," Review of Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 67(1), pages 91-120, May.
  14. Adler, Gustavo & Chang, Kyun Suk & Wang, Zijiao, 2021. "Patterns of foreign exchange intervention under inflation targeting," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 2(4).
  15. Shiu‐Sheng Chen & Tzu‐Yu Lin, 2019. "Do Exchange Rate Shocks Have Asymmetric Effects on Reserve Accumulation? Evidence from Emerging Markets," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 121(4), pages 1561-1586, October.
  16. Sandri, Damiano, 2023. "FX intervention to stabilize or manipulate the exchange rate? Inference from profitability," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
  17. Martins, Igor & Freitas Lopes, Hedibert, 2025. "What events matter for exchange rate volatility?," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
  18. Bonga-Bonga, Lumengo & Nyambayo, Kudznai & Mpofu, Delani, 2025. "Foreign exchange intervention and exchange rate exposure: evidence from South Africa and Japan," MPRA Paper 123763, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  19. De Santis, Roberto A., 2018. "Unobservable country bond premia and fragmentation," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 1-25.
  20. Pierre-Richard Agénor & Timothy Jackson & Luiz Awazu Pereira da Silva, 2020. "Foreign exchange intervention and financial stability," BIS Working Papers 889, Bank for International Settlements.
  21. Albagli, Elias & Ceballos, Luis & Claro, Sebastian & Romero, Damian, 2024. "UIP deviations: Insights from event studies," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
  22. David KRIZEK & Josef BRCAK, 2021. "Support for export as a non-standard Central Bank policy: foreign exchange interventions in the case of the Czech Republic," Eastern Journal of European Studies, Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 12, pages 191-218, June.
  23. Zineddine Alla & Raphael A. Espinoza & Atish R. Ghosh, 2020. "FX Intervention in the New Keynesian Model," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 52(7), pages 1755-1791, October.
  24. Frankel, Jeffrey, 2015. "The Plaza Accord, 30 Years Later," Working Paper Series 15-056, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government.
  25. Agénor, Pierre-Richard & Alper, Koray & Pereira da Silva, Luiz, 2018. "External shocks, financial volatility and reserve requirements in an open economy," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 23-43.
  26. Baruník, Jozef & Kočenda, Evžen & Vácha, Lukáš, 2017. "Asymmetric volatility connectedness on the forex market," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 39-56.
  27. repec:osf:socarx:bfehz_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
  28. Thomas Goda & Jan Priewe, 2020. "Determinants of real exchange rate movements in 15 emerging market economies," Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, Center of Political Economy, vol. 40(2), pages 214-237.
  29. Kitamura, Yoshihiro, 2020. "A lesson from the four recent large public Japanese FX interventions," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
  30. Ahmed, Rashad & Aizenman, Joshua & Jinjarak, Yothin, 2021. "Inflation and Exchange Rate Targeting Challenges Under Fiscal Dominance," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
  31. Rodnyansky, A. & Timmer, Y. & Yago, N., 2023. "Intervening against the Fed," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2357, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
  32. Magud, Nicolas E. & Pienknagura, Samuel, 2025. "Foreign exchange intervention and capital flow measures under external tail risks," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
  33. Lukas Boer, 2019. "Measuring the Effect of Foreign Exchange Intervention Policies on Exchange Rates," DIW Roundup: Politik im Fokus 128, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
  34. Kim, Minsuk & Mano, Rui C. & Mrkaic, Mico, 2024. "Do FX interventions lead to higher FX debt? Evidence from firm-level data," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
  35. Adler, Gustavo & Lisack, Noëmie & Mano, Rui C., 2019. "Unveiling the effects of foreign exchange intervention: A panel approach," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 1-1.
  36. Alain Naef & Jacob P. Weber, 2021. "Regional How Powerful is Unannounced, Sterilized Foreign Exchange Intervention?," Working papers 834, Banque de France.
  37. Tobias S. Blattner & Michael A. S. Joyce, 2020. "The Euro Area Bond Free Float and the Implications for QE," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 52(6), pages 1361-1395, September.
  38. Diniz-Maganini, Natalia & Rasheed, Abdul A. & Sheng, Hsia Hua, 2021. "Exchange rate regimes and price efficiency: Empirical examination of the impact of financial crisis," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
  39. Monnet, Eric & bazot, guillaume & Morys, Matthias, 2019. "Taming the Global Financial Cycle: Central Banks and the Sterilization of Capital Flows in the First Era of Globalization (1891," CEPR Discussion Papers 13895, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  40. Alain Naef & Jacob P. Weber, 2023. "How Powerful Is Unannounced, Sterilized Foreign Exchange Intervention?," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 55(5), pages 1307-1319, August.
  41. Samano, Agustin, 2022. "International reserves and central bank independence," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
  42. Viziniuc, Mădălin, 2021. "Winners and losers of central bank foreign exchange interventions," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 748-767.
  43. Chokri Zehri, 2022. "Conditions for the success of capital controls: The elasticity approach," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(1), pages 893-910, January.
  44. Wenbo Wang & Dieu Thanh Le & Hail Park, 2020. "Is Foreign Exchange Intervention a Panacea in Diversified Circumstances? The Perspectives of Asymmetric Effects," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-20, April.
  45. Suman Basu & Emine Boz & Gita Gopinath & Francisco Roch & Filiz Unsal, "undated". "Integrated Monetary and Financial Policies for Small Open Economies," Department of Economics Working Papers 2025-10, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella.
  46. Martin Chege Wainaina, 2025. "Impulse Response to Exchange Rate, Exports and Imports Shocks in Kenya 1990-2023," International Journal of Economics, IPRJB, vol. 10(1), pages 39-67.
  47. Cezar, Rafael & Monnet, Eric, 2023. "Capital controls and foreign reserves against external shocks: Combined or alone?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
  48. Mitsuru Katagiri, 2024. "Systematic Foreign Exchange Intervention and Macroeconomic Stability: A Bayesian DSGE Approach," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 20(2), pages 291-342, April.
  49. Dietrich Domanski & Emanuel Kohlscheen & Ramon Moreno, 2016. "Foreign exchange market intervention in EMEs: what has changed?," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, September.
  50. Zhang, Zhongxia & Svirydzenka, Katsiaryna, 2020. "Unintended Consequences of Foreign Exchange Reserve Movements? Financial Dollarization in Emerging Market Economies," MPRA Paper 120822, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  51. Filardo, Andrew & Gelos, Gaston & McGregor, Thomas, 2022. "Exchange-Rate Swings and Foreign Currency Intervention," CEPR Discussion Papers 17570, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  52. Mr. Tobias Adrian & Christopher J. Erceg & Jesper Lindé & Pawel Zabczyk & Ms. Jianping Zhou, 2020. "A Quantitative Model for the Integrated Policy Framework," IMF Working Papers 2020/122, International Monetary Fund.
  53. Fatum, Rasmus & Yamamoto, Yohei & Chen, Binwei, 2025. "The trend effect of foreign exchange intervention," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
  54. Jeffrey Frankel, 2021. "Systematic Managed Floating," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Steven J Davis & Edward S Robinson & Bernard Yeung (ed.), THE ASIAN MONETARY POLICY FORUM Insights for Central Banking, chapter 5, pages 160-221, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
  55. repec:diw:diwwpp:dp1915 is not listed on IDEAS
  56. Albrecht, Peter & Kočenda, Evžen, 2024. "Volatility connectedness on the central European forex markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
  57. Menkhoff, Lukas & Rieth, Malte & Stöhr, Tobias, 2021. "The Dynamic Impact of FX Interventions on Financial Markets," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 103(5), pages 939-953.
  58. Kugler, Peter, 2020. "The Short-Run Impact of SNB Sight Deposits on Exchange Rates: Results from Weekly Data 2015 - 2018," Working papers 2020/04, Faculty of Business and Economics - University of Basel.
  59. Marcel Fratzscher & Tobias Heidland & Lukas Menkhoff & Lucio Sarno & Maik Schmeling, 2023. "Foreign Exchange Intervention: A New Database," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 71(4), pages 852-884, December.
  60. Flavio Abanto Salcedo, 2024. "Is Foreign Exchange Intervention through derivative instruments effective? An analysis of the Peruvian case," IHEID Working Papers 17-2024, Economics Section, The Graduate Institute of International Studies.
  61. Guillaume Bazot & Eric Monnet & Matthias Morys, 2024. "Central banks and the absorption of international shocks (1891-2019)," Working Papers halshs-04778323, HAL.
  62. Parra-Polanía, Julián & Sánchez-Jabba, Andrés & Sarmiento, Miguel, 2024. "Are FX communications effective? Evidence from emerging markets," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
  63. Maggiori, Matteo, 2021. "International Macroeconomics With Imperfect Financial Markets," SocArXiv z8g6r, Center for Open Science.
  64. Artta, Katja & Nessén, Marianne & Vredin, Anders & Savoia, Ettore, 2025. "Financial Flows and Exchange Rate Dynamics: Evidence from Sweden," Working Paper Series 456, Sveriges Riksbank (Central Bank of Sweden).
  65. Andrey G. Shulgin, 2017. "A Simple Theoretical Setup for the Evaluation of Sterilized Intervention Effectiveness in a Small Open Commodity Exporting Economy," HSE Working papers WP BRP 170/EC/2017, National Research University Higher School of Economics.
  66. Rövekamp, Ingmar, 2019. "US Monetary Policy and the Stability of Currency Pegs," VfS Annual Conference 2019 (Leipzig): 30 Years after the Fall of the Berlin Wall - Democracy and Market Economy 203525, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
  67. Pontines, Victor, 2018. "Self-selection and treatment effects: Revisiting the effectiveness of foreign exchange intervention," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 299-316.
  68. Naef, Alain, 2024. "Blowing against the Wind? a narrative approach to central Bank foreign exchange intervention," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
  69. Alain Naef, 2021. "Dirty float or clean intervention? The Bank of England in the foreign exchange market," European Review of Economic History, European Historical Economics Society, vol. 25(1), pages 180-201.
  70. Javier Bianchi & Guido Lorenzoni, 2021. "The Prudential Use of Capital Controls and Foreign Currency Reserves," NBER Working Papers 29476, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  71. Christopher Loewald, 2021. "Macro works a decisiontree approach to exchange rate policy," Working Papers 11009, South African Reserve Bank.
  72. Piotr Kotlarz & Michael Hanke & Sebastian Stöckl, 2023. "Regime-dependent drivers of the EUR/CHF exchange rate," Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics, Springer;Swiss Society of Economics and Statistics, vol. 159(1), pages 1-18, December.
  73. Luis Cabezas & José Gregorio, 2019. "Accumulation of reserves in emerging and developing countries: mercantilism versus insurance," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 155(4), pages 819-857, November.
  74. Ceron, Marcos & Nivin, Rafael & Yamunaque, Diego, 2023. "FX intervention and domestic credit in a partially dollarized economy: Evidence using microdata from Peru," Working Papers 2023-009, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú.
  75. Itamar Caspi & Amit Friedman & Sigal Ribon, 2022. "The Immediate Impact and Persistent Effect of FX Purchases on the Exchange Rate," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 18(5), pages 1-31, December.
  76. Alain Chaboud & Dagfinn Rime & Vladyslav Sushko, 2023. "The foreign exchange market," Chapters, in: Refet S. Gürkaynak & Jonathan H. Wright (ed.), Research Handbook of Financial Markets, chapter 12, pages 253-275, Edward Elgar Publishing.
  77. Elizabeth Bucacos & Javier García-Cicco & Miguel Mello, 2023. "Foreign Exchange Interventions and Foreign Shocks. The case of Uruguay," Documentos de trabajo 2023008, Banco Central del Uruguay.
  78. Adler, Gustavo & Mano, Rui C., 2021. "The Cost of Foreign Exchange Intervention: Concepts and Measurement," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
  79. Pierre-Richard Agénor & Luiz Awazu Pereira da Silva, 2021. "Macroeconomic policy under a managed float: a simple integrated framework," BIS Working Papers 964, Bank for International Settlements.
  80. Matteo Maggiori, 2021. "FX policy when financial markets are imperfect," BIS Working Papers 942, Bank for International Settlements.
  81. Hui, Cho-Hoi & Wong, Andrew & Lo, Chi-Fai, 2025. "Stablecoin price dynamics under a peg-stabilising mechanism," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
  82. Polo, Andrea & Gonzalez, Rodrigo & Khametshin, Dmitry & Peydró, José-Luis, 2018. "Hedger of Last Resort: Evidence from Brazilian FX Interventions, Local Credit and Global Financial Cycles," CEPR Discussion Papers 12817, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  83. Breedon, Francis & Chen, Louisa & Ranaldo, Angelo & Vause, Nicholas, 2023. "Judgment day: Algorithmic trading around the Swiss franc cap removal," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
  84. Jorge Arenas & Stephany Griffith-Jones, 2023. "Effectiveness of Foreign Exchange Interventions Evidence and Lessons from Chile," Working Papers wp546, University of Chile, Department of Economics.
  85. Kolasa, Marcin & Wesołowski, Grzegorz, 2023. "Quantitative easing in the US and financial cycles in emerging markets," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
  86. Nikhil Patel & Paolo Cavllino, 2019. "FX intervention: goals, strategies and tactics," BIS Papers chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), Reserve management and FX intervention, volume 104, pages 25-44, Bank for International Settlements.
  87. Lyons, Richard K. & Viswanath-Natraj, Ganesh, 2023. "What keeps stablecoins stable?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
  88. Albagli, Elias & Calani, Mauricio & Hadzi-Vaskov, Metodij & Marcel, Mario & Ricci, Luca Antonio, 2020. "Comfort in Floating: Taking Stock of Twenty Years of Freely-Floating Exchange Rate in Chile," CEPR Discussion Papers 14967, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  89. Kathryn M. E. Dominguez, 2020. "Revisiting Exchange Rate Rules," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 68(3), pages 693-719, September.
  90. Chen, Hongyi & Siklos, Pierre L., 2022. "Central bank digital currency: A review and some macro-financial implications," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
  91. Gardini, Laura & Radi, Davide & Schmitt, Noemi & Sushko, Iryna & Westerhoff, Frank, 2022. "Currency manipulation and currency wars: Analyzing the dynamics of competitive central bank interventions," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
  92. Idil Uz Akdogan, 2020. "Understanding the dynamics of foreign reserve management: The central bank intervention policy and the exchange rate fundamentals," International Economics, CEPII research center, issue 161, pages 41-55.
  93. Grahame Johnson & Sharon Kozicki & Romanos Priftis & Lena Suchanek & Jonathan Witmer & Jing Yang, 2020. "Implementation and Effectiveness of Extended Monetary Policy Tools: Lessons from the Literature," Discussion Papers 2020-16, Bank of Canada.
  94. Emmanouil Drakonakis & Stelios Kotsios, 2025. "Stochastic Exchange Rate Dynamics, Intervention Dynamics and the Market Efficiency Hypothesis," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 65(1), pages 463-481, January.
  95. Christopher Loewald, 2021. "Macro works applying integrated policy frameworks to South Africa," Working Papers 11021, South African Reserve Bank.
  96. Goldberg, Linda S. & Krogstrup, Signe, 2023. "International capital flow pressures and global factors," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
  97. Gustavo Adler & Kyun Suk Chang & Rui C. Mano & Yuting Shao, 2025. "Foreign Exchange Intervention: A Data Set of Official Data and Estimates," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 57(5), pages 1241-1273, August.
  98. Freddy A. Pinzón-Puerto & Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas, 2023. "Do Actions Speak Louder than Words? A Foreign Exchange Intervention Analysis," Borradores de Economia 1223, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  99. Mr. Yan Carriere-Swallow & Mr. Luis Ignacio Jácome & Mr. Nicolas E Magud & Alejandro M. Werner, 2016. "Central Banking in Latin America: The Way Forward," IMF Working Papers 2016/197, International Monetary Fund.
  100. Cecchetti, Stephen G. & Narita, Machiko & Rawat, Umang & Sahay, Ratna, 2023. "Addressing Spillovers from Prolonged U.S. Monetary Policy Easing," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
  101. Smita Roy Trivedi & Bobby Srinivasan, 2016. "Impact of Central Bank Intervention in the Foreign Exchange Market: Evidence from India Using an Event Study Approach," Economic Papers, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 35(4), pages 389-402, December.
  102. Anjaly B. & Malabika Deo, 2025. "A study of the effectiveness of central bank intervention in BRICS countries," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 1-25, February.
  103. Richard K. Lyons & Ganesh Viswanath-Natraj, 2020. "What Keeps Stablecoins Stable?," NBER Working Papers 27136, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  104. Roevekamp, Ingmar, 2021. "The impact of US monetary policy on managed exchange rates and currency peg regimes," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
  105. Barry Eichengreen, 2023. "The Danish problem," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 40(3), pages 781-794, October.
  106. Hagedorn, Marcus, 2021. "An Equilibrium Theory of Nominal Exchange Rates," CEPR Discussion Papers 16517, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  107. Pontines, Victor & Luvsannyam, Davaajargal & Atarbaatar, Enkhjin & Munkhtsetseg, Ulziikhutag, 2021. "The effectiveness of currency intervention: Evidence from Mongolia," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
  108. Bazot, Guillaume & Monnet, Eric & Morys, Matthias, 2019. "Taming the gobal financial cycle: Central banks and the sterilization of capital flows in the first era of globalization," IBF Paper Series 03-19, IBF – Institut für Bank- und Finanzgeschichte / Institute for Banking and Financial History, Frankfurt am Main.
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