Foreign Exchange Intervention: A Data Set of Official Data and Estimates

A better understanding of foreign exchange intervention (FXI) is often hindered by the lack of data. This paper provides a new data set of FXI covering a large number of countries since 2000 at monthly and quarterly frequencies. It includes published official data for about 40 countries as well as carefully constructed estimates for 122 countries. Estimates account for a wide range of central bank operations, including both spot and derivative transactions. These estimates improve upon traditional proxies based on changes in reserves, by adjusting for valuation changes, income flows, and changes in other foreign‐currency balance sheet positions (both vis‐à‐vis residents and nonresidents)—the first estimates to do the latter to our knowledge—thus providing a more accurate measure of operations that change the central bank's foreign currency position. The data set also provides a classification of FXI operations into sterilized or not sterilized, a key dimension for economic analysis. Finally, the paper discusses the merits of the new estimates relative to traditional proxies, and presents stylized facts.