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Makroprudenzielle Finanzmarktpolitik: Nationale Handlungsoptionen im Euroraum

Author

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  • Kooths, Stefan
  • Plödt, Martin
  • van Roye, Björn
  • Scheide, Joachim

Abstract

[Einleitung und Überblick ...] Die entscheidende Frage für die Wirtschaftspolitik ist, ob solche Fehlentwicklungen unvermeidlich sind und ob Deutschland möglicherweise in eine ähnliche Situation gerät wie die europäischen Krisenländer in jüngster Zeit, oder ob es Maßnahmen gibt, mit denen eine solche Zuspitzung verhindert werden kann, so dass die makroökonomische Stabilität nicht gefährdet wird. Dabei wird unterstellt, dass die nationale und europäische Wirtschaftspolitik den geldpolitischen Kurs der EZB nicht beeinflussen kann. In diesem Diskussionsbeitrag soll daher eine angemessene makroprudenzielle (Finanzmarkt-)Politik auf Länderebene im Euroraum vor dem Hintergrund einer extrem expansiv ausgerichteten Geldpolitik der EZB und massiver Kapitalzuflüsse dargestellt werden. In einem ersten Teil (Kapitel 2) erfolgt zunächst eine Darstellung der theoretischen Grundlagen. Hierbei wird zuerst auf den gesamtwirtschaftlichen Finanzierungszusammenhang eingegangen, in den die Wirkungskanäle der Geldpolitik eingebettet sind (Kapitel 2.1). Im nächsten Schritt werden dann die verschiedenen Kanäle für die Übertragung monetärer Impulse auf die Realwirtschaft erläutert (Kapitel 2.2) sowie Besonderheiten für die Analyse der Geldpolitik in einer Währungsunion diskutiert (Kapitel 2.3). Darauf aufbauend und vor dem Hintergrund der monetären Konjunkturtheorie (Kapitel 2.4) werden anschließend die Risiken einer dauerhaft zu expansiv ausgerichteten Geldpolitik für die Finanzmarktstabilität erörtert (Kapitel 2.5). Zentrales Anliegen dieses Diskussionsbeitrages ist es, auf Basis der vorangehenden Analysen wirtschaftspolitische Handlungsoptionen aufzuzeigen. So werden im zweiten Teil (Kapitel 3) einschlägige Instrumente der makroprudenziellen Finanzmarktpolitik diskutiert, die zum Teil grundlegende Reformen beinhalten, zum Teil aber auch an konkreten Problemen ansetzen. Diese Instrumente lassen sich in drei Gruppen einteilen: i) Solvenzbezogene Instrumente, mit denen zum einen der Aufbau zu hoher Risikopositionen von Finanzinstituten vermieden werden und zum anderen die Krisenanfälligkeit und Verlusttragfähigkeit des Finanzsektors bei systemischen Ereignissen erhöht werden soll (Kapitel 3.1), ii) kreditbezogene Instrumente, welche der direkten Steuerung der Kreditvergabe dienen (Kapitel 3.2) und iii) liquiditätsbezogene Instrumente, die darauf abzielen, die Liquiditätsvorsorge der Banken zu erhöhen (Kapitel 3.3). Es wird beschrieben, welche Instrumente eher als vorbeugend anzusehen sind und welche angewendet werden könnten, wenn es bereits zu einer Fehlentwicklung gekommen ist. Bevor eine Handlungsempfehlung bezüglich der einzelnen Instrumente ausgesprochen wird, sollen sie insbesondere auf ihre Effektivität hinsichtlich des Ziels und ihre ordnungspolitischen Implikationen überprüft werden. Zudem wird diskutiert, ob sich die Instrumente in anderen Ländern bewährt haben. Schließlich ist es auch wichtig zu klären, ob sich einzelne Vorschläge ohne weiteres auf nationaler Ebene implementieren lassen oder ob es hier eines gemeinsamen Vorgehens etwa auf europäischer Ebene bedarf. Die aus unserer Sicht wichtigsten Schritte werden abschließend in einem Vorschlag zusammengefasst (Kapitel 4).

Suggested Citation

  • Kooths, Stefan & Plödt, Martin & van Roye, Björn & Scheide, Joachim, 2014. "Makroprudenzielle Finanzmarktpolitik: Nationale Handlungsoptionen im Euroraum," Kiel Discussion Papers 541/542, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkdp:541-542
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