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Modeling Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth Nexus in Ethiopia: Evidence from ARDL Approach to Cointegration and Causality Analysis

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  • Kebede, Shemelis

Abstract

Energy consumption is one of the important inputs to the production process. Energy consumption and energy supplied from fossil fuels in production process cause CO2 emissions and environmental deterioration. Due to this fact achieving economic development and environmental sustainability simultaneously is one of the most significant development challenges for Africa today. Formulation of sound economic development and environmental sustainability policy needs knowing the relationship among energy use, economic growth and environmental quality. This study examines the relationship among economic growth, energy consumption, financial development, trade openness, urbanization, population and CO2 emissions over the period of 1970–2014 in case of Ethiopia. The PP, ADF, KPSS, Zivot-Andrews and Clemente, Montanes and Reyes unit root tests were used to test the stationarity of the variables under consideration. The ARDL cointegration technique for establishing the existence of a long-run relationship and Toda-Yamamoto approach to determine the direction of causality between the variables were used. The results show that cointegration exists among the variables. Energy consumption, population, trade openness and economic growth have statistically significant positive impact on CO2 in the long-run while economic growth squared compacts CO2 emissions. This supports validity of the EKC hypothesis in Ethiopia. In the short-run urbanization and energy consumption intensify environmental degradation. Toda-Yamamoto granger causality results indicate the feedback relationship between energy consumption, CO2 emissions and urbanization. Financial development, population and urbanization cause economic growth while economic growth causes CO2 emissions. Causality runs from energy consumption to financial development, urbanization and population which in turn cause economic growth. Form the result, CO2 emissions extenuation policy in Ethiopia should focus on environmentally friendly growth, enhancing consumption of clean energy, incorporating the impact of population growth, urbanization, trade and financial development.

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  • Kebede, Shemelis, 2017. "Modeling Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth Nexus in Ethiopia: Evidence from ARDL Approach to Cointegration and Causality Analysis," MPRA Paper 83000, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:83000
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    Cited by:

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    2. Cheng Yang & Jean Pierre Namahoro & Qiaosheng Wu & Hui Su, 2022. "Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption on Economic Growth: Evidence from Asymmetric Analysis across Countries Connected to Eastern Africa Power Pool," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-20, December.
    3. Sun Guoyan & Asadullah Khaskheli & Syed Ali Raza & Nida Shah, 2022. "Analyzing the association between the foreign direct investment and carbon emissions in MENA countries: a pathway to sustainable development," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 4226-4243, March.
    4. Gideon Nkam Taka & Ta Thi Huong & Izhar Hussain Shah & Hung-Suck Park, 2020. "Determinants of Energy-Based CO 2 Emissions in Ethiopia: A Decomposition Analysis from 1990 to 2017," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-17, May.
    5. Ahmad Latif & Rimsha Javed, 2021. "Does Economic Growth, Population Growth And Energy Use Impact Carbondioxide Emissions In Pakistan? An Ardl Approach," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 10(2), pages 85-91, June.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Growth; Energy; Financial development; Urbanization; CO2 emissions; Ethiopia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C1 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General
    • C18 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Methodolical Issues: General
    • E2 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment
    • Q5 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics

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