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Global Tourism and Waves of Terror: Perspectives from Military Expenditure

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  • Simplice A. Asongu

    (Yaoundé/Cameroon)

  • Paul N. Acha-Anyi

    (Walter Sisulu University, South Africa)

Abstract

This study complements existing literature by investigating how military expenditure can modulate the effect of terrorism externalities on tourism. The geographical and temporal scopes are 163 countries and the period 2010-2015. The empirical evidence is based on negative binomial regressions. Terrorism externalities are measured in terms of terror-related incidents, injuries, fatalities and damaged properties. We find that military expenditure significantly lessens the destructive impact of these terror-related incidents in order to induce positive net effects on tourism. This finding is robust to all measurements of terrorism. Homicides and violent demonstrations reduce tourists’ arrivals whereas the rate of incarceration of convicted offenders has the opposite effect. The analysis is extended to income levels and regions in order to provide more opportunities for policy implications. Justifications for differences in these comparative tendencies are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Simplice A. Asongu & Paul N. Acha-Anyi, 2019. "Global Tourism and Waves of Terror: Perspectives from Military Expenditure," Working Papers 19/062, European Xtramile Centre of African Studies (EXCAS).
    • Handle: RePEc:exs:wpaper:19/062
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    Cited by:

    1. Nicholas M. Odhiambo & Talknice Saungweme, "undated". "Does International Tourism Spur International Trade In Ssa Countries? A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis," Working Papers AESRI07, African Economic and Social Research Institute (AESRI).
    2. Nicholas M. Odhiambo & Talknice Saungweme, "undated". "Does International Tourism Spur International Trade in SSA Countries? A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis," Working Papers AESRIWP08, African Economic and Social Research Institute (AESRI).
    3. N.M. Odhiambo & T. Saungweme, 2021. "Does International Tourism Spur International Trade in SSA Countries? A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis," Working Papers AESRI-2021-08, African Economic and Social Research Institute (AESRI), revised Nov 2021.
    4. Odhiambo, Nicholas M & Saungweme, Talknice, 2021. "Does international tourism spur international trade in SSA countries? A dynamic panel data analysis," Working Papers 28345, University of South Africa, Department of Economics.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Military Expenditure; Terrorism; Tourism;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D74 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances; Revolutions
    • H56 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - National Security and War
    • Z32 - Other Special Topics - - Tourism Economics - - - Tourism and Development
    • Z38 - Other Special Topics - - Tourism Economics - - - Policy

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