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Creative Cognition as a Bandit Problem

Author

Listed:
  • Noémie Berlin
  • Jan Dul
  • Marco Gazel
  • Louis Lévy-Garboua
  • Todd Lubart

Abstract

This paper characterizes creative cognition as a multi-armed bandit problem involving a trade-off between exploration and exploitation in sequential decisions from experience taking place in novel uncertain environments. Creative cognition implements an efficient learning process in this kind of dynamic decision. Special emphasis is put on the optimal sequencing of divergent and convergent behavior by showing that divergence must be inhibited at one point to converge toward creative behavior so that excessive divergence is counterproductive. We test this hypothesis in two behavioral experiments, using both novel and well-known tasks and precise measures of individual differences in creative potential in middle and high school students. Results in both studies confirmed that a task-dependent mix of divergence and convergence predicted high performance in a production task and better satisfaction in a consumption task, but exclusively in novel uncertain environments. These predictions were maintained after controlling for gender, personality, incentives, and other factors. As hypothesized, creative cognition was shown to be necessary for high performance under the appropriate conditions. However, it was not necessary for getting high grades in a traditional school system. Cet article caractérise la cognition créative comme un problème de bandit-manchot à bras multiples impliquant un compromis entre exploration et exploitation dans les décisions séquentielles basées sur l'expérience et se déroulant dans de nouveaux environnements incertains. La cognition créative met en œuvre un processus d'apprentissage efficace dans ce type de décision dynamique. L'accent est mis sur l'enchaînement optimal des comportements divergents et convergents en montrant que la divergence doit être inhibée à un moment donné pour converger vers un comportement créatif, de sorte qu'une divergence excessive est contre-productive. Nous testons cette hypothèse dans deux expériences comportementales, en utilisant à la fois des tâches nouvelles et bien connues et des mesures précises des différences individuelles dans le potentiel créatif d'élèves de collège et de lycée. Les résultats des deux études ont confirmé qu'un mélange de divergence et de convergence dépendant de la tâche permettait de prédire une performance élevée dans une tâche de production et une meilleure satisfaction dans une tâche de consommation, mais exclusivement dans des environnements nouveaux et incertains. Ces prédictions ont été maintenues après contrôle du sexe, de la personnalité, des incitations et d'autres facteurs. Comme nous l'avions supposé, la cognition créative s'est avérée nécessaire pour obtenir des performances élevées dans les conditions appropriées. Cependant, elle n'est pas nécessaire pour obtenir de bonnes notes dans un système scolaire traditionnel.

Suggested Citation

  • Noémie Berlin & Jan Dul & Marco Gazel & Louis Lévy-Garboua & Todd Lubart, 2023. "Creative Cognition as a Bandit Problem," CIRANO Working Papers 2023s-11, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2023s-11
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    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/2023s-11.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Noémi Berlin & Jean-Louis Tavani & Maud Beasançon, 2016. "An exploratory study of creativity, personality and schooling achievement," Education Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(5), pages 536-556, September.
    2. Thomas Dohmen & Armin Falk & David Huffman & Uwe Sunde & Jürgen Schupp & Gert G. Wagner, 2011. "Individual Risk Attitudes: Measurement, Determinants, And Behavioral Consequences," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 9(3), pages 522-550, June.
    3. Levy-Garboua, Louis & Loheac, Youenn & Fayolle, Bertrand, 2006. "Preference formation, school dissatisfaction and risky behavior of adolescents," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 165-183, February.
    4. Giuseppe Attanasi & Michela Chessa & Sara Gil-Gallen & Patrick Llerena, 2021. "A survey on experimental elicitation of creativity in economics," Revue d'économie industrielle, De Boeck Université, vol. 0(2), pages 273-324.
    5. Charles A. Holt & Susan K. Laury, 2002. "Risk Aversion and Incentive Effects," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 92(5), pages 1644-1655, December.
    6. Karwowski, Maciej & Kaufman, James C. & Lebuda, Izabela & Szumski, Grzegorz & Firkowska-Mankiewicz, Anna, 2017. "Intelligence in childhood and creative achievements in middle-age: The necessary condition approach," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 36-44.
    7. Gary Charness & Daniela Grieco, 2019. "Creativity and Incentives," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 17(2), pages 454-496.
    8. Bill Lucas & Guy Claxton & Ellen Spencer, 2013. "Progression in Student Creativity in School: First Steps Towards New Forms of Formative Assessments," OECD Education Working Papers 86, OECD Publishing.
    9. Noémi Berlin & Jean-Louis Tavani & Maud Besançon, 2016. "An exploratory study of creativity, personality and schooling achievement," Post-Print hal-01392470, HAL.
    10. Tülin Erdem & Michael P. Keane, 1996. "Decision-Making Under Uncertainty: Capturing Dynamic Brand Choice Processes in Turbulent Consumer Goods Markets," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 15(1), pages 1-20.
    11. Lipshitz, Raanan & Strauss, Orna, 1997. "Coping with Uncertainty: A Naturalistic Decision-Making Analysis," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 69(2), pages 149-163, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Charness, Gary & Le Bihan, Yves & Villeval, Marie Claire, 2024. "Mindfulness training, cognitive performance and stress reduction," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 217(C), pages 207-226.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Creative cognition; Multi-armed bandit problem; Exploration-exploitation trade-off; Individual differences in creative potential; Adolescents’ behavior; Necessary Condition Analysis; Créativité cognitive; Problème du bandit à plusieurs bras; Compromis exploration-exploitation; Différences individuelles de potentiel créatif; Comportement des adolescents; Analyse des conditions nécessaires;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C11 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Bayesian Analysis: General
    • C91 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Design of Experiments - - - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
    • C93 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Design of Experiments - - - Field Experiments
    • I25 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Economic Development
    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
    • Z10 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - General

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