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Cierre de escuelas en pandemia y brechas de género en Argentina: ¿madres más vulnerables?

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  • María del Pilar Toyos

Abstract

En este documento estudio el efecto del cierre de escuelas durante la crisis del COVID-19 sobre las brechas de género en el mercado de trabajo en Argentina. Utilizando la metodología de triple diferencias, encuentro un efecto significativo y desigual para las madres con niños en edad escolar (de 4 a 18 años). En total, el primer año de la pandemia (del segundo trimestre del 2020 al primero del 2021) implicó una reducción de su probabilidad de participar en el mercado de trabajo de 8,5 puntos porcentuales. Además, esta caída fue 1,9 p.p. mayor que para las mujeres sin hijos en edad escolar y que para los hombres, posiblemente debido al cierre de escuelas. Al controlar por el efecto que la pandemia tuvo en cada sector de actividad y segmentar a las personas por grupos de edad del hijo menor, encuentro que el impacto diferencial de la pandemia sobre la participación laboral de las madres con hijos de 4 a 12 años fue aún 4,5 p.p. mayor que el resto. El mecanismo contractivo de la pandemia sobre la ocupación también muestra una reducción en su probabilidad de emplearse 3,5 p.p. mayor. Los hallazgos de este estudio llaman la atención sobre el largo camino que queda por recorrer para atender los impactos negativos del COVID-19 en materia de brechas de género en Argentina.

Suggested Citation

  • María del Pilar Toyos, 2022. "Cierre de escuelas en pandemia y brechas de género en Argentina: ¿madres más vulnerables?," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers 4603, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política.
    • Handle: RePEc:aep:anales:4603
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    JEL classification:

    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination

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