Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

2026

• Nan Chen & Xavier Giroud & Ling Qin & Neng Wang, 2026, "What Drives Corporate Savings," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34622, Jan.

2025

• Rachel Cho & Christoph Görtz & Danny McGowan & Max Schröder, 2025, "Defining Current and Expected Financial Constraints Using AI: Reinterpreting the Cash Flow Sensitivity of Cash," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 12054.
• Giorgio Fabbri & Davide Fiaschi & Cristiano Ricci, 2025, "The Invisible Hand as an Emergent Property," LIDAM Discussion Papers IRES, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES), number 2025013, Sep.
• Yin, Xiaoqing & Wang, Haijun, 2025, "Real investment decision under CRRA utility: The flow payoff case," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 177, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2025.105130.
• Gao, Jingyi & Ren, Yuanming & Zhan, Xinyu, 2025, "Outward foreign direct investment and pollution: Evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, volume 105, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104355.
• Neugebauer, Tibor & Sadrieh, Abdolkarim & Selten, Reinhard, 2025, "Taming selten's horse with impulse response," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, volume 150, issue C, pages 71-92, DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2024.11.014.
• Belissa, Temesgen K. & Lensink, Robert & Marr, Ana, 2025, "The impact of bundling index insurance with credit and input vouchers: Experimental evidence from Ethiopia," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, volume 234, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107013.
• Shi, Guifeng & Li, Huijun, 2025, "Government-led resource allocation and firm productivity: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, volume 90, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.pacfin.2024.102638.
• Shuguang Jiang & Marie Claire Villeval & Zhengping Zhang & Jie Zheng, 2025, "War and Peace: How Economic Prospects Drive Conflictuality," Working Papers, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon St-Etienne (GATE Lyon St-Etienne), Université de Lyon, number 2506.
• Itzhak Ben-David & Alex Chinco, 2025, "Capital Budgeting For EPS Maximizers," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34061, Jul.
• Cao, Yang, 2025, "Totalitarian Accounting and the Trumpian Risks," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 125456, Jan.
• Amal Jose & Saumitra Bhaduri, 2025, "What’s in the Text?—A Text-Based Financial Constraint Index for Indian Manufacturing Firms," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), volume 23, issue 1, pages 285-314, March, DOI: 10.1007/s40953-024-00425-7.
• Biais, Bruno & Gersbach, Hans & Rochet, Jean-Charles & von Thadden, Ernst-Ludwig & Villeneuve, Stéphane, 2025, "Dynamic Contracting with Many Agents," TSE Working Papers, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), number 25-1642, May.

2024

• Onur Yağış, 2024, "The Effect of Trade Openness on Economic Growth: A Fractional Frequency Fourier ADL Approach for Turkey," Journal of Finance Letters (Maliye ve Finans Yazıları), Maliye ve Finans Yazıları Yayıncılık Ltd. Şti., volume 39, issue 121, pages 129-146, April, DOI: https://doi.org/10.33203/mfy.134358.
• Samuel Bazzi & Marc-Andreas Muendler & Raquel F. Oliveira & James Rauch, 2024, "Credit Supply Shocks and Firm Dynamics: Evidence from Brazil," Working Papers Series, Central Bank of Brazil, Research Department, number 589, Feb.
• Andrea Locatelli & Luciano Partacini & Nicola Riz, 2024, "Firm-level uncertainty and investments: evidence from South Tyrol," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 904, Dec.
• Biais, Bruno & Gersbach, Hans & Rochet, Jean-Charles & von Thadden, Ernst-Ludwig & Villeneuve, Stéphane, 2024, "Dynamic Contracting with Many Agents," HEC Research Papers Series, HEC Paris, number 1516, Apr, DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4769204.
• Popkova, Elena G. & Sergi, Bruno S., 2024, "Energy infrastructure: Investment, sustainability and AI," Resources Policy, Elsevier, volume 91, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.104807.
• Bruno Biais & Hans Gersbach & Jean-Charles Rochet & Ernst-Ludwig von Thadden & Stéphane Villeneuve, 2024, "Dynamic Contracting with Many Agents," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-04759186, Apr, DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4769204.
• David K. Ding & Christo Ferreira & Vu Minh Ngo & Phuc V. Nguyen & Udomsak Wongchoti, 2024, "Corporate social responsibility and myopic management practice: Is there a link?," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, volume 62, issue 1, pages 271-308, January, DOI: 10.1007/s11156-023-01212-w.
• Scott R Baker & Nicholas Bloom & Stephen J Terry, 2024, "Using Disasters to Estimate the Impact of Uncertainty," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, volume 91, issue 2, pages 720-747.
• Petre Caraiani & Carolyn Chisadza & Rangan Gupta, 2024, "Does Climate Affect Investments? Evidence from Firms in the United States," Working Papers, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics, number 202448, Nov.
• Feng Dong & Yang Jiao & Haoning Sun, 2024, "Bubbly Booms and Welfare," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, volume 53, pages 71-122, July, DOI: 10.1016/j.red.2024.02.001.
• Yue-Jun Zhang & Wei Wang, 2024, "How Does China’s Carbon Emissions Trading Policy Affect the Financing of High-Carbon Enterprises?," The Energy Journal, , volume 45, issue 4, pages 223-245, July, DOI: 10.1177/01956574241281564.
• Villeneuve, Stéphane & Biais, Bruno & Gersbach, Hans & Rochet, Jean-Charles & von Thadden, Ernst-Ludwig, 2024, "Dynamic Contracting with Many Agents," TSE Working Papers, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), number 24-1511, Feb.

2023

• Nataliia DZIUBANOVSKA & Vadym MASLII & Zoriana LYTVYN, 2023, "Multifactor models for studying the impact of investment activities of enterprises on their profitability: case of Ukraine," Access Journal, Access Press Publishing House, volume 4, issue 1, pages 7-23, October, DOI: 10.46656/access.2023.4.1(1).
• Elena Aleksandrovna SINELNIKOVA, 2023, "Company’s Innovative Potential as the Basis for Strategic Development," Russian Foreign Economic Journal, Russian Foreign Trade Academy Ministry of economic development of the Russian Federation, issue 12, pages 16-25, December, DOI: 10.24412/2072-8042-2023-12-16-25.
• Mahmoud Fatouh & Simone Giansante, 2023, "The cyclicality of bank credit losses and capital ratios under expected loss model," Bank of England working papers, Bank of England, number 1013, Jan.
• Samuel Bazzi & Marc-Andreas Muendler & Raquel F. Oliveira & James Rauch & James E. Rauch, 2023, "Credit Supply Shocks and Firm Dynamics: Evidence from Brazil," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10672.
• Samuel Bentolila & Antonio Cabrales & Marcel Jansen, 2023, "Does Dual Vocational Education and Training Pay Off?," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 10762.
• Timo Heinrich & Jason Shachat & Qinjuan Wan, 2023, "Group identity and the formation of conditional social preferences among Chinese youth," Working Papers, Chapman University, Economic Science Institute, number 23-08.
• Samuel Bentolila & Antonio Cabrales & Marcel Jansen, 2023, "Does Dual Vocational Education and Training Pay Off?," Working Papers, CEMFI, number wp2023_2307, Nov.
• Bazzi, Samuel & Muendler, Marc & de Freitas Oliveira, Raquel & Rauch, James E., 2023, "Credit Supply Shocks and Firm Dynamics: Evidence from Brazil," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 18503, Oct.
• Bentolila, Samuel & Cabrales, Antonio & Jansen, Marcel, 2023, "Does Dual Vocational Education and Training Pay Off?," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 18602, Nov.
• Huang, Wenli & Liu, Wenqiong & Wang, Dongfang & Wang, Ying, 2023, "Agency and investment with triggered time-inconsistent preferences," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, volume 68, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.najef.2023.101991.
• Wang, Yang & Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad, 2023, "Green bonds markets and renewable energy development: Policy integration for achieving carbon neutrality," Energy Economics, Elsevier, volume 123, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2023.106725.
• Lee, Natalie, 2023, "Feigning ignorance for long-term gains," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, volume 138, issue C, pages 42-71, DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2022.11.009.
• Xiao, Nanbing & Zhou, Jincheng & Fang, Xia, 2023, "Role of digital finance, investment, and trade in technological progress," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, volume 57, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.gfj.2023.100853.
• Xing, Jie & Ma, Jingtang & Yang, Wensheng, 2023, "Optimal entry decision of unemployment insurance under partial information," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, volume 110, issue C, pages 31-52, DOI: 10.1016/j.insmatheco.2023.02.002.
• Ma, Mark (Shuai) & Thomas, Wayne B., 2023, "Economic consequences of operating lease recognition," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, volume 75, issue 2, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacceco.2022.101566.
• Eliasson, Gunnar, 2023, "Bringing markets back into economics," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, volume 216, issue C, pages 686-710, DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2023.10.001.
• Popkova, Elena G. & Bogoviz, Aleksei V. & Lobova, Svetlana V. & DeLo, Piper & Alekseev, Alexander N. & Sergi, Bruno S., 2023, "Environmentally sustainable policies in the petroleum sector through the lens of industry 4.0. Russians Lukoil and Gazprom: The COVID-19 crisis of 2020 vs sanctions crisis of 2022," Resources Policy, Elsevier, volume 84, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103733.
• Samuel Bentolila & Antonio Cabrales & Marcel Jansen, 2023, "Does Dual Vocational Education and Training Pay Off?," Studies on the Spanish Economy, FEDEA, number eee2023-34, Nov.
• Bentolila, Samuel & Cabrales, Antonio & Jansen, Marcel, 2023, "Does Dual Vocational Education and Training Pay Off?," IZA Discussion Papers, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), number 16688, Dec.
• Florian Baumann & Sophie Bienenstock & Tim Friehe & Maiva Ropaul, 2023, "Fines as enforcers’ rewards or as a transfer to society at large? Evidence on deterrence and enforcement implications," Public Choice, Springer, volume 196, issue 3, pages 229-255, September, DOI: 10.1007/s11127-022-01000-5.
• Samuel Bazzi & Marc-Andreas Muendler & Raquel F. Oliveira & James E. Rauch, 2023, "Credit Supply Shocks and Firm Dynamics: Evidence from Brazil," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31721, Sep.
• Marc Arnold & Ramona Westermann, 2023, "Debt Renegotiations Outside Distress," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, volume 27, issue 4, pages 1183-1228.
• Mahmoud Fatouh & Robert Bock & Jamal Ouenniche, 2023, "Impact of IFRS 9 on the cost of funding of banks in Europe," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, volume 24, issue 2, pages 115-145, June, DOI: 10.1057/s41261-021-00177-x.
• Feng Dong & Yang Jiao & Haoning Sun, 2023, "Code and data files for "Bubbly Booms and Welfare"," Computer Codes, Review of Economic Dynamics, number 23-66, revised .
• Mahmoud Fatouh & Simone Giansante, 2023, "The cyclicality of bank credit losses and capital ratios under expected loss model," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, volume 330, issue 1, pages 807-840, November, DOI: 10.1007/s10479-023-05445-9.
• Guerzoni, Marco & Riso, Luigi & Vivarelli, Marco, 2023, "Was Robert Gibrat right?," MERIT Working Papers, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT), number 2023-006, Mar.
• Lori Beaman & Dean Karlan & Bram Thuysbaert & Christopher Udry, 2023, "Selection Into Credit Markets: Evidence From Agriculture in Mali," Econometrica, Econometric Society, volume 91, issue 5, pages 1595-1627, September, DOI: 10.3982/ECTA18916.

2022

• Dosi Cesare & Moretto Michele & Tamborini Roberto, 2022, "Do balanced-budget fiscal stimuli of investment increase its economic value?," German Economic Review, De Gruyter, volume 23, issue 2, pages 157-179, May, DOI: 10.1515/ger-2020-0059.
• Antonios Evangelou & Sune Ferreira-Schenk & Lorainne Ferreira & Elizabeth Bothma, 2022, "Investment Risk Tolerance amongst South African University Students in the Vaal Triangle Area," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 12, issue 1, pages 13-23.
• Zandri Dickason-Koekemoer & Sune Ferreira-Schenk, 2022, "Constructing a Model for Domain-specific Risk-taking, Life Satisfaction and Risk Tolerance of Investors," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 12, issue 4, pages 84-90, July.
• Yang, Junhong & Guariglia, Alessandra & Peng, Yuchao & Shi, Yukun, 2022, "Inventory investment and the choice of financing: Does financial development play a role?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, volume 74, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2021.102139.
• Balter, Anne G. & Huisman, Kuno J.M. & Kort, Peter M., 2022, "New insights in capacity investment under uncertainty," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 144, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2022.104499.
• Huang, Zhen & Gao, Weiwei, 2022, "The effects of formal and informal CEO power on debt policy persistence," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, volume 62, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.najef.2022.101748.
• Chen, Lingtao & Yuan, Yongna & Zhao, Na, 2022, "The effect of oil price uncertainty on corporate investment in the presence of growth options: Evidence from listed companies in China (1998–2019)," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, volume 62, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.najef.2022.101779.
• Li, Haoyang & Yang, Mingjing & Sun, Yanqi & Chen, Jingwei, 2022, "The impact of relaxing technology export regulations on corporate innovation," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, volume 50, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2022.103256.
• Im, Hyun Joong & Faff, Robert & Ha, Chang Yong, 2022, "Uncertainty, investment spikes, and corporate leverage adjustments," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, volume 145, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2022.106649.
• Catherine, Sylvain, 2022, "Keeping options open: What motivates entrepreneurs?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, volume 144, issue 1, pages 1-21, DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2022.01.001.
• Nelson Gomes & Nuno Gonçalves, 2022, "Innovation and the Financial Performance of Firms during the Great Recession and Recovery Period," Notas Económicas, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, issue 55, pages 115-131, December, DOI: 10.14195/2183-203X_55_5.
• Florian Baumann & Sophie Bienenstock & Tim Friehe & Maiva Ropaul, 2022, "Fines as enforcers’ rewards or as a transfer to society at large? Evidence on deterrence and enforcement implications," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-03962981, Oct, DOI: 10.1007/s11127-022-01000-5.
• An Thai & Radu Burlacu, 2022, "Adjustment Speed toward Target Leverage Throughout the Vietnamese Corporate Life Cycle: Under-Versus Over-the-Target Firms," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-03981384, Nov, DOI: 10.1007/s41549-022-00069-7.
• Friedrich L. Sell, 2022, "On the trail of the intangible: a theoretical and empirical investigation of innovations and patents in Germany in the years 2006-2019," International Entrepreneurship Review, Centre for Strategic and International Entrepreneurship at the Cracow University of Economics., volume 8, issue 1, pages 47-64.
• Kevin Carney & Michael Kremer & Xinyue Lin & Gautam Rao, 2022, "The Endowment Effect and Collateralized Loans," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 30073, May.
• Dimitar Blagoev & Radostin Boyadzhiev, 2022, "Innovative Companies as a Factor for Economic Growth of the National Economy," Ikonomiceski i Sotsialni Alternativi, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 3, pages 5-17, September.
• Francesco D’Acunto & Alberto G Rossi, 2022, "Regressive Mortgage Credit Redistribution in the Post-Crisis Era," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, volume 35, issue 1, pages 482-525.
• Rosato, Antonio & Tymula, Agnieszka, 2022, "A novel experimental test of truthful bidding in second-price auctions with real objects," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 115427.
• Saswatee Mukherjee, 2022, "Repeated Lending in Informal Credit Markets with Adverse Selection and Strategic Default," India Studies in Business and Economics, Springer, chapter 0, in: Supravat Bagli & Gagari Chakrabarti & Prithviraj Guha, "Persistent and Emerging Challenges to Development", DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4181-7_18.
• An Thai & Radu Burlacu, 2022, "Adjustment Speed toward Target Leverage Throughout the Vietnamese Corporate Life Cycle: Under-Versus Over-the-Target Firms," Journal of Business Cycle Research, Springer;Centre for International Research on Economic Tendency Surveys (CIRET), volume 18, issue 3, pages 315-341, November, DOI: 10.1007/s41549-022-00069-7.
• W. Erwin Diewert, 2022, "Duality in Production," Springer Books, Springer, chapter 3, in: Subhash C. Ray & Robert G. Chambers & Subal C. Kumbhakar, "Handbook of Production Economics", DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3455-8_21.
• Alina Stundziene & Asta Baliute, 2022, "Link between Tangible Investment Rate and Labour Productivity in the European Manufacturing Industry," Panoeconomicus, Savez ekonomista Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Serbia, volume 69, issue 4, pages 609-633.

2021

• Jens Prüfer & Christoph Schottmüller, 2021, "Competing with Big Data," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, volume 69, issue 4, pages 967-1008, December, DOI: 10.1111/joie.12259.
• Natalia Ramírez-Virviescas & Diego Alejandro Guevara, 2021, "Las microfinanzas rurales en Colombia y el proceso de financiarización: un estudio de caso," Apuntes del Cenes, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, volume 40, issue 71, pages 219-252.
• Judith Vergara Garavito & Pilar Álvarez Franco & Maribel Serna Rodríguez, 2021, "El retorno de la inversión en medios sociales (Social Media ROI). Una revisión de literatura," Revista Tendencias, Universidad de Narino, volume 22, issue 2, pages 331-348, DOI: 10.22267/rtend.212202.179.
• Panagiotidis, Theodore & Printzis, Panagiotis, 2021, "Investment and uncertainty: Are large firms different from small ones?," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, volume 184, issue C, pages 302-317, DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2021.01.011.
• Hoffmann, Florian & Pfeil, Sebastian, 2021, "Dynamic multitasking and managerial investment incentives," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, volume 142, issue 2, pages 954-974, DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2021.06.027.
• Alogoskoufis, George, 2021, "Asymmetries of financial openness in an optimal growth model," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, volume 23, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jeca.2021.e00201.
• Gaballo, Gaetano & Marimon, Ramon, 2021, "Breaking the spell with credit-easing: Self-confirming credit crises in competitive search economies," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, volume 119, issue C, pages 1-20, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2021.01.007.
• Liu, Duan & Zhou, Qianzhen & Chen, Shiqi & Wan, Hong & He, Hongbo, 2021, "Capital market access and innovation efficiency: A natural experiment from China’s pilot VAT reform in 2012," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, volume 71, issue C, pages 549-566, DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2020.09.026.
• Hichem Sofiane Salaouatchi & Olivier Colot & Youcef Boudella & Mohamed Abdelkarim Chekirine & Adja Hamida & Mohamed Habaina & Salima Khamadj, 2021, "Barriers to the Growth of SMEs: Empirical Evidence from Algeria," International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), volume 0, issue 2, pages 260-276.
• François Jeanjean, 2021, "Impact of Technical Progress on the Relationship Between Competition and Investment," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, volume 21, issue 1, pages 81-101, March, DOI: 10.1007/s10842-020-00341-5.
• Dimitrios Zormpas, 2021, "Jointly Held Investment Options and Vertical Relationships," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, volume 58, issue 4, pages 513-530, June, DOI: 10.1007/s11151-020-09784-w.
• David Hirshleifer & Joshua B. Plotkin, 2021, "Moonshots, investment booms, and selection bias in the transmission of cultural traits," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, volume 118, issue 26, pages 2015571118-, June.
• Antoni Chrzonstowski, 2021, "Ocena atrakcyjności inwestycyjnej kraju z uwagi na koszt ubezpieczeń społecznych," Bank i Kredyt, Narodowy Bank Polski, volume 52, issue 1, pages 37-76.
• Iaroslava Levchenko & Nataliya Solopun, 2021, "Research of the role of investment and innovative activities in the process of management of medical institutions," Technology audit and production reserves, Socionet;Technology audit and production reserves, volume 2, issue 4(58), pages 16-19.
• Nicholas Bloom & Paul Romer & Stephen J Terry & John Van Reenen, 2021, "Trapped Factors and China’s Impact on Global Growth
  [Competition and innovation: an inverted-U relationship]," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, volume 131, issue 633, pages 156-191.
• Francisco J Buera & Joseph P Kaboski & Yongseok Shin, 2021, "The Macroeconomics of Microfinance," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, volume 88, issue 1, pages 126-161.
• Sorin BLAGA, 2021, "Social Entrepreneurs’ Identity. A Case Study Of Romania," Scientific Bulletin - Economic Sciences, University of Pitesti, volume 20, issue 2, pages 13-24.
• Ati Sumiati & Umi Widyastuti, 2021, "The Millennials Generation’S Intention To Invest: A Modified Model Of The Theory Of Reasoned Action," International Journal of Entrepreneurship, Allied Business Academies, volume 25, issue 3.
• Zurina Samsudin & Md Daud Ismail, 2021, "The Roles Of Absorptive Capability And Innovative Capability In Improving Export Performance: A Preliminary Study," International Journal of Entrepreneurship, Allied Business Academies, volume 25, issue 3.
• Mario Tirelli & Luca Spinesi, 2021, "R&D financing and growth," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 30, issue 1, pages 24-47, January, DOI: 10.1080/10438599.2019.1666505.
• Kent Kovacs & Heather Snell, 2021, "Heterogeneity in Time Preferences for an Investment in Irrigation," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, volume 97, issue 4, pages 819-835.

2020

• Pietro Vertova, , "Time Preferences And The Property Rights Paradigm," Review of Socio - Economic Perspectives, Reviewsep, number 202050, DOI: 10.19275/RSEP076.
• Nicole Jonker & Anneke Kosse, 2020, "The Interplay of Financial Education, Financial Literacy, Financial Inclusion and Financial Stability: Any Lessons for the Current Big Tech Era?," Staff Working Papers, Bank of Canada, number 20-32, Aug, DOI: 10.34989/swp-2020-32.
• Chris D'Souza & Timothy Grieder & Daniel Hyun & Jonathan Witmer, 2020, "The Canadian corporate investment gap," Staff Analytical Notes, Bank of Canada, number 2020-19, Sep, DOI: 10.34989/san-2020-19.
• Min Jae Kim & Jonathan Witmer, 2020, "Corporate investment and monetary policy transmission in Canada," Staff Analytical Notes, Bank of Canada, number 2020-26, Nov, DOI: 10.34989/san-2020-26.
• Adriano A. Rampini & S. Viswanathan & Guillaume Vuillemey, 2020, "Retracted: Risk Management in Financial Institutions," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, volume 75, issue 2, pages 591-637, April, DOI: 10.1111/jofi.12868.
• Mahmoud Fatouh & Robert Bock & Jamal Ouenniche, 2020, "Impact of IFRS 9 on the cost of funding of banks in Europe," Bank of England working papers, Bank of England, number 851, Jan.
• Natalia Fabra & Massimo Motta & Martin Peitz, 2020, "Preparing for the Next Crisis: How to Secure the Supply of Essential Goods and Services," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany, number crctr224_2020_210, Aug.
• Andreas Irmen, 2020, "Endogenous Task-Based Technical Change - Factor Scarcity and Factor Prices -," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 8215.
• Giroud, Xavier & Dai, Min & Jiang, Wei & Wang, Neng, 2020, "A q Theory of Internal Capital Markets," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 15341, Oct.
• Nicole Jonker & Anneke Kosse, 2020, "The interplay of financial education, financial literacy, financial inclusion and financial, stability: Any lessons for the current Big Tech era?," Working Papers, DNB, number 692, Aug.
• Berger, Allen N. & Chen, Ruiyuan (Ryan) & El Ghoul, Sadok & Guedhami, Omrane, 2020, "Who wins and who loses from bank geographic deregulation? Analysis of financially constrained and unconstrained firms," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, volume 65, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2020.101775.
• Hori, Keiichi & Osano, Hiroshi, 2020, "Dynamic contract and discretionary termination policy under loss aversion," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 111, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2019.103794.
• Guthrie, Graeme, 2020, "Investment flexibility as a barrier to entry," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 116, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2020.103928.
• Keuschnigg, Christian & Kogler, Michael, 2020, "The Schumpeterian role of banks: Credit reallocation and capital structure," European Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 121, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2019.103349.
• Yu, Zhuangxiong & Zhang, Jie & Li, Jie, 2020, "Does going public imply short-termism in investment behavior? Evidence from China," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, volume 42, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.ememar.2019.100672.
• Huang, Zhen & Gao, Weiwei & Chen, Liying, 2020, "Does the external environment matter for the persistence of firms' debt policy?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, volume 32, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2018.12.021.
• Panagiotidis, Theodore & Printzis, Panagiotis, 2020, "What is the investment loss due to uncertainty?," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, volume 45, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.gfj.2019.100476.
• Siegert, Caspar & Ulbricht, Robert, 2020, "Dynamic oligopoly pricing: Evidence from the airline industry," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, volume 71, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2020.102639.
• Belissa, Temesgen Keno & Lensink, Robert & van Asseldonk, Marcel, 2020, "Risk and ambiguity aversion behavior in index-based insurance uptake decisions: Experimental evidence from Ethiopia," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, volume 180, issue C, pages 718-730, DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2019.07.018.
• van der Ploeg, Frederick & Rezai, Armon, 2020, "The risk of policy tipping and stranded carbon assets," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, volume 100, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2019.102258.
• Myers, Erica & Souza, Mateus, 2020, "Social comparison nudges without monetary incentives: Evidence from home energy reports," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, volume 101, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2020.102315.
• Gorno, Leandro & Iachan, Felipe S., 2020, "Competitive real options under private information," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, volume 185, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jet.2019.104945.
• Gryglewicz, Sebastian & Mayer, Simon & Morellec, Erwan, 2020, "Agency conflicts and short- versus long-termism in corporate policies," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, volume 136, issue 3, pages 718-742, DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2019.12.003.
• Dwenger, Nadja & Fossen, Frank M. & Simmler, Martin, 2020, "Firms’ financial and real responses to credit supply shocks: Evidence from firm-bank relationships in Germany," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, volume 41, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jfi.2018.01.003.
• Magni, Carlo Alberto & Marchioni, Andrea, 2020, "Average rates of return, working capital, and NPV-consistency in project appraisal: A sensitivity analysis approach," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, volume 229, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107769.
• Guthrie, Graeme, 2020, "Regulation, welfare, and the risk of asset stranding," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, volume 78, issue C, pages 273-287, DOI: 10.1016/j.qref.2020.04.001.
• Gül, Selçuk & Taştan, Hüseyin, 2020, "The impact of monetary policy stance, financial conditions, and the GFC on investment-cash flow sensitivity," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, volume 69, issue C, pages 692-707, DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2020.06.030.
• Bloom, Nick & Romer, Paul & Terry, Stephen & Van Reenen, John, 2020, "Trapped factors and China’s impact on global growth," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library, number 105013, Jul.
• Harry J. Paarsch & John Rust, 2020, "Implementing Faustmann–Marshall–Pressler at Scale: Stochastic Dynamic Programing in Space," Advances in Econometrics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, "The Econometrics of Networks", DOI: 10.1108/S0731-905320200000042011.
• Kurosaki, Takashi & Kubota, Yuichi & Obayashi, Kazuhiro, 2020, "Violence during Civil War, Risk Preference, and Time Preference: Evidence from North-West Pakistan," Economic Review, Hitotsubashi University, volume 71, issue 4, pages 317-332, October, DOI: 10.15057/70079.
• Frisancho, Verónica & Valdivia, Martín, 2020, "Savings Groups, Risk Coping, and Financial Inclusion in Rural Areas," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 10899, Dec, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002910.
• Andreas Irmen, 2020, "Endogenous Task-Based Technical Change - Factor Scarcity and Factor Prices," DEM Discussion Paper Series, Department of Economics at the University of Luxembourg, number 20-11.
• Scott R. Baker & Nicholas Bloom & Stephen J. Terry, 2020, "Using Disasters to Estimate the Impact of Uncertainty," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27167, May.
• Qiping Xu & Eric Zwick, 2020, "Tax Policy and Abnormal Investment Behavior," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27363, Jun.
• Matthew J. Higgins & Mathias J. Kronlund & Ji Min Park & Joshua Pollet, 2020, "The Role of Assets In Place: Loss of Market Exclusivity and Investment," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27588, Jul.
• David Hirshleifer & Joshua Plotkin, 2020, "Moonshots, Investment Booms, and Selection Bias in the Transmission of Cultural Traits," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27735, Aug.
• Erol Akcay & David Hirshleifer, 2020, "Social Finance: Cultural Evolution, Transmission Bias and Market Dynamics," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27745, Aug.
• Min Dai & Xavier Giroud & Wei Jiang & Neng Wang, 2020, "A q Theory of Internal Capital Markets," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27931, Oct.
• Junhong Yang, & Alessandra Guariglia & Yuchao Peng & Yukun Shi, 2020, "Inventory investment and the choice of financing: Does financial development play a role?," Discussion Papers, University of Nottingham, GEP, number 2020-14.
• Piątkowski, Marcin J., 2020, "Implementation of innovations in enterprises using the EU funds: A comparative analysis," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 101883, Jun.
• Hazans, Mihails & Pluta, Anna, 2020, "Tax incentives to encourage corporate investment in Latvia," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 118601, Oct.
• Magni, Carlo Alberto & Marchioni, Andrea, 2020, "Average rates of return, working capital, and NPV-consistency in project appraisal: A sensitivity analysis approach," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 99922, Apr.
• Haoxiang Tong & Boya Yu & Jing Wu & Guanping Zhou, 2020, "Political Connections, Financial Constraints and Long-term Growth," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, volume 10, issue 2, pages 1-4.
• William A. Pizer & Brian C. Prest, 2020, "Prices versus Quantities with Policy Updating," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, University of Chicago Press, volume 7, issue 3, pages 483-518, DOI: 10.1086/707142.
• Sunil Puliyakot, 2020, "Determinants of overindebtedness among microfinance borrowers: a poverty line-based approach," Asia-Pacific Sustainable Development Journal, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), volume 27, issue 1, pages 20-41, June.
• Irmen Andreas, 2020, "Endogenous task-based technical change—factor scarcity and factor prices," Economics and Business Review, Sciendo, volume 6, issue 2, pages 81-118, June, DOI: 10.18559/ebr.2020.2.6.
• Jinrui Pan & Jason Shachat & Sijia Wei, 2020, "Cognitive reflection and economic order quantity inventory management: An experimental investigation," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., volume 41, issue 6, pages 998-1009, September, DOI: 10.1002/mde.3154.
• Maurin, Laurent & Pál, Rozália, 2020, "Investment vs debt trade-offs in the post-COVID-19 European economy," EIB Working Papers, European Investment Bank (EIB), number 2020/09, DOI: 10.2867/417469.

2019

• Levi, Loïc & Latruffe, Laure & Ridier, Aude, 2019, "Farm performance and investment decisions: evidence from the French (Brittany) dairy sector," Working Papers, Institut National de la recherche Agronomique (INRA), Departement Sciences Sociales, Agriculture et Alimentation, Espace et Environnement (SAE2), number 285033, DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.285033.
• Hanna Fedosieieva, 2019, "Sustainable Development Of Agricultural Producers Is A Condition For Their Successful Functioning In The World Market," Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, Publishing house "Baltija Publishing", volume 5, issue 1, DOI: 10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-1-218-223.
• Gian Luca Clementi & Berardino Palazzo, 2019, "Investment and the Cross‐Section of Equity Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, volume 74, issue 1, pages 281-321, February, DOI: 10.1111/jofi.12730.
• JULES H. van BINSBERGEN & CHRISTIAN C. OPP, 2019, "Real Anomalies," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, volume 74, issue 4, pages 1659-1706, August, DOI: 10.1111/jofi.12771.
• Stephen G. Cecchetti & Enisse Kharroubi, 2019, "Why Does Credit Growth Crowd Out Real Economic Growth?," Manchester School, University of Manchester, volume 87, issue S1, pages 1-28, September, DOI: 10.1111/manc.12295.
• Xavier Fairise & Jérome Glachant, 2019, "Investissement et embauche avec coûts d’ajustement fixes et asymétriques," Revue d'économie politique, Dalloz, volume 129, issue 5, pages 693-713.
• Rick van der Ploeg & Armon Rezai, 2019, "The Risk of Policy Tipping and Stranded Carbon Assets," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 7769.
• Cesare Dosi & Michele Moretto & Roberto Tamborini, 2019, "Balanced-Budget Fiscal Stimuli of Investment and Welfare Value," EconPol Working Paper, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 28.
• Juan Celestino León-Mendoza, 2019, "Emprendimiento empresarial y crecimiento económico en Perú," Estudios Gerenciales, Universidad Icesi, volume 35, issue 153, pages 429-439.
• Rampini, Adriano A. & Viswanathan, S. & Vuillemey, Guillaume, 2019, "Risk Management in Financial Institutions," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 13787, Jun.
• Jianjun Miao, 2019, "Corporate Tax Policy and Long-Run Capital Formation: The Role of Irreversibility and Fixed Costs," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, volume 20, issue 1, pages 67-101, May.
• Li, Ye, 2019, "Fragile New Economy: The Rise of Intangible Capital and Financial Instability," Working Paper Series, Ohio State University, Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics, number 2018-19, Jan.
• Zhang, Lu, 2019, "Q-factors and Investment CAPM," Working Paper Series, Ohio State University, Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics, number 2019-30, Dec.
• Jørgensen, Steffen & Zaccour, Georges, 2019, "Optimal pricing and advertising policies for a one-time entertainment event," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 100, issue C, pages 395-416, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2019.01.007.
• Lukas, Elmar & Pereira, Paulo J. & Rodrigues, Artur, 2019, "Designing optimal M&A strategies under uncertainty," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 104, issue C, pages 1-20, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2019.04.006.
• Charnavoki, Valery, 2019, "Retail sales of durable goods, inventories and imports after large devaluations," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 108, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2019.103765.
• Foster, Joshua, 2019, "Thank you for being a friend: The roles of strong and weak social network ties in attracting backers to crowdfunded campaigns," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, volume 49, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.infoecopol.2019.100832.
• Smrkolj, Grega & Wagener, Florian, 2019, "Research among copycats: R&D, spillovers, and feedback strategies," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, volume 65, issue C, pages 82-120, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2019.02.002.
• Bauer, Daniel & Kamiya, Shinichi & Ping, Xiaohu & Zanjani, George, 2019, "Dynamic capital allocation with irreversible investments," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, volume 85, issue C, pages 138-152, DOI: 10.1016/j.insmatheco.2018.11.003.
• Hirsch, Julia & Walz, Uwe, 2019, "The financing dynamics of newly founded firms," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, volume 100, issue C, pages 261-272, DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2018.11.009.
• Shiller, Robert J. & Wojakowski, Rafal M. & Ebrahim, M. Shahid & Shackleton, Mark B., 2019, "Continuous Workout Mortgages: Efficient pricing and systemic implications," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, volume 157, issue C, pages 244-274, DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2017.12.006.
• Lorko, Matej & Servátka, Maroš & Zhang, Le, 2019, "Anchoring in project duration estimation," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, volume 162, issue C, pages 49-65, DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2019.04.014.
• Orland, Andreas & Roos, Michael W.M., 2019, "Price-setting with quadratic adjustment costs: Experimental evidence," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, volume 163, issue C, pages 88-116, DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2019.05.010.
• Battigalli, Pierpaolo & Corrao, Roberto & Dufwenberg, Martin, 2019, "Incorporating belief-dependent motivation in games," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, volume 167, issue C, pages 185-218, DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2019.04.009.
• Armstrong, Margaret & Langrené, Nicolas & Petter, Renato & Chen, Wen & Petter, Carlos, 2019, "Accounting for tailings dam failures in the valuation of mining projects," Resources Policy, Elsevier, volume 63, issue C, pages 1-1, DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101461.
• Marcelin, Isaac & Stephen, Sheryl-Ann K. & Fanta, Fassil & Tecklezion, Mussie, 2019, "Political regimes, investment and electoral uncertainty," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, volume 47, issue C, pages 580-599, DOI: 10.1016/j.ribaf.2018.10.003.
• Milcheva, Stanimira & Falkenbach, Heidi & Markmann, Holger, 2019, "Bank liquidity management through the issuance of bonds in the aftermath of the global financial crisis," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, volume 48, issue C, pages 32-47, DOI: 10.1016/j.ribaf.2018.12.003.
• Calcagnini, Giorgio & Giombini, Germana & Travaglini, Giuseppe, 2019, "A theoretical model of imperfect markets and investment," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, volume 50, issue C, pages 237-244, DOI: 10.1016/j.strueco.2019.07.005.
• Brice Corgnet & Cary Deck & Mark DeSantis & Kyle Hampton & Erik O. Kimbrough, 2019, "Reconsidering Rational Expectations and the Aggregation of Diverse Information in Laboratory Security Markets," Working Papers, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon St-Etienne (GATE Lyon St-Etienne), Université de Lyon, number 1920.
• Loic Levi & Laure Latruffe & Aude Ridier, 2019, "Farm performance and investment decisions: evidence from the French (Brittany) dairy sector," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-02077531.
• Helene Maisonnave & Ramos Mabugu & Margaret Chitiga & Véronique Robichaud, 2019, "Analysing Job Creation Effects of Scaling Up Infrastructure Spending in South Africa," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-02314226, Oct.
• Theodore Panagiotidis & Panagiotis Printzis, 2019, "What is the Investment Loss due to Uncertainty?," GreeSE – Hellenic Observatory Papers on Greece and Southeast Europe, Hellenic Observatory, LSE, number 138, Jul.
• Vladimir MYAKSHIN & Vladimir PETROV, 2019, "Evaluating The Investment Attractiveness Of A Region Based On The Balanced Scorecard Approach," Regional Science Inquiry, Hellenic Association of Regional Scientists, volume 0, issue 1, pages 55-64, June.
• Illia Stolnyk, 2019, "Theoretical Basis for Improving the Enterprise Financial Condition," Oblik i finansi, Institute of Accounting and Finance, issue 3, pages 107-112, September.
• Arnoud Boot & Vladimir Vladimirov, 2019, "(Non-)Precautionary Cash Hoarding and the Evolution of Growth Firms," Management Science, INFORMS, volume 65, issue 11, pages 5290-5307, November, DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.2018.3079.
• Berardino Palazzo, 2019, "Cash flows risk, capital structure, and corporate bond yields," Annals of Finance, Springer, volume 15, issue 3, pages 401-420, September, DOI: 10.1007/s10436-018-00342-9.
• Jackson Dorsey, 2019, "Waiting for the Courts: Effects of Policy Uncertainty on Pollution and Investment," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, volume 74, issue 4, pages 1453-1496, December, DOI: 10.1007/s10640-019-00375-2.
• Gianluca Femminis, 2019, "Risk aversion heterogeneity and the investment–uncertainty relationship," Journal of Economics, Springer, volume 127, issue 3, pages 223-264, August, DOI: 10.1007/s00712-018-0639-8.
• László Csorba, 2019, "Issues and Types of Adverse Selection and Negative Selection," Financial and Economic Review, Magyar Nemzeti Bank (Central Bank of Hungary), volume 18, issue 2, pages 87-116.
• Adriano A. Rampini & S. Viswanathan & Guillaume Vuillemey, 2019, "Risk Management in Financial Institutions," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 25698, Mar.
• Namrata Kala, 2019, "The Impacts of Managerial Autonomy on Firm Outcomes," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 26304, Sep.
• Ching-mu Chen & Wan-Jung Cheng & Shin-Kun Peng & Raymond Riezman & Ping Wang, 2019, "Trade Wars, Technology and Productivity," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 26468, Nov.
• Wen-Tai Hsu & Raymond G. Riezman & Ping Wang, 2019, "Innovation, Growth, and Dynamic Gains from Trade," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 26470, Nov.
• Theodore Panagiotidis & Panagiotis Printzis, 2019, "What is the Investment Loss due to Uncertainty?," Working Papers, Leibniz Institut für Ost- und Südosteuropaforschung (Leibniz Institute for East and Southeast European Studies), number 383, Aug.
• Shachat, Jason & Pan, Jinrui & Wei, Sijia, 2019, "Cognitive reflection and economic order quantity inventory management: An experimental investigation," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 92554, Mar.
• Lorko, Matej & Servátka, Maroš & Zhang, Le, 2019, "Anchoring in Project Duration Estimation," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 93322, Apr.
• Loïc Levi & Laure Latruffe & Aude Ridier, 2019, "Farm performance and investment decisions: evidence from the French (Brittany) dairy sector," Working Papers SMART, INRAE UMR SMART, number 19-01.
• Susara Johanna Ferreira, 2019, "Financial well-being amongst different races in South Africa," Proceedings of Economics and Finance Conferences, International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, number 9511450, Oct.