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The Extent of Hypothetical Bias in Willingness to Accept

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  • Jerrod M. Penn
  • Wuyang Hu

Abstract

Hypothetical bias (HB) is often considered a main source of weakness for valuation surveys of any kind and the bias is thought to be even stronger if the valuation process is framed as willingness to accept (WTA) rather than willingness to pay (WTP). Using data collected after reviewing both published and unpublished articles, we conduct a meta‐analysis of whether and to what extent WTA studies may have HB. Out of the eighty‐six records from twenty‐one studies that used WTA elicitation methods in both hypothetical and real elicitations, one study appears to have influenced the perception of extreme HB in WTA. Most exhibit no evidence of HB or evidence that it is a less severe problem for hypothetical WTA studies compared to historic patterns for WTP studies. We then conduct a field experiment eliciting both hypothetical and real WTA for a container of honey. Results show no evidence of HB based on no significant difference in WTA between the two treatments. Our findings challenge the long‐held belief to avoid WTA elicitations for fear of exaggerated economic values and associated HB.

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  • Jerrod M. Penn & Wuyang Hu, 2021. "The Extent of Hypothetical Bias in Willingness to Accept," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 103(1), pages 126-141, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:ajagec:v:103:y:2021:i:1:p:126-141
    DOI: 10.1111/ajae.12121
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    5. Wen Lin, 2023. "The effect of product quantity on willingness to pay: A meta‐regression analysis of beef valuation studies," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(3), pages 646-663, July.
    6. Lin, Wen & Ma, Baojie & Liang, Jiangyuan & Jin, Shaosheng, 2024. "Price response to government disclosure of food safety information in developing markets," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).

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