IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/agfoec/v4y2016i1d10.1186_s40100-016-0050-0.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Do CAP direct payments stabilise farm income? Empirical evidences from a constant sample of Italian farms

Author

Listed:
  • S. Severini

    (Università della Tuscia–DAFNE)

  • A. Tantari

    (Università della Tuscia–DAFNE)

  • G. Di Tommaso

    (Università della Tuscia–DAFNE)

Abstract

Common Agricultural Policy uses a large share of its budget to support and stabilise the income of EU farmers by means of direct payments (DP). This paper assesses how much and how DP reduce the variability of farm income over time. The analysis is developed on a constant sample of 2402 Italian farms during the decade 2003–2012. It considers both the whole sample and farms grouped according to: types of farming; economic size classes; relative importance of DP. Income variability is analysed by mean of variance decomposition by income components. Variability of farm income over time is high and most of it is coming from the revenue component. The DP stabilise farm income and this is mainly because DP are less variable than the remaining part of income. Indeed, DP are found to play a very limited countercyclical role against fluctuations of the remaining part of farm income. Finally, DP are not targeted to those farms facing the highest level of income variability. These latter two results suggest that, while DP stabilise farm income, there is a potentially large room of manoeuvre for increasing the efficiency of DP as income stabilising tool.

Suggested Citation

  • S. Severini & A. Tantari & G. Di Tommaso, 2016. "Do CAP direct payments stabilise farm income? Empirical evidences from a constant sample of Italian farms," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 4(1), pages 1-17, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:agfoec:v:4:y:2016:i:1:d:10.1186_s40100-016-0050-0
    DOI: 10.1186/s40100-016-0050-0
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1186/s40100-016-0050-0
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1186/s40100-016-0050-0?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Oscar R. Burt & Robert M. Finley, 1968. "Statistical Analysis of Identities in Random Variables," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 50(3), pages 734-744.
    2. Joleen C. Hadrich, 2013. "Quantifying the sources of revenue variation in the Northern Great Plains," Agricultural Finance Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 73(3), pages 493-506, November.
    3. Finger, J M & Kreinin, M E, 1979. "A Measure of 'Export Similarity' and Its Possible Uses," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 89(356), pages 905-912, December.
    4. Enjolras, Geoffroy & Capitanio, Fabian & Aubert, Magali & Adinolfi, Felice, 2012. "Direct payments, crop insurance and the volatility of farm income. Some evidence in France and in Italy," 123rd Seminar, February 23-24, 2012, Dublin, Ireland 122478, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    5. Carlo Cafiero & Fabian Capitanio & Antonio Cioffi & Adele Coppola, 2007. "Risk and Crisis Management in the Reformed European Agricultural Policy," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 55(4), pages 419-441, December.
    6. Offutt, Susan E. & Blandford, David, 1986. "Commodity market instability : Empirical techniques for analysis," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 12(1), pages 62-72, March.
    7. Ashok K. Mishra & Carmen L. Sandretto, 2002. "Stability of Farm Income and the Role of Nonfarm Income in U.S. Agriculture," Review of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 24(1), pages 208-221.
    8. Nadja El Benni & Robert Finger & Stefan Mann, 2012. "Effects of agricultural policy reforms and farm characteristics on income risk in Swiss agriculture," Agricultural Finance Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 72(3), pages 301-324, November.
    9. Mishra, Ashok K. & El-Osta, Hisham S. & Morehart, Mitchell J. & Johnson, James D. & Hopkins, Jeffrey W., 2002. "Income, Wealth, And The Economic Well-Being Of Farm Households," Agricultural Economic Reports 33967, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Štefan Bojnec & Imre Fertő, 2019. "Do CAP subsidies stabilise farm income in Hungary and Slovenia?," Agricultural Economics, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 65(3), pages 103-111.
    2. Gecaj, Merita & Shahu, Edmira Ozuni & Imami, Drini & Skreli, Engjell & Jambor, Attila, 2018. "Analysing the impact of subsidies in the Albanian agriculture sector – A comparative approach," 162nd Seminar, April 26-27, 2018, Budapest, Hungary 271964, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    3. Balezentis, Tomas & Ribasauskiene, Erika & Morkunas, Mangirdas & Volkov, Artiom & Streimikiene, Dalia & Toma, Pierluigi, 2020. "Young farmers’ support under the Common Agricultural Policy and sustainability of rural regions: Evidence from Lithuania," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    4. Severini, Simone & Biagini, Luigi & Finger, Robert, 2019. "Modeling agricultural risk management policies – The implementation of the Income Stabilization Tool in Italy," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 140-155.
    5. Harkness, Caroline & Areal, Francisco J. & Semenov, Mikhail A. & Senapati, Nimai & Shield, Ian F. & Bishop, Jacob, 2023. "Towards stability of food production and farm income in a variable climate," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 204(PA).
    6. Maria Bruna Zolin & Andrea Pastore & Martina Mazzarolo, 2020. "Common agricultural policy and sustainable management of areas with natural handicaps. The Veneto Region case study," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(8), pages 7587-7605, December.
    7. Orlando Cimino & Marco Vassallo & Roberto Henke & Francesco Vanni, 2021. "Income Diversification Strategies of Italian Peri-Urban Farms: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-23, July.
    8. Tanya Georgieva, 2020. "Direct Payments as a Risk Management Tool in Bulgarian Agriculture," Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series, Union of Scientists - Varna, Economic Sciences Section, vol. 9(2), pages 160-168, August.
    9. Harkness, Caroline & Areal, Francisco J. & Semenov, Mikhail A. & Senapati, Nimai & Shield, Ian F. & Bishop, Jacob, 2021. "Stability of farm income: The role of agricultural diversity and agri-environment scheme payments," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    10. Marius Michels & Johannes Möllmann & Oliver Musshoff, 2020. "German Farmers’ Perspectives on Direct Payments in the Common Agricultural Policy," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 19(1), pages 48-52, April.
    11. Karahan, Mizgin & Abay, Canan & Ito, Ryoji, 2023. "Determining Factors of Retaining Young Farmers in Agriculture: A Case study in Turkey and Japan," AGRIS on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Economics and Management, vol. 15(2), June.
    12. Agnė Žičkienė & Rasa Melnikienė & Mangirdas Morkūnas & Artiom Volkov, 2022. "CAP Direct Payments and Economic Resilience of Agriculture: Impact Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-24, August.
    13. Stefano Ciliberti & Angelo Frascarelli, 2018. "The CAP 2013 reform of direct payments: redistributive effects and impacts on farm income concentration in Italy," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 6(1), pages 1-18, December.
    14. Luigi Biagini & Simone Severini, 2021. "The role of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in enhancing and stabilising farm income: an analysis of income transfer efficiency and the Income Stabilisation Tool," Papers 2104.14188, arXiv.org.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. S. Severini & A. Tantari & G. Di Tommaso, 2016. "Do CAP direct payments stabilise farm income? Empirical evidences from a constant sample of Italian farms," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 4(1), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Severini, Simone & Tantari, Antonella & Di Tommaso, Giuliano, 2016. "The instability of farm income. Empirical evidences on aggregation bias and heterogeneity among farm groups," Bio-based and Applied Economics Journal, Italian Association of Agricultural and Applied Economics (AIEAA), vol. 5(1), pages 1-19, April.
    3. Simone Severini & Giuliano Di Tommaso & Hovhannes Harutyunyan & Antonella Tantari, 2016. "Price and Yield As Sources of Variability of Farm Revenues in Transition Economies: The Case of Armenia," Applied Economics and Finance, Redfame publishing, vol. 3(4), pages 157-167, November.
    4. Edward Knapp & Jason Loughrey, 2017. "The single farm payment and income risk in Irish farms 2005–2013," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 5(1), pages 1-15, December.
    5. de Mey, Yann & Wauters, Erwin & Lips, Markus & Schmid, Dirk & Vancauteren, Mark & Van Passel, Steven, 2014. "Farm household risk balancing in Switzerland and Belgium: an econometric and survey approach," 2014 International Congress, August 26-29, 2014, Ljubljana, Slovenia 186678, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    6. Harkness, Caroline & Areal, Francisco J. & Semenov, Mikhail A. & Senapati, Nimai & Shield, Ian F. & Bishop, Jacob, 2021. "Stability of farm income: The role of agricultural diversity and agri-environment scheme payments," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    7. Atomu Nitta & Yasutaka Yamamoto & Simone Severini & Katsunobu Kondo & Daisuke Sawauchi, 2022. "Effects of direct payments on rice income variability in Japan," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 66(1), pages 118-135, January.
    8. Yann de Mey & Erwin Wauters & Dierk Schmid & Markus Lips & Mark Vancauteren & Steven Van Passel, 2016. "Farm household risk balancing: empirical evidence from Switzerland," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 43(4), pages 637-662.
    9. Key, Nigel & Prager, Daniel & Burns, Christopher, 2017. "Farm Household Income Volatility: An Analysis Using Panel Data From a National Survey," Economic Research Report 256710, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    10. El Benni, Nadja & Finger, Robert, 2014. "Where is the risk? Price, yield and cost risk in Swiss crop production," Review of Agricultural and Environmental Studies - Revue d'Etudes en Agriculture et Environnement (RAEStud), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), vol. 95(3).
    11. Blank, Steven C., 2005. "Hedging with off-farm income: implications for production and investment decisions across farm sizes," 2005 Annual Meeting, July 6-8, 2005, San Francisco, California 291741, Western Agricultural Economics Association.
    12. Vergara, Oscar & Coble, Keith H. & Patrick, George F. & Knight, Thomas O. & Baquet, Alan E., 2004. "Farm Income Variability and the Supply of Off-Farm Labor by Limited-Resource Farmers," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Southern Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 36(2), pages 1-13, August.
    13. Harkness, Caroline & Areal, Francisco J. & Semenov, Mikhail A. & Senapati, Nimai & Shield, Ian F. & Bishop, Jacob, 2023. "Towards stability of food production and farm income in a variable climate," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 204(PA).
    14. Simone Severini & Giuliano Di Tommaso & Robert Finger, 2019. "Effects of the Income Stabilization Tool on farm income level, variability and concentration in Italian agriculture," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 7(1), pages 1-22, December.
    15. Mishra, Ashok K. & Moss, Charles B., 2013. "Modeling the effect of off-farm income on farmland values: A quantile regression approach," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 361-368.
    16. Unknown, 2023. "Farmer’s adoption of agricultural insurance for Mediterranean crops as an innovative behavior," Economia agro-alimentare / Food Economy, Italian Society of Agri-food Economics/Società Italiana di Economia Agro-Alimentare (SIEA), vol. 25(2), October.
    17. Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge & Mishra, Ashok K. & Nehring, Richard F. & Hendricks, Chad & Southern, Malaya & Gregory, Alexandra, 2007. "Off-Farm Income, Technology Adoption, And Farm Economic Performance," Economic Research Report 7234, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    18. Severini, Simone & Tantari, Antonella, 2014. "The contribution of different off-farm income sources and government payments to regional income inequality among farm households in Italy," Bio-based and Applied Economics Journal, Italian Association of Agricultural and Applied Economics (AIEAA), vol. 3(2), pages 1-17, August.
    19. Key, Nigel & Prager, Daniel & Burns, Christopher, 2015. "Household Income Volatility in U.S. Farm Households," 2015 AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting, July 26-28, San Francisco, California 205407, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    20. Nehring, Richard & Mishra, Ashok K. & Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge & Hallahan, Charlie & Erickson, Kenneth & Harris, Michael, 2013. "Off-Farm Work and Economic Performance on Corn Farms," 2013 Annual Meeting, August 4-6, 2013, Washington, D.C. 151422, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Farm income; Farm management; Common agricultural policy; Variance decomposition; Direct payments;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q12 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
    • Q18 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy; Animal Welfare Policy
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:agfoec:v:4:y:2016:i:1:d:10.1186_s40100-016-0050-0. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.