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Impact Evaluation of Traditional Basmati Rice Cultivation in Uttarakhand State of Northern India: What Implications Does It Hold for Geographical Indications?

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  • Jena, Pradyot R.
  • Grote, Ulrike

Abstract

This paper contributes to the impact evaluation of GIs by carrying out a case study of Basmati rice in India. Although Basmati rice is not yet an official GI, its long standing reputation for quality and GI-like protection by major importing countries except the United States (US) has rendered it a mirror image of a GI good. The analysis is based on a survey of 299 Basmati and nonBasmati rice farmers in Uttarakhand, one of the Northern states1India, officially Republic of India is a republic comprised of 28 constituent states and seven Union territories. These states and union territories are partially self-governing states or regions united by a central (federal) government. In India, this self-governing status of the component states is typically constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a unilateral decision of the central government.1 of India. The empirical strategy of the paper is three-pronged. First, a net income analysis has been carried out to elicit the net benefits of Basmati rice as opposed to nonBasmati rice and another competing crop in that region such as sugarcane. The findings show that Basmati rice is more profitable than the nonBasmati varieties but less so than sugarcane. In the second stage, the endogeneity-corrected Heckman selection model reveals that Basmati adoption has increased welfare of the households. Finally, a Tobit model is estimated to investigate the determining factors of Basmati adoption among the farmer households. The determining factors are found to be access to extension training facilities, a credible hedge against risk, and the availability of household labor.

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  • Jena, Pradyot R. & Grote, Ulrike, 2012. "Impact Evaluation of Traditional Basmati Rice Cultivation in Uttarakhand State of Northern India: What Implications Does It Hold for Geographical Indications?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 40(9), pages 1895-1907.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:wdevel:v:40:y:2012:i:9:p:1895-1907
    DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.04.004
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    2. Osterhoudt, Sarah & Galvin, Shaila Seshia & Graef, Dana J. & Saxena, Alder Keleman & Dove, Michael R., 2020. "Chains of Meaning: Crops, commodities, and the ‘in-between’ spaces of trade," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    3. Subir Bairagi & Marie Claire Custodio & Alvaro Durand-Morat & Matty Demont, 2021. "Preserving cultural heritage through the valorization of Cordillera heirloom rice in the Philippines," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 38(1), pages 257-270, February.
    4. Pradyot Ranjan Jena & Chuthaporn Ngokkuen & Dil Bahadur Rahut & Ulrike Grote, 2015. "Geographical indication protection and rural livelihoods: insights from India and Thailand," Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, The Crawford School, The Australian National University, vol. 29(1), pages 174-185, May.
    5. N. Lalitha & Madhusudan Bandi & Soumya Vinayan, 2021. "Bhalia wheat in Gujarat: Does geographical indication registration have a role in arresting the decline?," Journal of Social and Economic Development, Springer;Institute for Social and Economic Change, vol. 23(1), pages 93-112, June.
    6. Napasintuwong, Orachos, "undated". "Survey of Recent Innovations in Aromatic Rice," 131st Seminar, September 18-19, 2012, Prague, Czech Republic 135770, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    7. Emilie Vandecandelaere & Luis Fernando Samper & Andrés Rey & Ana Daza & Pablo Mejía & Florence Tartanac & Massimo Vittori, 2021. "The Geographical Indication Pathway to Sustainability: A Framework to Assess and Monitor the Contributions of Geographical Indications to Sustainability through a Participatory Process," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-20, July.
    8. Frank Eyhorn & Marrit Van den Berg & Charlotte Decock & Harro Maat & Ashish Srivastava, 2018. "Does Organic Farming Provide a Viable Alternative for Smallholder Rice Farmers in India?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-15, November.
    9. Biénabe, Estelle & Marie-Vivien, Delphine, 2017. "Institutionalizing Geographical Indications in Southern Countries: Lessons Learned from Basmati and Rooibos," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 58-67.
    10. Marie-Vivien, Delphine & Biénabe, Estelle, 2017. "The Multifaceted Role of the State in the Protection of Geographical Indications: A Worldwide Review," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 1-11.
    11. Baliga, Vikram & Shetty, Santhosha G. & Gil, Mathew Thomas & Shenoy, Ravindra & Rao, Krithika, 2024. "Analysing Purchase Preference Towards Geographical Indications (GIs) Using Consumer Segmentation Approach," AGRIS on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Economics and Management, vol. 16(2), June.
    12. Török, Áron & Maró, Zalán Márk, 2020. "A földrajzi árujelzők gazdaságtana - az empirikus bizonyítékok [The economics of geographical indicators - empirical evidence]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(3), pages 263-288.
    13. Belletti, Giovanni & Marescotti, Andrea & Touzard, Jean-Marc, 2017. "Geographical Indications, Public Goods, and Sustainable Development: The Roles of Actors’ Strategies and Public Policies," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 45-57.
    14. Hongkai Qie & Hui Chen & Yong Lu & Xiaoyu Zhao & Zhiwei Wang, 2025. "RETRACTED ARTICLE: Evaluating the Impact of Agricultural Product Geographical Indication Program on Rural Income: A Case Study of the Yangtze River Delta Region in China," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 16(1), pages 556-580, March.
    15. Áron Török & Lili Jantyik & Zalán Márk Maró & Hazel V. J. Moir, 2020. "Understanding the Real-World Impact of Geographical Indications: A Critical Review of the Empirical Economic Literature," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-24, November.
    16. Ditzler, L. & Breland, T.A. & Francis, C. & Chakraborty, M. & Singh, D.K. & Srivastava, A. & Eyhorn, F. & Groot, J.C.J. & Six, J. & Decock, C., 2018. "Identifying viable nutrient management interventions at the farm level: The case of smallholder organic Basmati rice production in Uttarakhand, India," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 61-71.

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