Growth impact of climate change and response policies: The advanced climate change long-term (ACCL) model1
Author
Abstract
Suggested Citation
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2021.10.001
Download full text from publisher
As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to
for a different version of it.References listed on IDEAS
- Valentina Bosetti & Carlo Carraro & Marzio Galeotti & Emanuele Massetti & Massimo Tavoni, 2006. "WITCH. A World Induced Technical Change Hybrid Model," Working Papers 2006_46, Department of Economics, University of Venice "Ca' Foscari".
- Claire Alestra & Gilbert Cette & Valérie Chouard & Rémy Lecat, 2020.
"Long-term growth impact of climate change and policies: the Advanced Climate Change Long-term (ACCL) scenario building model,"
Working Papers
halshs-02505088, HAL.
- Claire Alestra & Gilbert Cette & Valérie Chouard & Rémy Lecat, 2020. "Long-term growth impact of climate change and policies: the Advanced Climate Change Long-term (ACCL) scenario building model," Working papers 759, Banque de France.
- Claire Alestra & Gilbert Cette & Valérie Chouard & Rémy Lecat, 2020. "Long-term growth impact of climate change and policies: the Advanced Climate Change Long-term (ACCL) scenario building model," AMSE Working Papers 2007, Aix-Marseille School of Economics, France.
- Nordhaus, William D & Yang, Zili, 1996. "A Regional Dynamic General-Equilibrium Model of Alternative Climate-Change Strategies," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 86(4), pages 741-765, September.
- William Nordhaus, 2018.
"Projections and Uncertainties about Climate Change in an Era of Minimal Climate Policies,"
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 10(3), pages 333-360, August.
- William D. Nordhaus, 2016. "Projections and uncertainties about climate change in an era of minimal climate policies," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 2057, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
- William D. Nordhaus, 2016. "Projections and Uncertainties About Climate Change in an Era of Minimal Climate Policies," NBER Working Papers 22933, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Gilbert Cette & Jimmy Lopez & Jacques Mairesse, 2016.
"Market Regulations, Prices, and Productivity,"
American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 106(5), pages 104-108, May.
- Gilbert Cette & Jimmy Lopez & Jacques Mairesse, 2016. "Market Regulations, Prices, and Productivity," Post-Print hal-01344484, HAL.
- Gilbert Cette & Jimmy Lopez & Jacques Mairesse, 2018.
"Rent creation and sharing: new measures and impacts on TFP,"
Working papers
674, Banque de France.
- Gilbert Cette & Jimmy Lopez & Jacques Mairesse, 2018. "Rent Creation and Sharing: New Measures and Impactson TFP," NBER Working Papers 24426, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Gilbert Cette & Jimmy Lopez & Jacques Mairesse, 2019. "Rent Creation and Rent Sharing: New Measures and Impacts on Total Factor Productivity," Post-Print hal-02279411, HAL.
- Solomon Hsiang & Robert E. Kopp, 2018.
"An Economist's Guide to Climate Change Science,"
Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 32(4), pages 3-32, Fall.
- Solomon Hsiang & Robert E. Kopp, 2018. "An Economist’s Guide to Climate Change Science," NBER Working Papers 25189, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Antonin Bergeaud & Gilbert Cette & Rémy Lecat, 2018.
"The role of production factor quality and technology diffusion in twentieth-century productivity growth,"
Cliometrica, Springer;Cliometric Society (Association Francaise de Cliométrie), vol. 12(1), pages 61-97, January.
- Antonin Bergeaud & Gilbert Cette & Rémy Lecat, 2018. "The role of production factor quality and technology diffusion in twentieth-century productivity growth," Cliometrica, Journal of Historical Economics and Econometric History, Association Française de Cliométrie (AFC), vol. 12(1), pages 61-97, January.
- Antonin Bergeaud & Cette Gilbert & Rémy Lecat, 2018. "The role of production factor quality and technology diffusion in twentieth-century productivity growth," Post-Print hal-01724339, HAL.
- Manne, Alan & Mendelsohn, Robert & Richels, Richard, 1995. "MERGE : A model for evaluating regional and global effects of GHG reduction policies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 23(1), pages 17-34, January.
- David I. Stern, 2012.
"Interfuel Substitution: A Meta‐Analysis,"
Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(2), pages 307-331, April.
- David I.Stern, 2009. "Interfuel Substitution: A Meta Analysis," Environmental Economics Research Hub Research Reports 0933, Environmental Economics Research Hub, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.
- Stern, David I., 2009. "Interfuel Substitution: A Meta-Analysis," Research Reports 94882, Australian National University, Environmental Economics Research Hub.
- Stern, David I., 2009. "Interfuel Substitution: A Meta-Analysis," MPRA Paper 13734, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- David I. Stern, 2009. "Interfuel Substitution: A Meta-Analysis," Departmental Working Papers 2009-06, The Australian National University, Arndt-Corden Department of Economics.
- Jean Chateau & Rob Dellink & Elisa Lanzi, 2014. "An Overview of the OECD ENV-Linkages Model: Version 3," OECD Environment Working Papers 65, OECD Publishing.
- Tol, Richard S.J., 2005.
"Emission abatement versus development as strategies to reduce vulnerability to climate change: an application of FUND,"
Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 10(5), pages 615-629, October.
- Richard S.J. Tol, 2002. "Emission Abatement Versus Development As Strategies To Reduce Vulnerability To Climate Change: An Application Of Fund," Working Papers FNU-12, Research unit Sustainability and Global Change, Hamburg University, revised Apr 2002.
- Antonin Bergeaud & Gilbert Cette & Rémy Lecat, 2016.
"Productivity Trends in Advanced Countries between 1890 and 2012,"
Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 62(3), pages 420-444, September.
- Antonin Bergeaud & Gilbert Cette & Rémy Lecat, 2016. "Productivity Trends in Advanced Countries between 1890 and 2012," Post-Print hal-01440309, HAL.
- Waldhoff, Stephanie & Anthoff, David & Rose, Steven K. & Tol, Richard S. J., 2014.
"The marginal damage costs of different greenhouse gases: An application of FUND,"
Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy, vol. 8, pages 1-33.
- Anthoff, David & Rose, Steven K. & Tol, Richard S. J. & Waldhoff, Stephanie, 2011. "The Marginal Damage Costs of Different Greenhouse Gases: An Application of FUND," Papers WP380, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
- Waldhoff, Stephanie & Anthoff, David & Rose, Steven & Tol, Richard S. J., 2011. "The marginal damage costs of different greenhouse gases: An application of FUND," Economics Discussion Papers 2011-43, Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
- Stiglitz, Joseph E., 2019.
"Addressing climate change through price and non-price interventions,"
European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 594-612.
- Joseph E. Stiglitz, 2019. "Addressing Climate Change through Price and Non-Price Interventions," NBER Working Papers 25939, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- repec:hal:journl:hal-03564722 is not listed on IDEAS
- Chris Papageorgiou & Marianne Saam & Patrick Schulte, 2017. "Substitution between Clean and Dirty Energy Inputs: A Macroeconomic Perspective," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 99(2), pages 281-290, May.
- Gilbert Cette & Jimmy Lopez & Jacques Mairesse, 2016.
"Product and Labour Market Regulations, Production Prices, Wages and Productivity,"
Review of Economics and Institutions, Università di Perugia, vol. 7(2).
- Gilbert Cette & Jimmy Lopez & Jacques Mairesse, 2014. "Product and Labor Market Regulations, Production Prices, Wages and Productivity," Working papers 514, Banque de France.
- Gilbert Cette & Jimmy Lopez & Jacques Mairesse, 2016. "Product and Labour Market Regulations, Production Prices, Wages and Productivity," Post-Print hal-01505783, HAL.
- Gilbert Cette & Jimmy Lopez & Jacques Mairesse, 2014. "Product and Labor Market Regulations, Production Prices, Wages and Productivity," NBER Working Papers 20563, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Cette, Gilbert & Lopez, Jimmy & Mairesse, Jacques, 2015. "Product and labour market regulations, production prices, wages and productivity," MERIT Working Papers 2015-028, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
- repec:aen:journl:2006se_jaccard-a02 is not listed on IDEAS
- Barro, Robert J. & Lee, Jong Wha, 2013.
"A new data set of educational attainment in the world, 1950–2010,"
Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 184-198.
- Robert J. Barro & Jong-Wha Lee, 2010. "A New Data Set of Educational Attainment in the World, 1950-2010," NBER Working Papers 15902, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- William D. Nordhaus & Andrew Moffat, 2017. "A Survey of Global Impacts of Climate Change: Replication, Survey Methods, and a Statistical Analysis," NBER Working Papers 23646, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Kenneth Gillingham & James H. Stock, 2018. "The Cost of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 32(4), pages 53-72, Fall.
- Cette, Gilbert & Mairesse, Jacques & Kocoglu, Yusuf, 2005.
"ICT diffusion and potential output growth,"
Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 87(2), pages 231-234, May.
- Gilbert Cette & Jacques Mairesse & Yusuf Kocoglu, 2004. "ICT Diffusion and Potential Output Growth," Working papers 112, Banque de France.
- Gilbert Cette & Jacques Mairesse & Yusuf Kocoglu, 2005. "ICT diffusion and potential output growth," Post-Print hal-01295834, HAL.
- Maximilian Auffhammer, 2018. "Quantifying Economic Damages from Climate Change," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 32(4), pages 33-52, Fall.
- Deke, Oliver & Hooss, Kurt Georg & Kasten, Christiane & Klepper, Gernot & Springer, Katrin, 2001. "Economic impact of climate change: simulations with a regionalized climate-economy model," Kiel Working Papers 1065, Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
- Alberth, S. & Hope, C., 2006. "Developing the PAGE2002 Model with Endogenous Technical Change," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 0632, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
- Stephan Alberth & Chris Hope, 2006. "Developing the PAGE2002 Model with Endogenous Technical Change," Working Papers EPRG 0613, Energy Policy Research Group, Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge.
- repec:aen:journl:ej37-2-stern is not listed on IDEAS
- Isabell Koske & Isabelle Wanner & Rosamaria Bitetti & Omar Barbiero, 2015. "The 2013 update of the OECD's database on product market regulation: Policy insights for OECD and non-OECD countries," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1200, OECD Publishing.
Citations
Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
Cited by:
- Opoku, Eric Evans Osei & Acheampong, Alex O., 2023. "Energy justice and economic growth: Does democracy matter?," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 160-186.
- Najar, Nadeem Akbar & Jana, Arnab & Parthasarathy, D., 2025. "Addressing climatic uncertainty through fleet optimization for robust winter road maintenance policy design," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 47(1), pages 134-149.
- Aiello, Maria Alessia & Angelico, Cristina, 2023.
"Climate change and credit risk: The effect of carbon tax on Italian banks' business loan default rates,"
Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 187-201.
- Maria Alessia Aiello & Cristina Angelico, 2022. "Climate change and credit risk: the effect of carbon taxes on Italian banks' business loan default rates," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 688, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
Most related items
These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.- Claire Alestra & Gilbert Cette & Valérie Chouard & Rémy Lecat, 2020.
"Long-term growth impact of climate change and policies: the Advanced Climate Change Long-term (ACCL) scenario building model,"
Working Papers
halshs-02505088, HAL.
- Claire Alestra & Gilbert Cette & Valérie Chouard & Rémy Lecat, 2020. "Long-term growth impact of climate change and policies: the Advanced Climate Change Long-term (ACCL) scenario building model," AMSE Working Papers 2007, Aix-Marseille School of Economics, France.
- Claire Alestra & Gilbert Cette & Valérie Chouard & Rémy Lecat, 2020. "Long-term growth impact of climate change and policies: the Advanced Climate Change Long-term (ACCL) scenario building model," Working papers 759, Banque de France.
- Claire Alestra & Gilbert Cette & Valérie Chouard & Rémy Lecat, 2024.
"How can technology significantly contribute to climate change mitigation?,"
Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 56(41), pages 4925-4937, September.
- Claire Alestra & Gilbert Cette & Valérie Chouard & Rémy Lecat, 2023. "How Can Technology Significantly Contribute to Climate Change Mitigation?," Working papers 909, Banque de France.
- Claire Alestra & Gilbert Cette & Valérie Chouard & Rémy Lecat, 2024. "How can technology significantly contribute to climate change mitigation?," Post-Print hal-04184412, HAL.
- Claire Alestra & Gilbert Cette & Valérie Chouard & Rémy Lecat, 2023. "How can technology significantly contribute to climate change mitigation?," Working Papers hal-03924629, HAL.
- Claire Alestra & Gilbert Cette & Valérie Chouard & Rémy Lecat, 2023. "How can technology significantly contribute to climate change mitigation?," AMSE Working Papers 2301, Aix-Marseille School of Economics, France.
- Richard S.J. Tol, 2021. "Estimates of the social cost of carbon have not changed over time," Working Paper Series 0821, Department of Economics, University of Sussex Business School.
- Castellini, Marta & Castelli, Chiara & Gusperti, Camilla & Lupi, Veronica & Vergalli, Sergio, 2025.
"Balancing climate policies and economic development in the Mediterranean countries,"
Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
- Chiara Castelli & Marta Castellini & Camilla Gusperti & Veronica Lupi & Sergio Vergalli, 2024. "Balancing Climate Policies and Economic Development in the Mediterranean Countries," Working Papers 2024.20, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.
- Castelli, Chiara & Castellini, Marta & Gusperti, Camilla & Lupi, Veronica & Vergalli, Sergio, 2024. "Balancing Climate Policies and Economic Development in the Mediterranean Countries," FEEM Working Papers 344175, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM).
- Bhadury, Soumya & Pratap, Bhanu & Gajbhiye, Dhirendra, 2025. "Transition to a greener economy: Climate change risks and resilience in a state-space framework," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
- Richard S. J. Tol, 2021. "Estimates of the social cost of carbon have increased over time," Papers 2105.03656, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2022.
- Tol, Richard S.J., 2024.
"A meta-analysis of the total economic impact of climate change,"
Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
- Richard S.J. Tol, 2022. "A meta-analysis of the total economic impact of climate change," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 22-056/VIII, Tinbergen Institute.
- Richard S.J. Tol, 2022. "A meta-analysis of the total economic impact of climate change," Working Paper Series 0422, Department of Economics, University of Sussex Business School.
- Richard S.J. Tol & Richard S. J. Tol, 2022. "A Meta-Analysis of the Total Economic Impact of Climate Change," CESifo Working Paper Series 9919, CESifo.
- Richard S. J. Tol, 2022. "A meta-analysis of the total economic impact of climate change," Papers 2207.12199, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2022.
- Javier Moreno & Juan Pablo Medina & Rodrigo Palma-Behnke, 2023. "Latin America’s Renewable Energy Impact: Climate Change and Global Economic Consequences," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-48, December.
- Rogna, Marco & Vogt, Carla J., 2021. "Accounting for inequality aversion can justify the 2° C goal," Ruhr Economic Papers 925, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
- Nelson, Tim & Pascoe, Owen & Calais, Prabpreet & Mitchell, Lily & McNeill, Judith, 2019. "Efficient integration of climate and energy policy in Australia’s National Electricity Market," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 178-193.
- Koji Tokimatsu & Louis Dupuy & Nick Hanley, 2019.
"Using Genuine Savings for Climate Policy Evaluation with an Integrated Assessment Model,"
Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 72(1), pages 281-307, January.
- Louis Dupuy & Koji Tokimatsu & Nick Hanley, 2017. "Using Genuine Savings for Climate Policy Evaluation with an Integrated Assessment Model," Discussion Papers in Environment and Development Economics 2017-07, University of St. Andrews, School of Geography and Sustainable Development.
- Louis Dupuy & Koji Tokimatsu & Nick Hanley, 2019. "Using Genuine Savings for Climate Policy Evaluation with an Integrated Assessment Model," Post-Print hal-03390215, HAL.
- Eugenie Dugoua & Jacob Moscona, 2025. "The Economics of climate innovation: technology, climate policy, and the clean energy transition," CEP Discussion Papers dp2135, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
- Zhang, Hong & Jin, Gui & Zhang, Zhengyu, 2021. "Coupling system of carbon emission and social economy: A review," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
- Benmir, Ghassane & Mori, Aditya & Roman, Josselin & Tarsia, Romano, 2025. "Beneath the trees: the influence of natural capital on shadow price dynamics in a macroeconomic model with uncertainty," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 128516, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Campiglio, Emanuele & Spiganti, Alessandro & Wiskich, Anthony, 2024.
"Clean innovation, heterogeneous financing costs, and the optimal climate policy mix,"
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
- Emanuele Campiglio & Alessandro Spiganti & Anthony Wiskich, 2023. "Clean Innovation, Heterogeneous Financing Costs, and the Optimal Climate Policy Mix," CAMA Working Papers 2023-25, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, revised May 2024.
- Campiglio, Emanuele & Spiganti, Alessandro & Wiskich, Anthony, 2024. "Clean innovation, heterogeneous financing costs, and the optimal climate policy mix," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 126063, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Valeria Costantini & Anil Markandya & Elena Paglialunga & Giorgia Sforna, 2018.
"Impact and distribution of climatic damages: a methodological proposal with a dynamic CGE model applied to global climate negotiations,"
Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 35(3), pages 809-843, December.
- Valeria Costantini & Giorgia Sforna & Anil Markandya & Elena Paglialunga, 2017. "Impact And Distribution Of Climatic Damages: A Methodological Proposal With A Dynamic Cge Model Applied To Global Climate Negotiations," Departmental Working Papers of Economics - University 'Roma Tre' 0226, Department of Economics - University Roma Tre.
- Alena Miftakhova & Clément Renoir, 2021. "Economic Growth and Equity in Anticipation of Climate Policy," CER-ETH Economics working paper series 21/355, CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research (CER-ETH) at ETH Zurich.
- BRECHET, Thierry & THENIE, Julien & ZEIMES, Thibaut & ZUBER, Stéphane, 2010.
"The benefits of cooperation under uncertainty: the case of climate change,"
LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE
2010062, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
- BRECHET, Thierry & THENIE, Julien & ZEIMES, Thibaut & ZUBER, Stéphane, 2012. "The benefits of cooperation under uncertainty: the case of climate change," LIDAM Reprints CORE 2435, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
- Olivier R de Bandt & Luc Jacolin & Thibault Lemaire, 2021.
"Climate Change in Developing Countries: Global Warming Effects, Transmission Channels and Adaptation Policies,"
Working Papers
hal-03948704, HAL.
- Olivier R de Bandt & Luc Jacolin & Thibault Lemaire, 2021. "Climate Change in Developing Countries: Global Warming Effects, Transmission Channels and Adaptation Policies," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-03948704, HAL.
- Olivier de Bandt & Luc Jacolin & Thibault Lemaire, 2021. "Climate Change in Developing Countries: Global Warming Effects,Transmission Channels and Adaptation Policies," Working papers 822, Banque de France.
- Marco Rogna & Carla J. Vogt, 2022. "Optimal climate policies under fairness preferences," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 174(3), pages 1-20, October.
More about this item
Keywords
; ; ; ; ; ; ;JEL classification:
- H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
- Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
- E23 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Production
- E37 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
- O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
- O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
- O57 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Comparative Studies of Countries
- Q43 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Energy and the Macroeconomy
- Q48 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Government Policy
Statistics
Access and download statisticsCorrections
All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jpolmo:v:44:y:2022:i:1:p:96-112. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.
If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.
If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .
If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.
For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505735 .
Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.
Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jpolmo/v44y2022i1p96-112.html