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Can gender and race dynamics in performance appraisals be disrupted? The case of social influence

Author

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  • Bohnet, Iris
  • Hauser, Oliver P.
  • Kristal, Ariella S.

Abstract

We document gender and race dynamics in performance evaluations in a multi-national company, examining the impacts of a feature of the performance appraisal process: managers’ knowledge of employees’ self-evaluations. Generally, (White) women were rated higher than men and people of color were rated lower than White employees. Women of color gave themselves the lowest self-ratings. When self-evaluations were unavailable due to a quasi-exogenous shock, manager and self-ratings were less correlated. However, gender and race gaps remained unchanged as managers anchored on previous years’ ratings. Based on suggestive evidence, women of color without an employment history benefitted from their self-ratings not being shared.

Suggested Citation

  • Bohnet, Iris & Hauser, Oliver P. & Kristal, Ariella S., 2025. "Can gender and race dynamics in performance appraisals be disrupted? The case of social influence," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jeborg:v:235:y:2025:i:c:s0167268125001519
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107032
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Gender; Race; Intersectionality; Performance evaluations; Social influence;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C93 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Design of Experiments - - - Field Experiments
    • D91 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making
    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J71 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - Hiring and Firing

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