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Development and validation of a firm-level vertical and horizontal internationalization metric

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  • Thompson, Edmund R.
  • Dericks, Gerard H.
  • Fai, Felicia

Abstract

The lack of valid and reliable measures of firm-level vertical and horizontal internationalization is impeding the development and testing of hypothesized relationships between these respective dimensions of internationalization and a range of important MNE characteristics, actions, and effects. Through a series of qualitative and quantitative studies using data collected from senior MNE executives (total N = 3,146), we develop and validate a scale to measure both vertical and horizontal firm-level internationalization. Subscales for each type of internationalization prove to be unidimensional, reliable, temporally stable, and to have predictive, cross-cultural, cross-sectoral, and discriminant validity.

Suggested Citation

  • Thompson, Edmund R. & Dericks, Gerard H. & Fai, Felicia, 2019. "Development and validation of a firm-level vertical and horizontal internationalization metric," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 28(3), pages 533-543.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:iburev:v:28:y:2019:i:3:p:533-543
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.11.009
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