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Measuring COVID-19 stigma and mitigating effect with hypothetical and non-hypothetical auction experiments

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  • Hao, Na
  • Wang, H. Holly
  • Zhang, Yi
  • Chen, Zhuo

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the stigmatization of certain regions, products, and individuals, leading to psychological and financial consequences for those affected. Employing both hypothetical and non-hypothetical Becker–DeGroot–Marschak (BDM) incentive-compatible experiments, we examine participants' willingness to pay (WTP) for oranges, toilet paper, and dry noodles under different conditions to assess the level of COVID-19 stigma. The results indicate that participants' WTP is indeed reduced when they know that the product is likely to be produced by workers who have recovered from COVID-19. Nevertheless, individuals who have experienced discrimination or possess higher social status tend to increase consumers' WTP, alleviating the stigma associated with COVID-19. The availability of vaccines and the dissemination of information help alleviate the COVID-19 stigma. Governments and the scientific community should enhance health communication efforts to alleviate public concerns regarding COVID-19. Furthermore, the results show that consumers had ambivalent attitudes of both sympathy and rejection toward fresh foods associated with COVID-19. This study offers empirical evidence of the difference between purchasing behavior and stated willingness, with implications for mitigating stigmatization.

Suggested Citation

  • Hao, Na & Wang, H. Holly & Zhang, Yi & Chen, Zhuo, 2025. "Measuring COVID-19 stigma and mitigating effect with hypothetical and non-hypothetical auction experiments," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:chieco:v:89:y:2025:i:c:s1043951x24002050
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102316
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    JEL classification:

    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health

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