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Stationarity Tests Under Time-Varying Second Moments

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  • Cavaliere, Giuseppe
  • Taylor, A.M. Robert

Abstract

In this paper we analyze the effects of a very general class of time-varying variances on well-known “stationarity” tests of the I(0) null hypothesis. Our setup allows, among other things, for both single and multiple breaks in variance, smooth transition variance breaks, and (piecewise-) linear trending variances. We derive representations for the limiting distributions of the test statistics under variance breaks in the errors of I(0), I(1), and near-I(1) data generating processes, demonstrating the dependence of these representations on the precise pattern followed by the variance processes. Monte Carlo methods are used to quantify the effects of fixed and smooth transition single breaks and trending variances on the size and power properties of the tests. Finally, bootstrap versions of the tests are proposed that provide a solution to the inference problem.We are grateful to Peter Phillips, a co-editor, and two anonymous referees whose comments on an earlier draft have led to a considerable improvement in the paper.

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  • Cavaliere, Giuseppe & Taylor, A.M. Robert, 2005. "Stationarity Tests Under Time-Varying Second Moments," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 21(6), pages 1112-1129, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:etheor:v:21:y:2005:i:06:p:1112-1129_05
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    Cited by:

    1. Skrobotov, Anton, 2020. "Survey on structural breaks and unit root tests," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 58, pages 96-141.
    2. Tu, Yundong & Yi, Yanping, 2017. "Forecasting cointegrated nonstationary time series with time-varying variance," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 196(1), pages 83-98.
    3. Denisa Roberts & Douglas Patterson, 2018. "A Second Order Cumulant Spectrum Test That a Stochastic Process is Strictly Stationary and a Step Toward a Test for Graph Signal Strict Stationarity," Papers 1801.06727, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2020.
    4. Cavaliere, Giuseppe & Harvey, David I. & Leybourne, Stephen J. & Taylor, A.M. Robert, 2011. "Testing For Unit Roots In The Presence Of A Possible Break In Trend And Nonstationary Volatility," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 27(5), pages 957-991, October.
    5. Lui, Yiu Lim & Phillips, Peter C.B. & Yu, Jun, 2024. "Robust testing for explosive behavior with strongly dependent errors," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 238(2).
    6. Raffaella Giacomini & Barbara Rossi, 2016. "Model Comparisons In Unstable Environments," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 57(2), pages 369-392, May.
    7. Charles S. Bos & Siem Jan Koopman & Marius Ooms, 2007. "Long memory modelling of inflation with stochastic variance and structural breaks," CREATES Research Papers 2007-44, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University.
    8. Wagner, Martin & Wied, Dominik, 2014. "Monitoring Stationarity and Cointegration," VfS Annual Conference 2014 (Hamburg): Evidence-based Economic Policy 100386, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    9. Cavaliere, Giuseppe & Nielsen, Morten Ørregaard & Taylor, A.M. Robert, 2015. "Bootstrap score tests for fractional integration in heteroskedastic ARFIMA models, with an application to price dynamics in commodity spot and futures markets," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 187(2), pages 557-579.
    10. Georgiev, Iliyan & Harvey, David I. & Leybourne, Stephen J. & Taylor, A.M. Robert, 2018. "Testing for parameter instability in predictive regression models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 204(1), pages 101-118.
    11. Cavaliere, Giuseppe & Nielsen, Morten Ørregaard & Taylor, A.M. Robert, 2017. "Quasi-maximum likelihood estimation and bootstrap inference in fractional time series models with heteroskedasticity of unknown form," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 198(1), pages 165-188.
    12. Demetrescu, Matei & Sibbertsen, Philipp, 2016. "Inference on the long-memory properties of time series with non-stationary volatility," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 80-84.
    13. Cavaliere, Giuseppe & Rahbek, Anders & Taylor, A.M. Robert, 2010. "Testing for co-integration in vector autoregressions with non-stationary volatility," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 158(1), pages 7-24, September.
    14. Busettti, F. & Harvey, A., 2007. "Tests of time-invariance," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 0701, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    15. Raffaella Giacomini & Barbara Rossi, 2012. "Model comparisons in unstable environments," CeMMAP working papers 13/12, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
    16. Cavaliere, Giuseppe & Taylor, A.M. Robert, 2008. "Testing for a change in persistence in the presence of non-stationary volatility," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 147(1), pages 84-98, November.
    17. Fabio Busetti & Andrew Harvey, 2010. "Tests of strict stationarity based on quantile indicators," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(6), pages 435-450, November.
    18. Cheng, Xu & Phillips, Peter C.B., 2012. "Cointegrating rank selection in models with time-varying variance," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 169(2), pages 155-165.
    19. Giuseppe Cavaliere & A. M. Robert Taylor, 2006. "Testing for a Change in Persistence in the Presence of a Volatility Shift," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 68(s1), pages 761-781, December.
    20. Pedro Carneiro & Tewolde Ghebremeskel & Joseph Keating & Andrea Locatelli, 2012. "Do public health interventions crowd out private health investments? Malaria control policies in Eritrea," CeMMAP working papers 12/12, Institute for Fiscal Studies.

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