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How does distance to urban centres influence necessity and opportunity‐based firm start‐ups?

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  • Niclas Lavesson

Abstract

This paper seeks to understand how distance to urban centres influences necessity and opportunity‐based firm start‐ups. The results show that closeness to urban centres is not necessarily beneficial for firm start‐ups. On the contrary, regions further away from urban centres of any size experience more firm start‐ups. One explanation of this result is that regions experience spatial protection from urban competition. However, regions located further away from larger‐sized urban centres experience less firm start‐ups due to such remoteness. One explanation of this finding is that remote regions cannot access the agglomeration benefits that larger cities offer. This supports the view that rural regions draw on urban resources but only on those from larger agglomerations. Este artículo tiene por objeto comprender cómo influye la distancia a los centros urbanos en la necesidad y en la creación de empresas basadas en oportunidades. Los resultados muestran que la proximidad a los centros urbanos no es necesariamente beneficiosa para las empresas de nueva creación. Por el contrario, las regiones más alejadas de los centros urbanos de cualquier tamaño experimentan una mayor creación de empresas nuevas. Una explicación de este resultado es que las regiones experimentan una protección espacial de la competencia urbana. Sin embargo, las regiones más alejadas de los centros urbanos de mayor tamaño experimentan una menor creación de empresas nuevas debido a la lejanía. Una explicación de este hallazgo es que las regiones remotas no pueden acceder a los beneficios de aglomeración que ofrecen las ciudades más grandes. Esto apoya la opinión de que las regiones rurales se aprovechan de los recursos urbanos, pero solo de las de las aglomeraciones más grandes. 本稿では、都市の中心部までの距離が、スタートアップ企業の、necessity‐based(失職・離職等で必要に迫られて)の創業とopportunity‐based(ビジネスチャンスを見据えて)の創業に、どのように影響するかを明らかにする。結果は、スタートアップ企業にとって、都市の中心部に近いことは必ずしも有益ではないことを示している。一方で、都市の中心部の規模にかかわらず、中心部から離れた地域では、企業の創業が多く認められる。しかし、より規模の大きい都市中心部から離れた地域では、その距離のために、企業の創業が少なくなっている。この知見は、都市部から離れた地域は、大都市がもたらす集積のベネフィットを得ることができないということで説明できる。これは、遠隔地域は都市部のリソースを利用しているが、それはより大きな集積のリソースに限られるという説を支持するものである。

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  • Niclas Lavesson, 2018. "How does distance to urban centres influence necessity and opportunity‐based firm start‐ups?," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 97(4), pages 1279-1303, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:presci:v:97:y:2018:i:4:p:1279-1303
    DOI: 10.1111/pirs.12289
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    2. Cattaneo, Andrea & Adukia, Anjali & Brown, David L. & Christiaensen, Luc & Evans, David K. & Haakenstad, Annie & McMenomy, Theresa & Partridge, Mark & Vaz, Sara & Weiss, Daniel J., 2022. "Economic and social development along the urban–rural continuum: New opportunities to inform policy," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    3. Andersson, Martin & Lavesson, Niclas & Partridge, Mark D., 2019. "Local Rates of New Firm Formation: An Empirical Exploration using Swedish Data," Working Paper Series 1290, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.

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