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Non-deliverable forwards: 2013 and beyond

Author

Listed:
  • Robert N McCauley
  • Chang Shu
  • Guonan Ma

Abstract

n-deliverable forwards (NDFs) allow investors and borrowers to take positions in currencies that are subject to official controls. Turnover in NDFs has risen in recent years as non-residents use them to hedge increasing investment in local currency bonds. Pricing in deliverable forward and NDF markets is segmented, with NDFs leading in times of strain. Experience shows that NDF markets tend to fade away gradually after liberalisation. But, looking ahead, market centralisation might reduce the costs of maintaining them. In a unique development, offshore deliverable renminbi forwards are gaining on the established NDF.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert N McCauley & Chang Shu & Guonan Ma, 2014. "Non-deliverable forwards: 2013 and beyond," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bis:bisqtr:1403h
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Guonan Ma & Corrinne Ho & Robert N McCauley, 2004. "The markets for non-deliverable forwards in Asian currencies," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, June.
    2. Torsten Ehlers & Frank Packer, 2013. "FX and derivatives markets in emerging economies and the internationalisation of their currencies," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, December.
    3. Harendra Kumar Behera, 2011. "Onshore and offshore market for Indian rupee: recent evidence on volatility and shock spillover," Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 4(1), pages 43-55.
    4. Tsuyuguchi, Yosuke & Wooldridge, Philip D., 2008. "The evolution of trading activity in Asian foreign exchange markets," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 9(4), pages 231-246, December.
    5. Robert N. McCauley, 2013. "Renminbi internationalisation and China’s financial development," Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(2), pages 101-115, May.
    6. Morten Bech & Jhuvesh Sobrun, 2013. "FX market trends before, between and beyond Triennial Surveys," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, December.
    7. Guy Debelle & Jacob Gyntelberg & Michael Plumb, 2006. "Forward currency markets in Asia: lessons from the Australian experience," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, September.
    8. Dagfinn Rime & Andreas Schrimpf, 2013. "The anatomy of the global FX market through the lens of the 2013 Triennial Survey," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, December.
    9. Ma, Guonan & McCauley, Robert N., 2013. "Is China or India more financially open?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 6-27.
    10. John Cairns & Corrinne Ho & Robert McCauley, 2007. "Exchange rates and global volatility: implications for Asia-Pacific currencies," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, March.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Guonan Ma & Robert N. McCauley, 2014. "Financial openness of China and India- Implications for capital account liberalisation," Working Papers 827, Bruegel.
    2. Barry Eichengreen & Romain Lafarguette & Arnaud Mehl, 2016. "Cables, Sharks and Servers: Technology and the Geography of the Foreign Exchange Market," NBER Working Papers 21884, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Li, Xue & Liu, Yanghui & Li, Hanxu & Li, Jie, 2021. "Onshore spot and offshore forward markets for RMB: Evidence from the “8.11” exchange rate regime reform," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    4. Shu, Chang & He, Dong & Cheng, Xiaoqiang, 2015. "One currency, two markets: the renminbi's growing influence in Asia-Pacific," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 163-178.
    5. Eichengreen, Barry & Lafarguette, Romain & Mehl, Arnaud & Ferrari Minesso, Massimo, 2023. "Technology and the geography of the foreign exchange market," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    6. Gadanecz, Blaise & Miyajima, Ken & Shu, Chang, 2018. "Emerging market local currency sovereign bond yields: The role of exchange rate risk," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 371-401.
    7. Ma, Xiuying & Yang, Zhihua & Xu, Xiangyun & Wang, Chengqi, 2018. "The impact of Chinese financial markets on commodity currency exchange rates," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 186-198.
    8. Nidhi Aggarwal & Sanchit Arora & Rajeswari Sengupta, 2021. "Capital account liberalisation in a large emerging economy: An Analysis of onshore-offshore arbitrage," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2021-013, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
    9. Simeon Nanovsky & Yoonbai Kim, 2018. "International Capital Movement and Monetary Independence in Asia," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 24(2), pages 179-198, May.
    10. Robert Neil McCauley & Chang Shu, 2016. "Non-deliverable forwards: impact of currency internationalisation and derivatives reform," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, December.
    11. Funke, Michael & Shu, Chang & Cheng, Xiaoqiang & Eraslan, Sercan, 2015. "Assessing the CNH–CNY pricing differential: Role of fundamentals, contagion and policy," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 245-262.
    12. Nikhil Patel & Dora Xia, 2019. "Offshore markets drive trading of emerging market currencies," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, December.
    13. Mathias Manguzvane & Mduduzi Biyase, 2023. "Exchange rate risk and sovereign debt risk in South Africa: A Regime Dependent Approach," Economics Working Papers edwrg-04-2023, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, revised 2023.
    14. Liao, Jia & Qian, Qi & Xu, Xiangyun, 2018. "Whether the fluctuation of China’s financial markets have impact on global commodity prices?," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 503(C), pages 1030-1040.
    15. Richard M Levich & Frank Packer, 2015. "Development and functioning of FX markets in Asia and the Pacific," BIS Papers chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), Cross-border Financial Linkages: Challenges for Monetary Policy and Financial Stability, volume 82, pages 75-132, Bank for International Settlements.
    16. David Leung & John Fu, 2014. "Interactions between CNY and CNH Money and Forward Exchange Markets," Working Papers 132014, Hong Kong Institute for Monetary Research.
    17. Nidhi Aggarwal & Sanchit Arora & Rajeswari Sengupta, 2022. "Capital account openness in India and a comparison with China: Then versus now," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2022-005, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
    18. Gutierrez, Bryan & Ivashina, Victoria & Salomao, Juliana, 2023. "Why is dollar debt Cheaper? Evidence from Peru," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 148(3), pages 245-272.
    19. Renu Kohli, 2015. "Capital Flows and Exchange Rate Volatility in India: How Crucial Are Reserves?," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 19(3), pages 577-591, August.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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