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Testing the random walk hypothesis for real exchange rates

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Graham Smith & Aneta Dyakova, 2014. "African Stock Markets: Efficiency and Relative Predictability," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 82(2), pages 258-275, June.
  2. Ozkan, Oktay, 2021. "Impact of COVID-19 on stock market efficiency: Evidence from developed countries," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
  3. Charles, Amélie & Darné, Olivier & Kim, Jae H., 2011. "Small sample properties of alternative tests for martingale difference hypothesis," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 110(2), pages 151-154, February.
  4. Kim, Jae H. & Shamsuddin, Abul & Lim, Kian-Ping, 2011. "Stock return predictability and the adaptive markets hypothesis: Evidence from century-long U.S. data," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 18(5), pages 868-879.
  5. Omid Sabbaghi & Navid Sabbaghi, 2017. "The Chicago Climate Exchange and market efficiency: an empirical analysis," Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, Springer;Society for Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - SEEPS, vol. 19(4), pages 711-734, October.
  6. Bonnier, Jean-Baptiste, 2021. "Speculation and informational efficiency in commodity futures markets," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
  7. Nadarajah, Saralees & Chu, Jeffrey, 2017. "On the inefficiency of Bitcoin," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 6-9.
  8. Andrew Phiri, 2022. "Changing efficiency of BRICS currency markets during the COVID-19 pandemic," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 55(3), pages 1673-1699, August.
  9. Amélie Charles & Olivier Darné & Jae H Kim, 2017. "Adaptive Markets Hypothesis for Islamic Stock Portfolios: Evidence from Dow Jones Size and Sector-Indices," Post-Print hal-01526483, HAL.
  10. Carol Alexander & Xi Chen & Jun Deng & Qi Fu, 2025. "Price Discovery and Efficiency in Uniswap Liquidity Pools," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 45(8), pages 1023-1048, August.
  11. Rahman, Md. Lutfur & Lee, Doowon & Shamsuddin, Abul, 2017. "Time-varying return predictability in South Asian equity markets," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 179-200.
  12. Benjamin Miranda Tabak, 2003. "The random walk hypothesis and the behaviour of foreign capital portfolio flows: the Brazilian stock market case," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(5), pages 369-378.
  13. Noda, Akihiko, 2016. "A test of the adaptive market hypothesis using a time-varying AR model in Japan," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 66-71.
  14. Jacek Karasinski, 2022. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Weak-Form Informational Efficiency of the Warsaw Stock Exchange (Wplyw wybuchu epidemii COVID-19 na efektywnosc informacyjna Gieldy Papierow Wartosciowych w Warszawie w formie slabej)," Research Reports, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Management, vol. 2(37), pages 15-28.
  15. Regis Augusto Ely, 2011. "Returns Predictability and Stock Market Efficiency in Brazil," Brazilian Review of Finance, Brazilian Society of Finance, vol. 9(4), pages 571-584.
  16. Amélie Charles & Olivier Darné, 2009. "Variance‐Ratio Tests Of Random Walk: An Overview," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(3), pages 503-527, July.
  17. Chortareas, Georgios & Jiang, Ying & Nankervis, John C., 2011. "The random-walk behavior of the Euro exchange rate," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 8(3), pages 158-162, September.
  18. Amélie Charles & Olivier Darné & Jessica Fouilloux, 2010. "Testing the Martingale Difference Hypothesis in the EU ETS Markets for the CO2 Emission Allowances: Evidence from Phase I and Phase II," Post-Print hal-00797491, HAL.
  19. Ali Almail & Fahad Almudhaf, 2017. "Adaptive Market Hypothesis: Evidence from three centuries of UK data," Economics and Business Letters, Oviedo University Press, vol. 6(2), pages 48-53.
  20. Boya, Christophe M., 2019. "From efficient markets to adaptive markets: Evidence from the French stock exchange," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 156-165.
  21. Vuong, Quan-Hoang, 2003. "Essays on Vietnam’s Financial Reforms: Foreign Exchange Statistics and Evidence of Long-Run Equilibrium," OSF Preprints ahrjd, Center for Open Science.
  22. Stefano Martinazzi & Daniele Regoli & Andrea Flori, 2020. "A Tale of Two Layers: The Mutual Relationship between Bitcoin and Lightning Network," Risks, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-18, December.
  23. repec:bla:jcmkts:v:46:y:2008:i::p:969-1000 is not listed on IDEAS
  24. Verheyden, Tim & De Moor, Lieven & Van den Bossche, Filip, 2015. "Towards a new framework on efficient markets," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 294-308.
  25. Charles, Amélie & Darné, Olivier & Kim, Jae H., 2017. "Adaptive markets hypothesis for Islamic stock indices: Evidence from Dow Jones size and sector-indices," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 100-112.
  26. Aurelio F. Bariviera & Ignasi Merediz‐Solà, 2021. "Where Do We Stand In Cryptocurrencies Economic Research? A Survey Based On Hybrid Analysis," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(2), pages 377-407, April.
  27. Klaus Grobys & Yao Han & James W. Kolari, 2023. "Better Not Forget: On the Memory of S&P 500 Survivor Stock Companies," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-16, February.
  28. Montagnoli, Alberto & de Vries, Frans P., 2010. "Carbon trading thickness and market efficiency," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(6), pages 1331-1336, November.
  29. Pawan Jain & Wen-Jun Xue, 2017. "Global Investigation of Return Autocorrelation and its Determinants," Working Papers 1704, Florida International University, Department of Economics.
  30. Peter C. B. Phillips & Sainan Jin, 2014. "Testing the Martingale Hypothesis," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(4), pages 537-554, October.
  31. Wang, Qian & Wu, Sitong & Huang, Peng & Hueng, C. James, 2025. "The influence of market liquidity on the efficiency of China's pilot carbon markets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
  32. Am鬩e Charles & Olivier Darn頍 & Jae H. Kim & Etienne Redor, 2016. "Stock exchange mergers and market efficiency," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(7), pages 576-589, February.
  33. Md Lutfur Rahman & Mahbub Khan & Samuel A. Vigne & Gazi Salah Uddin, 2021. "Equity return predictability, its determinants, and profitable trading strategies," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(1), pages 162-186, January.
  34. Mirzaee Ghazani, Majid & Khalili Araghi, Mansour, 2014. "Evaluation of the adaptive market hypothesis as an evolutionary perspective on market efficiency: Evidence from the Tehran stock exchange," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 50-59.
  35. Siddique, Maryam, 2023. "Does the Adaptive Market Hypothesis Exist in Equity Market? Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange," OSF Preprints 9b5dx, Center for Open Science.
  36. Manahov, Viktor & Li, Mingnan, 2025. "The digitalisation of the real estate market: New evidence from the most prominent crypto hacker attacks," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
  37. Zargar, Faisal Nazir & Kumar, Dilip, 2019. "Informational inefficiency of Bitcoin: A study based on high-frequency data," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 344-353.
  38. Urquhart, Andrew & Hudson, Robert, 2013. "Efficient or adaptive markets? Evidence from major stock markets using very long run historic data," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 130-142.
  39. Axel Grossmann & Emiliano Giudici & Marc Simpson, 2014. "Euro conversion and return dynamics of European financial markets: a frequency domain approach," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 38(1), pages 1-26, January.
  40. João A. Bastos, 2025. "A Deep Learning Test of the Martingale Difference Hypothesis," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(6), pages 1993-2001, September.
  41. Aneta Dyakova & Graham Smith, 2013. "The evolution of stock market predictability in Bulgaria," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(9), pages 805-816, May.
  42. Dzung Phan Tran Trung & Hung Pham Quang, 2019. "Adaptive Market Hypothesis: Evidence from the Vietnamese Stock Market," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-16, May.
  43. Navaz Naghavi & Muhammad Shujaat Mubarik & Devinder Kaur, 2018. "Financial Liberalization And Stock Market Efficiency: Measuring The Threshold Effects Of Governance," Annals of Financial Economics (AFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 13(04), pages 1-24, December.
  44. Carmen López-Martín & Sonia Benito Muela & Raquel Arguedas, 2021. "Efficiency in cryptocurrency markets: new evidence," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 11(3), pages 403-431, September.
  45. Zdeněk Hlávka & Marie Hušková & Claudia Kirch & Simos G. Meintanis, 2017. "Fourier--type tests involving martingale difference processes," Econometric Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(4), pages 468-492, April.
  46. Charles, Amélie & Darné, Olivier & Kim, Jae H., 2012. "Exchange-rate return predictability and the adaptive markets hypothesis: Evidence from major foreign exchange rates," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(6), pages 1607-1626.
  47. Kenichi Hirayama & Akihiko Noda, 2019. "Measuring the Time-Varying Market Efficiency in the Prewar and Wartime Japanese Stock Market, 1924-1943," Papers 1911.04059, arXiv.org, revised May 2024.
  48. Kim, Jae H., 2009. "Automatic variance ratio test under conditional heteroskedasticity," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 6(3), pages 179-185, September.
  49. Bohl, Martin T. & Irwin, Scott H. & Pütz, Alexander & Sulewski, Christoph, 2023. "The impact of financialization on the efficiency of commodity futures markets," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 31(C).
  50. Aneta Dyakova & Graham Smith, 2013. "Bulgarian stock market relative predictability: BSE-Sofia stocks and South East European markets," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(15), pages 1257-1271, August.
  51. Linton, Oliver & Smetanina, Ekaterina, 2016. "Testing the martingale hypothesis for gross returns," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 38(PB), pages 664-689.
  52. Jian Zhou & Jin Man Lee, 2013. "Adaptive market hypothesis: evidence from the REIT market," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(21), pages 1649-1662, November.
  53. Charles, Amélie & Darné, Olivier & Kim, Jae H., 2015. "Will precious metals shine? A market efficiency perspective," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 284-291.
  54. Kim, Jae & Doucouliagos, Hristos & Stanley, T. D., 2014. "Market efficiency in Asian and Australasian stock markets: a fresh look at the evidence," Working Papers eco_2014_9, Deakin University, Department of Economics.
  55. Kenichi Hirayama & Akihiko Noda, 2025. "Measuring the time‐varying market efficiency in the prewar and wartime Japanese stock market, 1924–1943," Asia-Pacific Economic History Review, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 65(1), pages 131-159, March.
  56. Daeyun Kang & Doojin Ryu & Robert I. Webb, 2025. "Bitcoin as a financial asset: a survey," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 11(1), pages 1-28, December.
  57. Madhur Bhatia, 2024. "Impact of the Local and the Global Crises on Stock Market Efficiency," Millennial Asia, , vol. 15(4), pages 572-596, December.
  58. Lim, Kian-Ping & Kim, Jae H., 2011. "Trade openness and the informational efficiency of emerging stock markets," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 28(5), pages 2228-2238, September.
  59. Juan Benjamín Duarte Duarte & Katherine Julieth Sierra Su�rez & V�ctor Alfonso Rueda Ortiz, 2015. "Análisis comparativo de eficiencia entre Brasil, México y Estados Unidos," Revista Finanzas y Politica Economica, Universidad Católica de Colombia, vol. 7(2), pages 341-357.
  60. Amélie Charles & Olivier Darné & Jae H. Kim, 2014. "Precious metals shine? A market efficiency perspective," Working Papers hal-01010516, HAL.
  61. O'Connor, Fergal A. & Lucey, Brian M., 2023. "The efficiency of the London Gold Fixing: From Gold Standard to hoarded commodity (1919-68)," eabh Papers 23-01, The European Association for Banking and Financial History (EABH).
  62. Hřebačka, Viktor, 2025. "Analyzing market efficiency: The role of business cycles, risk aversion, and Occam’s razor in the Adaptive Market Hypothesis," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
  63. Brauneis, Alexander & Mestel, Roland, 2018. "Price discovery of cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin and beyond," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 58-61.
  64. Huai-Long Shi & Zhi-Qiang Jiang & Wei-Xing Zhou, 2016. "Time-varying return predictability in the Chinese stock market," Papers 1611.04090, arXiv.org.
  65. Biswabhusan Bhuyan & Subhamitra Patra & Ranjan Kumar Bhuian, 2020. "Market Adaptability and Evolving Predictability of Stock Returns: An Evidence from India," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 27(4), pages 605-619, December.
  66. Junshu Jiang & Jordan Richards & Raphael Huser & David Bolin, 2024. "The Efficient Tail Hypothesis: An Extreme Value Perspective on Market Efficiency," Papers 2408.06661, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2025.
  67. Xuexin WANG, 2021. "Generalized Spectral Tests for High Dimensional Multivariate Martingale Difference Hypotheses," Working Papers 2021-11-06, Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics (WISE), Xiamen University.
  68. Kinga Niemczak & Graham Smith, 2013. "Middle Eastern stock markets: absolute, evolving and relative efficiency," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(3), pages 181-198, February.
  69. Sashikanta Khuntia & J. K. Pattanayak, 2020. "Evolving Efficiency of Exchange Rate Movement: An Evidence from Indian Foreign Exchange Market," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 21(4), pages 956-969, August.
  70. Shynkevich, Andrei, 2025. "Wine market efficiency: Is glass half full or half empty?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
  71. Siva Kiran & Prabhakar Rao.R, 2019. "Analysis of Stock Market Efficiency in Emerging Markets: Evidence from BRICS," Romanian Economic Journal, Department of International Business and Economics from the Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, vol. 22(72), pages 60-77, June.
  72. Dobija, Dorota & Klimczak, Karol Marek, 2010. "Development of accounting in Poland: Market efficiency and the value relevance of reported earnings," The International Journal of Accounting, Elsevier, vol. 45(3), pages 356-374, September.
  73. Amairi, Haifa & Zantour, Ahlem & Saadi, Samir, 2021. "Information dissemination and price discovery," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
  74. Muneer Shaik & S. Maheswaran, 2017. "Market Efficiency of ASEAN Stock Markets," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 7(2), pages 109-122, February.
  75. Amina Baba & Sana Ben Kebaier & Anna Creti, 2024. "How efficient are natural gas markets in practice? A wavelet-based approach," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 334(1), pages 623-677, March.
  76. Jain, Pawan & Xue, Wenjun, 2017. "Global investigation of return autocorrelation and its determinants," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 200-217.
  77. Graham Smith, 2012. "The changing and relative efficiency of European emerging stock markets," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(8), pages 689-708, September.
  78. Graham Smith & Aneta Dyakova, 2016. "The Relative Predictability of Stock Markets in the Americas," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 21(2), pages 131-142, April.
  79. Flori, Andrea, 2019. "News and subjective beliefs: A Bayesian approach to Bitcoin investments," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 336-356.
  80. Bohl, Martin T. & Pütz, Alexander & Sulewski, Christoph, 2021. "Speculation and the informational efficiency of commodity futures markets," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 23(C).
  81. repec:hal:journl:hal-01598139 is not listed on IDEAS
  82. Charles, Amélie & Darné, Olivier & Fouilloux, Jessica, 2011. "Testing the martingale difference hypothesis in CO2 emission allowances," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 28(1-2), pages 27-35, January.
  83. Walid Mensi & Anoop S. Kumar & Xuan Vinh Vo & Sang Hoon Kang, 2024. "Asymmetric multifractality and dynamic efficiency in DeFi markets," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 48(2), pages 280-297, June.
  84. Neil Kellard & Denise Osborn & Jerry Coakley & John C. Nankervis & Periklis Kougoulis & Jerry Coakley, 2015. "Generalized Variance-Ratio Tests in the Presence of Statistical Dependence," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(5), pages 687-705, September.
  85. Martin Bohl & Alexander Pütz & Christoph Sulewski, 2019. "Speculation and the Informational Efficiency of Commodity Futures Markets," CQE Working Papers 8919, Center for Quantitative Economics (CQE), University of Muenster.
  86. Navaz Naghavi & Wee-Yeap Lau, 2014. "Exploring the nexus between financial openness and informational efficiency -- does the quality of institution matter?," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(7), pages 674-685, March.
  87. Benjamin Miranda Tabak & Eduardo José Araújo Lima, 2002. "The Effects of the Brazilian ADRs Program on Domestic Market Efficiency," Working Papers Series 43, Central Bank of Brazil, Research Department.
  88. Al-Khazali, Osamah M. & Pyun, Chong Soo & Kim, Daewon, 2012. "Are exchange rate movements predictable in Asia-Pacific markets? Evidence of random walk and martingale difference processes," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 221-231.
  89. Nikolaos A. Kyriazis, 2019. "A Survey on Efficiency and Profitable Trading Opportunities in Cryptocurrency Markets," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-17, April.
  90. Herrera, Gabriel Paes & Constantino, Michel & Tabak, Benjamin Miranda & Pistori, Hemerson & Su, Jen-Je & Naranpanawa, Athula, 2019. "Long-term forecast of energy commodities price using machine learning," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 214-221.
  91. Akbar, Muhammad & Ullah, Ihsan & Ali, Shahid & Rehman, Naser, 2024. "Adaptive market hypothesis: A comparison of Islamic and conventional stock indices," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(PA), pages 460-477.
  92. Urquhart, Andrew, 2016. "The inefficiency of Bitcoin," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 80-82.
  93. Nie, Chun-Xiao, 2025. "Unveiling complex nonlinear dynamics in stock markets through topological data analysis," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 680(C).
  94. Tran, Vu Le & Leirvik, Thomas, 2019. "A simple but powerful measure of market efficiency," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 141-151.
  95. Yang, Yan-Hong & Shao, Ying-Hui & Shao, Hao-Lin & Stanley, H. Eugene, 2019. "Revisiting the weak-form efficiency of the EUR/CHF exchange rate market: Evidence from episodes of different Swiss franc regimes," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 523(C), pages 734-746.
  96. Kian-Ping Lim & Weiwei Luo & Jae H. Kim, 2013. "Are US stock index returns predictable? Evidence from automatic autocorrelation-based tests," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(8), pages 953-962, March.
  97. Katusiime, Lorna & Shamsuddin, Abul & Agbola, Frank W., 2015. "Foreign exchange market efficiency and profitability of trading rules: Evidence from a developing country," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 315-332.
  98. Manahov, Viktor & Urquhart, Andrew, 2021. "The efficiency of Bitcoin: A strongly typed genetic programming approach to smart electronic Bitcoin markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
  99. Righi, Marcelo Brutti & Ceretta, Paulo Sergio, 2013. "Risk prediction management and weak form market efficiency in Eurozone financial crisis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 384-393.
  100. Yann Ferrat & Frédéric Daty & Radu Burlacu, 2023. "Screening: Value enhancing or diminishing?," Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(1), pages 358-370, January.
  101. Jean-Baptiste Bonnier, 2021. "Speculation and informational efficiency in commodity futures markets," Post-Print hal-04299220, HAL.
  102. Andrea Flori, 2019. "Cryptocurrencies In Finance: Review And Applications," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 22(05), pages 1-22, August.
  103. repec:idn:journl:v:1:y:2019:i:sp1:p:1-26 is not listed on IDEAS
  104. Afees A. Salisu & Taofeek O. Ayinde, 2016. "Testing the Martingale Difference Hypothesis (MDH) with Structural Breaks: Evidence from Foreign Exchanges of Nigeria and South Africa," Journal of African Business, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(3), pages 342-359, September.
  105. Stéphane Goutte & David Guerreiro & Bilel Sanhaji & Sophie Saglio & Julien Chevallier, 2019. "International Financial Markets," Post-Print halshs-02183053, HAL.
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