Impacts of Agricultural Exports and CO2 Emissions on Economic Growth: New Evidence from High Income Countries

This study examines the impact of agricultural exports and CO2 emissions on economic growth in 78 high-income countries from 2004 to 2023. Using a robust econometric framework that includes fixed-effects and random-effects models, the research finds that agricultural exports positively influence economic growth by generating revenue and enhancing competitiveness, while CO2 emissions negatively affect growth due to the associated environmental costs. The analysis, supported by the Hausman test and panel data techniques, highlights the need for balanced policy interventions that promote agricultural export growth while mitigating CO2 emissions. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers seeking to achieve sustainable economic development by integrating environmental considerations into economic strategies.