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Endophilia or Exophobia: Beyond Discrimination

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  • Jan Feld
  • Nicolás Salamanca
  • Daniel S. Hamermesh

Abstract

The immense literature on discrimination treats outcomes as relative: One group suffers compared to another. But does a difference arise because agents discriminate against others--are exophobic--or because they favor their own kind--are endophilic? This difference matters, as the relative importance of the types of discrimination and their inter-relation affect market outcomes. Using a field experiment in which graders at one university were randomly assigned students' exams that did or did not contain the students' names, on average we find favoritism but no discrimination by nationality, and neither favoritism nor discrimination by gender, findings that are robust to a wide variety of potential concerns. We observe heterogeneity in both discrimination and favoritism by nationality and by gender in the distributions of graders' preferences. We show that a changing correlation between endophilia and exophobia can generate perverse changes in observed market discrimination.

Suggested Citation

  • Jan Feld & Nicolás Salamanca & Daniel S. Hamermesh, 2013. "Endophilia or Exophobia: Beyond Discrimination," NBER Working Papers 19471, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:19471
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • B40 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - Economic Methodology - - - General
    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • J71 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - Hiring and Firing

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