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Financial development traps in European regions: Theory and evidence

Author

Listed:
  • Rodrigo Cuenca De Armas

    (Department of Economics, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain)

  • Maria Teresa Balaguer-Coll

    (Department of Finance and Accounting, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain)

  • Emili Tortosa-Ausina

    (IVIE, Valencia and IIDL and Department of Economics, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain)

Abstract

This study explores the risk of financial development traps in European regions by analysing the performance of the financial sector in terms of productivity and its relationship with GDP per capita. Using data for 226 NUTS2 regions over the period 2000–2021, we construct two original indicators adapted from Diemer et al. (2022) to a sectoral framework, capturing respectively the cyclical and structural dimensions of decoupling between financial sector dynamics and regional economic performance. The analysis reveals that a non-negligible share of European regions show signs of entrapment, with considerable heterogeneity both between and within Eastern and Western Europe. Results also point to a reduction in the share of trapped regions between the crisis period (2008–2015) and the subsequent recovery phase (2016–2021), alongside a notable inversion in the relative exposure of Eastern and Western European regions. Our findings highlight the importance of assessing the functional orientation of the financial sector (rather than its mere size or depth) and suggest that institutional and sectoral factors play a critical role in shaping regional financial resilience beyond geographic location.

Suggested Citation

  • Rodrigo Cuenca De Armas & Maria Teresa Balaguer-Coll & Emili Tortosa-Ausina, 2026. "Financial development traps in European regions: Theory and evidence," Working Papers 2026/06, Economics Department, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón (Spain).
    • Handle: RePEc:jau:wpaper:2026/06
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    JEL classification:

    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
    • R58 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - Regional Development Planning and Policy
    • O16 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance
    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure

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