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Remittances, Dutch Disease, and Competitiveness - A Bayesian Analysis

Author

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  • Farid Makhlouf

    (CATT - Centre d'Analyse Théorique et de Traitement des données économiques - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour)

  • Mazhar Mughal

    (CATT - Centre d'Analyse Théorique et de Traitement des données économiques - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour)

Abstract

We look for symptoms of Dutch disease in the Pakistani economy arising from international remittances. The presence of endogeneity and uncertainty in our model due to the managed float of Pakistani Rupee prevalent during most of the studied period requires the use of a probabilistic rather than a standard frequentist technique. Therefore, we carry out an IV Bayesian analysis using the Gibbs algorithm. We find evidence for both spending and resource movement effects, both of them in the short as well as the long-run. Remittances cause an appreciation of the real exchange rate and loss of competitiveness of Pakistan's exports sector along with a concomitant rise in the share of the non-tradable sector in the economy. These impacts are stronger and different from those the Official Development Assistance and the FDI exert. We find that while aggregate remittances and the remittances from Persian Gulf contribute to the Dutch disease in Pakistan, those from North America and Europe do not. Cet article étudie la possibilité que l'économie pakistanaise souffre du syndrome hollandais dû aux transferts de fonds. La présence potentielle de l'endogénéité et de l'incertitude dans notre modèle, en raison du taux de change administré, peut être mieux analysée en utilisant les techniques probabilistiques. Par conséquent, nous employons la méthode Bayésienne IV. Nous trouvons l'évidence de l'effet dépense et l'effet de réallocation de ressources, tout les deux. Les transferts de fonds causent l'appréciation du taux de change réel et une baisse de la compétitivité du secteur des biens échangeables, en même temps que la part du secteur non-échangeable monte en importance. Les symptômes du syndrome hollandais sont présents à court terme ainsi qu'à long terme. Ces impacts sont plus forts que ceux de l'assistance officielle et des investissements directs étrangers, et différents de ceux-ci. A l'échelle régionale, les transferts de fonds venant du golfe persique contribuent à cela, mais ceux de l'Amérique du Nord et de l'Europe ne montrent pas de signes du syndrome.

Suggested Citation

  • Farid Makhlouf & Mazhar Mughal, 2011. "Remittances, Dutch Disease, and Competitiveness - A Bayesian Analysis," Working Papers hal-01885157, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01885157
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    5. Mariem Brahim & Nader Nefzi & Hamed Sambo, 2017. "Remittances and the real effective exchange rates in MENA countries: What is the long run impact?," Working Papers hal-01583564, HAL.
    6. Farid Makhlouf, 2013. "Remittances and Dutch Disease: A Meta-Analysis," Working Papers hal-01885152, HAL.
    7. Amar Iqbal Anwar & Mazhar Mughal, 2012. "Remittances, inequality and poverty in Pakistan: macro and microeconomic Evidence [Centre d'Analyse Théorique et de Traitement des données économiques REMITTANCES, INEQUALITY AND POVERTY IN PAKISTA," Working Papers hal-01885153, HAL.
    8. Amar Iqbal Anwar & Mazhar Mughal, 2012. "Remittances, inequality and poverty in Pakistan: macro and microeconomic Evidence [Centre d'Analyse Théorique et de Traitement des données économiques REMITTANCES, INEQUALITY AND POVERTY IN PAKISTA," Working papers of CATT hal-01885153, HAL.
    9. Su, Chi-Wei & Sun, Tiezhu & Ahmad, Shabbir & Mirza, Nawazish, 2021. "Does institutional quality and remittances inflow crowd-in private investment to avoid Dutch Disease? A case for emerging seven (E7) economies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    10. Inayat U. Mangla & Jamshed Y. Uppal, 2014. "Macro-economic Policies and Energy Security—Implications for a Chronic Energy Deficit Country," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 53(3), pages 255-273.
    11. Sun QIANG & Adnan KHURSHID & Adrian Cantemir CALIN & Khalid KHAN, 2019. "Do Remittances Contribute to the Development of Financial Institutions? New Evidence from the Developing World," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(2), pages 78-97, June.
    12. Farid Makhlouf, 2013. "Remittances and Dutch Disease: A Meta-Analysis," Working papers of CATT hal-01885152, HAL.
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    14. Farid Makhlouf & Refk Selmi, 2022. "Do sanctions work in a crypto world? The impact of the removal of Russian Banks from SWIFT on Remittances," Working Papers hal-03599089, HAL.
    15. Nuno Baetas da Silva & João Sousa Andrade & António Portugal Duarte, 2016. "Alternative Sources of Dutch Disease: A Survey of the Literature," GEMF Working Papers 2016-10, GEMF, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra.
    16. Junaid Ahmed, 2012. "Cyclical Properties of Migrant's Remittances to Pakistan: What the data tell us," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 32(4), pages 3266-3278.
    17. Nadia Eldemerdash & Steven T. Landis, 2023. "The Divergent Effects of Remittance Transfers for Post-Disaster States," Economics of Disasters and Climate Change, Springer, vol. 7(3), pages 483-501, November.
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    Keywords

    Remittances; Real exchange rate; Dutch disease; Competitiveness; Bayesian analysis; Pakistan;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F40 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - General
    • F41 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Open Economy Macroeconomics
    • O10 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - General

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