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Country Competitiveness and Investment Allocation in the Mining Industry: A survey of the literature and new empirical evidence

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  • Prialé Zevallos, Rodrigo
  • Vásquez Cordano, Arturo Leonardo

Abstract

La inversión en exploración minera es el principal impulsor de la producción minera a futuro. Sin inversión en exploración, no es posible sostener la producción de metales a largo plazo. Los países con mayor competitividad minera tenderán a atraer cantidades mayores de inversiones en exploración. Según el enfoque "tradicional" de la competitividad minera, el potencial geológico de un país es un determinante crucial de su competitividad. Esta proposición implica que el potencial geológico sería el principal impulsor de la asignación de inversiones en exploración en todo el mundo. En los últimos años, ha surgido una visión "alternativa" de la competitividad minera. Según esta hipótesis, el clima de inversión de un país es el principal determinante de su competitividad. Sin embargo, las pruebas empíricas que respaldan la validez de esta visión "alternativa" siguen siendo escasas. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar, teórica y empíricamente, la validez de estos dos puntos de vista. En primer lugar, se hace un estudio de la bibliografía sobre el tema para identificar los principales determinantes de los gastos en exploración minera, que es el principal indicador de la competitividad minera identificado en la literatura. En segundo lugar, para analizar los determinantes de los gastos de exploración minera, desarrollamos un modelo de media exponencial de Poisson (PPML) para comprobar la validez de la visión "alternativa". Utilizamos el método de Pseudo Máxima Verosimilitud para obtener las estimaciones de los parámetros, dada la naturaleza no lineal y sesgada de nuestra variable dependiente. Trabajando con un conjunto de datos de corte transversal de 72 países para el año 2014, encontramos evidencia empírica robusta a favor de la visión "alternativa" de la competitividad minera. Los gastos totales presupuestados de exploración minera están determinados no sólo por el potencial geológico de los países, como sostiene la teoría estándar del comercio internacional, sino también por el clima de inversiones. Además, se analiza el impacto en la competitividad minera de dos variables adicionales: los conflictos sociales y la densidad de población. Nuestros resultados muestran que estas dos variables son también determinantes estadísticamente significativos de la competitividad minera entre los países. Asimismo, se estiman las elasticidades regionales para medir el impacto de las variables de control en la competitividad minera de los países ubicados en diferentes regiones. Los países incluidos en la muestra se agrupan en seis regiones: América del Norte, Oceanía, Europa, América Latina, Asia y África. Mediante un análisis de quintiles, se observa que el clima de inversión tiene un impacto elástico en la atracción de las inversiones en exploración minera, pero sólo en los cinco primeros deciles de la distribución. Al mismo tiempo, el potencial geológico comienza a tener un impacto relevante pero aún inelástico a partir del sexto decil. Estas conclusiones pueden ayudar a los hacedores de política minera y a los empresarios a elaborar planes estratégicos para atraer inversiones mineras y promover el crecimiento económico en diferentes jurisdicciones.

Suggested Citation

  • Prialé Zevallos, Rodrigo & Vásquez Cordano, Arturo Leonardo, 2020. "Country Competitiveness and Investment Allocation in the Mining Industry: A survey of the literature and new empirical evidence," Documentos de Trabajo 004, Escuela de Postgrado GERENS.
  • Handle: RePEc:ger:dtrabj:004
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    3. Valverde-Carbonell, Jorge & Pietrobelli, Carlo & Menéndez, María de las Mercedes, 2024. "Minerals’ criticality and countries' mining competitiveness: Two faces of the same coin," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    4. Baffes, John & Kabundi, Alain, 2023. "Commodity price shocks: Order within chaos?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
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    JEL classification:

    • C21 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models
    • C52 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F21 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
    • L72 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction - - - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources
    • Q38 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation - - - Government Policy (includes OPEC Policy)

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