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Causality between Per Capita Real GDP and Income Inequality in the U.S.: Evidence from a Wavelet Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Shinhye Chang

    (Department of Economics, University of Pretoria)

  • Rangan Gupta

    (Department of Economics, University of Pretoria)

  • Stephen M. Miller

    (Department of Economics, University of Nevada, USA.)

Abstract

This study applies wavelet coherency analysis to examine the relationship between the U.S. per capita real GDP and six income inequality measures over the period 1917 to 2012. Wavelet analysis allows the simultaneous examination of correlation and causality between the two series in both the time and frequency domains. Our findings provide robust evidence of positive correlation between the growth and inequality across frequencies. Yet, directions of causality vary across frequencies and evolve with time. In the time-domain, the time-varying nature of long-run causalities implies structural changes in the two series. These findings provide a more thorough picture of the relationship between the U.S. per capita real GDP and inequality measures over time and frequency, suggesting important implications for policy makers.

Suggested Citation

  • Shinhye Chang & Rangan Gupta & Stephen M. Miller, 2015. "Causality between Per Capita Real GDP and Income Inequality in the U.S.: Evidence from a Wavelet Analysis," Working Papers 201597, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:pre:wpaper:201597
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    Cited by:

    1. Murat Cetin & Harun Demir & Selin Saygin, 2021. "Financial Development, Technological Innovation and Income Inequality: Time Series Evidence from Turkey," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 156(1), pages 47-69, July.
    2. Mihaela Simionescu & Bogdan Oancea, 2025. "Does Income Inequality Influence Energy Consumption in the European Union?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-19, February.
    3. Oğuzhan Çepni & Rangan Gupta & Zhihui Lv, 2020. "Threshold effects of inequality on economic growth in the US states: the role of human capital to physical capital ratio," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(19), pages 1546-1551, November.
    4. Balcilar, Mehmet & Berisha, Edmond & Gupta, Rangan & Pierdzioch, Christian, 2021. "Time-varying evidence of predictability of financial stress in the United States over a century: The role of inequality," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 87-92.
    5. Nai Chiek Aik & Qiurui Zhang, 2023. "Use of Theil for a Specific Duality Economy: Assessing the Impact of Digital Inclusive Finance on Urban-Rural Income Gap in Chongqing," FinTech, MDPI, vol. 2(4), pages 1-12, September.
    6. Fugui Li & Weiqi Mu & Siying Li & Xue Li & Jianxin Zhang & Chen Chen & MingJie Zhou, 2022. "Income and Subjective Well-being: Test of a Multilevel Moderated Mediation Model," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 17(4), pages 2041-2058, August.
    7. Mehmet Balcilar & Seyi Saint Akadiri & Rangan Gupta & Stephen M. Miller, 2019. "Partisan Conflict and Income Inequality in the United States: A Nonparametric Causality-in-Quantiles Approach," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 142(1), pages 65-82, February.
    8. Mohamed Ali Chroufa & Nouri Chtourou, 2022. "Inequality and Growth in Tunisia: New Evidence from Threshold Regression," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 163(2), pages 901-924, September.
    9. Mehmet Balcilar & Seyi Saint Akadiri & Rangan Gupta & Stephen M. Miller, 2017. "Partisan Conflict and Income Distribution in the United States: A Nonparametric Causality-in-Quantiles Approach," Working Papers 201741, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
    10. Bruno Ćorić & Rangan Gupta, 2023. "Economic disasters and inequality: a note," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 56(5), pages 3527-3543, October.

    More about this item

    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • C49 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Other
    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution

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