IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/cpr/ceprdp/11987.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Choices in Equity Finance A Global Perspective

Author

Listed:
  • Massa, Massimo
  • Mataigne, Virginie
  • Vermaelen, Theo
  • Xu, Moqi

Abstract

Equity issues can be structured as cash or rights offers and depending on the country’s legislation firms can allow or restrict tradability of the rights. We study these choices using a worldwide sample of equity issues announced in 127 countries. We consider whether these choices as well as the short and long-term stock returns can be explained by a number of hypotheses proposed in the literature. The empirical findings confirm that the issuing method is driven by adverse selection and financial distress concerns, while the tradability decision reflects execution risk as well as transactions costs.

Suggested Citation

  • Massa, Massimo & Mataigne, Virginie & Vermaelen, Theo & Xu, Moqi, 2017. "Choices in Equity Finance A Global Perspective," CEPR Discussion Papers 11987, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:11987
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://cepr.org/publications/DP11987
    Download Restriction: CEPR Discussion Papers are free to download for our researchers, subscribers and members. If you fall into one of these categories but have trouble downloading our papers, please contact us at subscribers@cepr.org
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jean-François Gajewski & Edith Ginglinger, 2002. "Seasoned Equity Issues in a Closely Held Market: Evidence from France," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 6(3), pages 291-319.
    2. Stewart C. Myers & Nicholas S. Majluf, 1984. "Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions When Firms Have InformationThat Investors Do Not Have," NBER Working Papers 1396, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Dhatt, Manjeet S. & Kim, Yong H. & Mukherji, Sandip, 1996. "Seasoned equity issues: The Korean experience," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 4(1), pages 31-43, May.
    4. Myers, Stewart C. & Majluf, Nicholas S., 1984. "Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not have," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 187-221, June.
    5. Ackert, Lucy F. & Tian, Yisong S., 2001. "Efficiency in index options markets and trading in stock baskets," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(9), pages 1607-1634, September.
    6. Ching, Ken M.L. & Firth, Michael & Rui, Oliver M., 2006. "The information content of insider trading around seasoned equity offerings," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 91-117, January.
    7. Pastor-Llorca, Maria Jesus & Martin-Ugedo, Juan Francisco, 2004. "Long-run performance of Spanish seasoned equity issues with rights," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 191-215.
    8. Korteweg, A.G. & Renneboog, L.D.R., 2002. "The Choice between Rights-Preserving Issue Methods : Regulatory and Financial Aspects of Issuing Seasoned Equity in the UK," Other publications TiSEM 8ef42b0f-1de9-4063-b75e-e, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    9. Geert Bekaert & Campbell R. Harvey & Christian Lundblad, 2007. "Liquidity and Expected Returns: Lessons from Emerging Markets," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 20(6), pages 1783-1831, November.
    10. Lesmond, David A., 2005. "Liquidity of emerging markets," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(2), pages 411-452, August.
    11. Cronqvist, Henrik & Nilsson, Mattias, 2005. "The choice between rights offerings and private equity placements," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(2), pages 375-407, November.
    12. Carter, Richard B & Manaster, Steven, 1990. "Initial Public Offerings and Underwriter Reputation," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 45(4), pages 1045-1067, September.
    13. Nickolaos V. Tsangarakis, 1996. "Shareholder Wealth Effects of Equity Issues in Emerging Markets: Evidence from Rights Offerings in Greece," Financial Management, Financial Management Association, vol. 25(3), Fall.
    14. Marsh, Paul, 1980. "Valuation of Underwriting Agreements for UK Rights Issues," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 35(3), pages 693-716, June.
    15. Marco Bigelli, 1998. "The Quasi‐split Effect, Active Insiders and the Italian Market Reaction to Equity Rights Issues," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 4(2), pages 185-206, July.
    16. Robert S. Hansen, 1988. "The Demise of the Rights Issue," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 1(3), pages 289-309.
    17. Rafael La Porta & Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes & Andrei Shleifer & Robert W. Vishny, 1998. "Law and Finance," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 106(6), pages 1113-1155, December.
    18. Carhart, Mark M, 1997. "On Persistence in Mutual Fund Performance," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 52(1), pages 57-82, March.
    19. Tan, Ruth S. K. & Chng, P. L. & Tong, Y. H., 2002. "Private placements and rights issues in Singapore," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 10(1), pages 29-54, January.
    20. Merton, Robert C, 1974. "On the Pricing of Corporate Debt: The Risk Structure of Interest Rates," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 29(2), pages 449-470, May.
    21. Stephen R. Foerster & G. Andrew Karolyi, 1999. "The Effects of Market Segmentation and Investor Recognition on Asset Prices: Evidence from Foreign Stocks Listing in the United States," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 54(3), pages 981-1013, June.
    22. Mark Lang & Karl V. Lins & Mark Maffett, 2012. "Transparency, Liquidity, and Valuation: International Evidence on When Transparency Matters Most," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(3), pages 729-774, June.
    23. Ibbotson, Roger G., 1975. "Price performance of common stock new issues," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 2(3), pages 235-272, September.
    24. Fama, Eugene F. & French, Kenneth R., 2012. "Size, value, and momentum in international stock returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(3), pages 457-472.
    25. Eckbo, B. Espen & Masulis, Ronald W. & Norli, Oyvind, 2000. "Seasoned public offerings: resolution of the 'new issues puzzle'," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(2), pages 251-291, May.
    26. Balachandran, Balasingham & Faff, Robert & Theobald, Michael, 2008. "Rights offerings, takeup, renounceability, and underwriting status," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(2), pages 328-346, August.
    27. Holderness, Clifford G. & Pontiff, Jeffrey, 2016. "Shareholder nonparticipation in valuable rights offerings: New findings for an old puzzle," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(2), pages 252-268.
    28. Lesmond, David A & Ogden, Joseph P & Trzcinka, Charles A, 1999. "A New Estimate of Transaction Costs," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 12(5), pages 1113-1141.
    29. Nancy D. Ursel, 2006. "Rights Offerings and Corporate Financial Condition," Financial Management, Financial Management Association, vol. 35(1), Spring.
    30. David McLean, R. & Pontiff, Jeffrey & Watanabe, Akiko, 2009. "Share issuance and cross-sectional returns: International evidence," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(1), pages 1-17, October.
    31. Atanasov, Vladimir & Black, Bernard & Ciccotello, Conrad & Gyoshev, Stanley, 2010. "How does law affect finance? An examination of equity tunneling in Bulgaria," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 96(1), pages 155-173, April.
    32. Heinkel, Robert L & Schwartz, Eduardo S, 1986. "Rights versus Underwritten Offerings: An Asymmetric Information Approach," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 41(1), pages 1-18, March.
    33. Marsden, Alastair, 2000. "Shareholder wealth effects of rights issues: Evidence from the New Zealand capital market," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 8(3-4), pages 419-442, July.
    34. Wu, Xueping & Wang, Zheng & Yao, Jun, 2016. "A Rent-Protection Explanation for SEO Flotation-Method Choice," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 51(3), pages 1039-1069, June.
    35. Myers, Stewart C., 1977. "Determinants of corporate borrowing," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 5(2), pages 147-175, November.
    36. Kang, Jun-Koo & Stulz, Rene M, 1996. "How Different Is Japanese Corporate Finance? An Investigation of the Information Content of New Security Issues," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 9(1), pages 109-139.
    37. Adaoglu, Cahit, 2006. "Market reaction to "unsweetened" and "sweetened" rights offerings in an emerging European stock market," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 249-268, July.
    38. Eckbo, B. Espen & Masulis, Ronald W., 1992. "Adverse selection and the rights offer paradox," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 293-332, December.
    39. Loughran, Tim & Ritter, Jay R, 1995. "The New Issues Puzzle," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 50(1), pages 23-51, March.
    40. Poitras, Geoffrey, 2002. "Short sales restrictions, dilution and the pricing of rights issues on the Singapore Stock Exchange," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 10(2), pages 141-162, April.
    41. Amihud, Yakov, 2002. "Illiquidity and stock returns: cross-section and time-series effects," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 5(1), pages 31-56, January.
    42. Seth Armitage, 1998. "Seasoned equity offers and rights issues: a review of the evidence," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 4(1), pages 29-59.
    43. Randall A. Heron & Erik Lie, 2004. "A Comparison of the Motivations for and the Information Content of Different Types of Equity Offerings," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 77(3), pages 605-632, July.
    44. Smith, Clifford Jr., 1977. "Alternative methods for raising capital : Rights versus underwritten offerings," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 5(3), pages 273-307, December.
    45. Hietala, Pekka T., 1994. "The efficiency of the Finnish market for right issues," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 18(5), pages 895-920, October.
    46. Heckman, James, 2013. "Sample selection bias as a specification error," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 31(3), pages 129-137.
    47. Piman Limpaphayom & Anchalee Ngamwutikul, 2004. "Ownership structure and post-issue operating performance of firms conducting seasoned equity offerings in Thailand," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 28(3), pages 307-332, September.
    48. Marisetty, Vijaya B. & Marsden, Alastair & Veeraraghavan, Madhu, 2008. "Price reaction to rights issues in the Indian capital market," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 316-340, June.
    49. repec:dau:papers:123456789/1949 is not listed on IDEAS
    50. Idson, Todd L & Feaster, Daniel J, 1990. "A Selectivity Model of Employer-Size Wage Differentials," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 8(1), pages 99-122, January.
    51. Nancy D. Ursel, 2006. "Rights Offerings and Corporate Financial Condition," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 35(1), pages 31-52, March.
    52. Elias Rantapuska & Samuli Knüpfer, 2008. "Which Investors Leave Money on the Table? Evidence from Rights Issues," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 12(4), pages 701-733.
    53. Brennan, Michael J. & Chordia, Tarun & Subrahmanyam, Avanidhar, 1998. "Alternative factor specifications, security characteristics, and the cross-section of expected stock returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(3), pages 345-373, September.
    54. Loughran, Tim & Ritter, Jay R., 2000. "Uniformly least powerful tests of market efficiency," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(3), pages 361-389, March.
    55. M. Brunetti & C. Torricelli, 2007. "The internal and cross market efficiency in index option markets: an investigation of the Italian market," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(1), pages 25-33.
    56. Richard Stehle & Olaf Ehrhardt & René Przyborowsky, 2000. "Long‐run stock performance of German initial public offerings and seasoned equity issues," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 6(2), pages 173-196, June.
    57. Balachandran, Balasingham & Faff, Robert & Theobald, Michael & van Zijl, Tony, 2012. "Rights Offerings, Subscription Period, Shareholder Takeup, and Liquidity," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 47(1), pages 213-239, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Burkart, Mike & Zhong, Hongda, 2019. "Equity Issue Methods and dilution," CEPR Discussion Papers 14130, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    2. Bipin Sony & Saumitra Bhadurib, 2020. "Information asymmetry and the choice between rights issue and private placement of equity," BASE University Working Papers 01/2020, BASE University, Bengaluru, India.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Massa, Massimo & Vermaelen, Theo & Xu, Moqi, 2013. "Rights offerings, trading, and regulation: a global perspective," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 55403, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    2. Holderness, Clifford G., 2018. "Equity issuances and agency costs: The telling story of shareholder approval around the world," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 129(3), pages 415-439.
    3. Lee, Chin-Chong & Poon, Wai-Ching & Sinnakkannu, Jothee, 2014. "Why are rights offers in Hong Kong so different?," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 176-197.
    4. Consuelo Riano & Fco. Javier Ruiz & Rafael Santamaria, 2007. "Determinants of the underpricing of new shares during the subscription period: empirical evidence from the Spanish stock exchange," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(7), pages 521-540.
    5. Nils Bobenhausen & Wolfgang Breuer & Astrid Salzmann, 2020. "Determinants of discounts in equity rights issues: An international comparison," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 38(2), pages 300-320, April.
    6. Marisetty, Vijaya B. & Marsden, Alastair & Veeraraghavan, Madhu, 2008. "Price reaction to rights issues in the Indian capital market," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 316-340, June.
    7. Holderness, Clifford G. & Pontiff, Jeffrey, 2016. "Shareholder nonparticipation in valuable rights offerings: New findings for an old puzzle," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(2), pages 252-268.
    8. Hue Hwa Au Yong & Christine Brown & Choy Yeing (Chloe) Ho & Chander Shekhar, 2021. "Rights issues: Retail shareholders and their participation decisions," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 21(3), pages 917-944, September.
    9. Kim, Ju Hyun & Song, Kyojik, 2020. "The choice of SEO method in Korea: Rights vs. public offers," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    10. Dang, Man & Puwanenthiren, Premkanth & Truong, Cameron & Henry, Darren & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2022. "Audit quality and seasoned equity offerings methods," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    11. Dang, Man & Puwanenthiren, Premkanth & Thai, Hong An & Mazur, Mieszko & Jones, Edward & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2021. "Policy uncertainty and seasoned equity offerings methods," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    12. repec:dau:papers:123456789/4430 is not listed on IDEAS
    13. Lee, Chin-Chong & Poon, Wai-Ching, 2018. "Wealth transfers in rights offerings and the protective instruments," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 14(3), pages 335-357.
    14. Kabir, Rezaul & Roosenboom, Peter, 2003. "Can the stock market anticipate future operating performance? Evidence from equity rights issues," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 9(1), pages 93-113, January.
    15. Chiarella, Carlo & Cubillas, Elena & Suárez, Nuria, 2019. "Bank recapitalization in Europe: Informational content in the issuing method," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    16. B. Espen Eckbo, 2008. "Equity Issues and the Disappearing Rights Offer Phenomenon," Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Morgan Stanley, vol. 20(4), pages 72-85, September.
    17. Pawel Bilinski & Norman Strong, 2013. "Managers’ Private Information, Investor Underreaction and Long†Run SEO Performance," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 19(5), pages 956-990, November.
    18. Balachandran, Balasingham & Faff, Robert & Theobald, Michael, 2008. "Rights offerings, takeup, renounceability, and underwriting status," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(2), pages 328-346, August.
    19. Bortolotti, Bernardo & Megginson, William & Smart, Scott B., 2007. "The Rise of Accelerated Seasoned Equity Underwritings," Privatisation Regulation Corporate Governance Working Papers 12190, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM).
    20. Edith Ginglinger & Laure Matsoukis & Fabrice Riva, 2013. "Seasoned Equity Offerings: Stock Market Liquidity and the Rights Offer Paradox," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(1-2), pages 215-238, January.
    21. Fried, Jesse M. & Spamann, Holger, 2020. "Cheap-stock tunneling around preemptive rights," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 137(2), pages 353-370.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Rights issue; Seasoned equity offer; Liquidity of rights;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • G38 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • K22 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - Business and Securities Law

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:11987. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: the person in charge (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.cepr.org .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.