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Pérdida de autosuficiencia alimentaria y posibilidades de complementariedad agrícola en los países de UNASUR

Author

Listed:
  • Fander Falconí

    (Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, FLACSO-Ecuador)

  • Juan Cadillo Benalcazar

    (Centro de Prospectiva Estrategica, Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales)

  • Freddy Llive Cóndor

    (Centro de Prospectiva Estrategica, Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales)

  • Jesus Ramos-Martin

    (Centro de Prospectiva Estrategica, Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales)

  • Belén Liger

    (Centro de Prospectiva Estrategica, Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales)

Abstract

La autosuficiencia alimentaria suele destacarse como uno de los mayores logros de un país. Sudamérica produce todos los tipos de alimentos que se requieren para satisfacer los requerimientos calóricos y para contar con una dieta balanceada; eso es posible pues cuenta con todos los cultivos, desde los tropicales hasta los de clima frío, pasando por los de tierras templadas. Sin embargo, hay una pérdida sistemática de autosuficiencia alimentaria (mayores importaciones en relación al consumo interno medidas en toneladas métricas) en los países de UNASUR, en los últimos 50 años. La pérdida de autosuficiencia alimentaria tiene implicaciones en la calidad de la dieta. La mayor dependencia alimentaria obedece a factores estructurales asociados a la inserción en los mercados internacionales (como países proveedores de materias primas y alimentos) y a la falta de políticas internas en cada país. El artículo propone profundizar la complementariedad agrícola en los países de UNASUR y la posible desviación de comercio derivada, dado que muchas importaciones de alimentos se realizan en un ámbito extra regional, pese la disponibilidad regional. Esto se puede lograr con coordinación de políticas macroeconómicas y agrícolas en el ámbito regional, profundizando los niveles de integración. La autosuficiencia alimentaria es importante porque baja costos de transportación (y, por ende, baja las emisiones de CO2), permite ahorrar divisas y usarlas en importaciones de tecnología avanzada, entre otros beneficios.

Suggested Citation

  • Fander Falconí & Juan Cadillo Benalcazar & Freddy Llive Cóndor & Jesus Ramos-Martin & Belén Liger, 2015. "Pérdida de autosuficiencia alimentaria y posibilidades de complementariedad agrícola en los países de UNASUR," Documentos de Trabajo CEPROEC 2015_06, Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales, Centro de Prospectiva Estratégica.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpe:cpewps:2015_06
    Note: Draft sent to Food Policy
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Autosuficiencia alimentaria; UNASUR; complementariedad agrícola;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q11 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices
    • Q17 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agriculture in International Trade
    • Q18 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy; Animal Welfare Policy
    • Q57 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Ecological Economics

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