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Evolución De Las Diferencias Salariales Por Sexo En Seis Países De América Latina Un Intento De Interpretación

Author

Listed:
  • Jaime Tenjo G
  • Rocío Ribero M.
  • Luisa Fernanda Bernat D.

Abstract

Este documento analiza la evolución de las diferencias más marcadas por género en los mercados laborales de seis países de América Latina. Se estudian la participación laboral, el desempleo, las oportunidades de trabajo y los ingresos durante las dos últimas décadas del Siglo XX. Los resultados en la situación de la mujer en el Mercado laboral son mixtos: por un lado, los diferenciales de salarios por hora han disminuido significativamente, y, por otro lado, el acceso de la mujer al empleo también ha disminuido relativamente al masculino. La segmentación del mercado observada no parece ser responsable las diferencias observadas en salarios por hora. Antes bien, las diferencias observadas en salarios por hora entre hombres y mujeres parecen estar asociadas con patrones de remuneración laboral al interior de sectores y al interior de ocupaciones. El análisis realizado de regresión de ingresos sugiere que los diferenciales en salarios por hora disminuyen al aumentar el capital humano, indicando que aunque es posible que todavía queden rezagos de discriminación en contra de las mujeres, esta discriminación es estadística (a la Phelps), más que basada en prejuicios contra el género femenino. El tipo de discriminación que persiste es el basado en los roles tradicionales femeninos que todavía hacen de la mujer la más responsable por la administración del hogar y el cuidado de los hijos.

Suggested Citation

  • Jaime Tenjo G & Rocío Ribero M. & Luisa Fernanda Bernat D., 2005. "Evolución De Las Diferencias Salariales Por Sexo En Seis Países De América Latina Un Intento De Interpretación," Documentos CEDE 2656, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000089:002656
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Reyna Elizabeth Rodríguez Pérez. & Felipe de Jesús García Alvarado., 2020. "Desigualdad salarial entre trabajadores con y sin discapacidad en México, ¿Discriminación o menor productividad?. (Salary Inequality Among Workers with and without Disabilities in Mexico, Discriminati," Ensayos Revista de Economia, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Economia, vol. 0(2), pages 217-245, November.
    2. Mora, Jhon James & Arcila, Andrés Mauricio, 2014. "Brechas salariales por etnia y ubicación geográfica en Santiago de Cali || Wage Gap by Geographic Location and Ethnicity in Cali (Colombia)," Revista de Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa = Journal of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, vol. 18(1), pages 34-53, December.
    3. Carla Canelas & Silvia Salazar, 2014. "Gender and ethnic inequalities in LAC countries," IZA Journal of Labor & Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 3(1), pages 1-15, December.
    4. Dustin T. G. RODRIGUEZ, 2016. "Returns to Education of Colombian Economists: Analysis from the Theory of Human Capital (2009-2013)," Journal of Economic and Social Thought, KSP Journals, vol. 3(1), pages 139-149, March.
    5. Miguel Urrutia Montoya, 2011. "Democracia y Crecimiento Económico en Colombia 1958-2000," Documentos CEDE 9254, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    6. Fernando Borraz & Cecilia Robano, 2010. "Brecha Salarial en Uruguay," Revista de Analisis Economico – Economic Analysis Review, Universidad Alberto Hurtado/School of Economics and Business, vol. 25(1), pages 49-77, June.
    7. Atal, Juan Pablo & Ñopo, Hugo R. & Winder, Natalia, 2009. "New Century, Old Disparities: Gender and Ethnic Wage Gaps in Latin America," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 1131, Inter-American Development Bank.
    8. Alejandro Hoyos & Hugo Ñopo & Ximena Peña, 2010. "The Persistent Gender Earnings Gap in Colombia, 1994-2006," Documentos CEDE 7094, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    9. Alejandro Hoyos & Hugo Ñopo & Ximena Peña, 2010. "The Persistent Gender Earnings Gap in Colombia, 1994-2006," Documentos CEDE 007094, Universidad de los Andes - CEDE.
    10. Paul Carrillo & Néstor Gandelman & Virginia Robano, 2014. "Sticky floors and glass ceilings in Latin America," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 12(3), pages 339-361, September.
    11. Carla Canelas & Silvia Salazar, 2014. "Gender and Ethnicity in Bolivia, Ecuador and Guatemala," Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 14021, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1), Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne.
    12. Mauricio Quinones Domínguez & Juan Antonio Rodríguez Sinisterra, 2011. "Rendimiento de la educación en las regiones colombianas: un análisis usando la Descomposición Oaxaca-Blinder," Revista Sociedad y Economía, Universidad del Valle, CIDSE, August.
    13. Carlos G. Ospino & Paola Roldán Vasquez & Nacira Barraza Narváez, 2010. "Oaxaca-Blinder wage decomposition: Methods, critiques and applications. A literature review," Revista de Economía del Caribe 7807, Universidad del Norte.
    14. Daniela Santos Cárdenas, 2017. "Faldas por pantalones: las obreras, la brecha salarial, y el sindicalismo femenino en la industria en Colombia en 1945," Documentos CEDE 15669, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    15. Sara de la Rica; Luz Karime Abadía Alvarado & Luz Karime Abadía Alvarado, 2011. "Changes in the Gender Wage Gap and the Role of Education and Other Job Characteristics: Colombia 1994-2010," Vniversitas Económica 10088, Universidad Javeriana - Bogotá.
    16. Paula María Almonacid Hurtado & Armando Lenin Támara Ayús & María Patricia Valero Obando & Javier Mauricio Vega Aponte, 2013. "Determinantes de los ingresos laborales de los contadores públicos de la Universidad EAFIT, Colombia," Revista Lebret, Universidad Santo Tomás - Bucaramanga, vol. 5, pages 357-375, December.
    17. Javier Yabrudy, 2011. "Discriminación étnica e ingresos en la Isla de San Andrés, Colombia," Revista de Economía del Rosario, Universidad del Rosario, November.

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    Keywords

    diferencial salarial;

    JEL classification:

    • J3 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs

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