Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

2021

• Orlando Gomes, 2021, "Hand-to-mouth consumers, rule-of-thumb savers, and optimal control," Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, Springer;Society for Economic Science with Heterogeneous Interacting Agents, volume 16, issue 2, pages 229-263, April, DOI: 10.1007/s11403-020-00292-4.
• Bagliano, Fabio C. & Fugazza, Carolina & Nicodano, Giovanna, 2021, "Life-cycle risk-taking with personal disaster risk," ESRB Working Paper Series, European Systemic Risk Board, number 132, Dec.
• Halvor Briseid Storrøsten, 2021, "Endogenous preferences and environmental policy," Discussion Papers, Statistics Norway, Research Department, number 964, Oct.
• Michael Keane & Timothy Neal, 2021, "Robust Inference for the Frisch Labor Supply Elasticity," Discussion Papers, School of Economics, The University of New South Wales, number 2021-07b, Oct.
• Goenka, Aditya & Liu, Lin & Nguyen, Manh-Hung, 2021, "Modeling optimal quarantines with waning immunity," TSE Working Papers, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), number 21-1206, May, revised Jul 2022.
• Mohd Ali, Ahmad Fahme & Mohd Radzi, Naziatul Aziah & Kosnin, Ruzanifah & Hassan, Suchi & Saidin, Siti Salina, 2021, "Estimating Expenditure Pattern and Permanent Income Hypothesis: Evidence from Kelantan Malaysia," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, volume 55, issue 2, pages 39-49, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JEM-2021.
• Mariacristina De Nardi & Eric French & John Bailey Jones & Rory McGee, 2021, "Why Do Couples and Singles Save During Retirement?," University of Western Ontario, Centre for Human Capital and Productivity (CHCP) Working Papers, University of Western Ontario, Centre for Human Capital and Productivity (CHCP), number 20212.
• Rory McGee, 2021, "Old Age Savings and House Price Shocks," University of Western Ontario, Departmental Research Report Series, University of Western Ontario, Department of Economics, number 20214.
• Palenik Marcin, 2021, "The effect of uncertainty on negative discounting," International Journal of Management and Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of World Economy, volume 57, issue 4, pages 287-298, December, DOI: 10.2478/ijme-2021-0023.
• Bossavie,Laurent Loic Yves & Gorlach,Joseph-Simon & Ozden,Caglar & Wang,He, 2021, "Temporary Migration for Long-term Investment," Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank, number 9740, Jul.
• Anne T. Byrne & David R. Just, 2021, "The Other Half: An Examination of Monthly Food Pantry Cycles in the Context of SNAP Benefits," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, volume 43, issue 2, pages 716-731, June, DOI: 10.1002/aepp.13150.
• Renata Bottazzi & Serena Trucchi & Matthew Wakefield, 2021, "Labour supply responses to financial wealth shocks: evidence from Italy," Fiscal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, volume 42, issue 2, pages 291-317, June, DOI: 10.1111/1475-5890.12254.
• Naijia Guo & Charles Ka Yui Leung, 2021, "Do elite colleges matter? The impact on entrepreneurship decisions and career dynamics," Quantitative Economics, Econometric Society, volume 12, issue 4, pages 1347-1397, November, DOI: 10.3982/QE1587.
• Oberrauch, Luis & Kaiser, Tim, 2021, "Cognitive ability, financial literacy, and narrow bracketing in time-preference elicitation," EconStor Preprints, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, number 245802.
• Fuchs-Schündeln, Nicola & Krueger, Dirk & Ludwig, Alexander & Popova, Irina, 2021, "The long-term distributional and welfare effects of Covid-19 school closures," ICIR Working Paper Series, Goethe University Frankfurt, International Center for Insurance Regulation (ICIR), number 37/21.
• Fuchs-Schündeln, Nicola & Krueger, Dirk & Kurmann, André & Lalé, Etienne & Ludwig, Alexander & Popova, Irina, 2021, "The fiscal and welfare effects of policy responses to the Covid-19 school closures," ICIR Working Paper Series, Goethe University Frankfurt, International Center for Insurance Regulation (ICIR), number 41/21.
• Fujisawa, Chieko & Kasuga, Norihiro, 2021, "How should durable goods firms combine online and mass media advertisements to promote sales?," 23rd ITS Biennial Conference, Online Conference / Gothenburg 2021. Digital societies and industrial transformations: Policies, markets, and technologies in a post-Covid world, International Telecommunications Society (ITS), number 238023.
• Mense, Andreas, 2021, "Secondary housing supply," FAU Discussion Papers in Economics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Institute for Economics, number 05/2021.
• Britto, Anthony & Dehler-Holland, Joris & Fichtner, Wolf, 2021, "Optimal investment in energy efficiency as a problem of growth rate maximisation," Working Paper Series in Production and Energy, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Industrial Production (IIP), number 56, DOI: 10.5445/IR/1000130464.
• Ortigueira, Salvador & Siassi, Nawid, 2021, "On the Optimal Reform of Income Support for Single Parents," ECON WPS - Working Papers in Economic Theory and Policy, TU Wien, Institute of Statistics and Mathematical Methods in Economics, Economics Research Unit, number 05/2021.

2020

• Monisankar Bishnu & Cagri Kumru, 2020, "A Note on the Annuity Role of Estate Tax - ONLINE SUPPLEMENT," ANU Working Papers in Economics and Econometrics, Australian National University, College of Business and Economics, School of Economics, number 2020-676, Nov.
• Thomas Epper & Ernst Fehr & Helga Fehr-Duda & Claus Thustrup Kreiner & David Dreyer Lassen & Søren Leth-Petersen & Gregers Nytoft Rasmussen, 2020, "Time Discounting and Wealth Inequality," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, volume 110, issue 4, pages 1177-1205, April, DOI: 10.1257/aer.20181096.
• Federico Echenique & Taisuke Imai & Kota Saito, 2020, "Testable Implications of Models of Intertemporal Choice: Exponential Discounting and Its Generalizations," American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, American Economic Association, volume 12, issue 4, pages 114-143, November, DOI: 10.1257/mic.20180028.
• Anujit Chakraborty & Yoram Halevy & Kota Saito, 2020, "The Relation between Behavior under Risk and over Time," American Economic Review: Insights, American Economic Association, volume 2, issue 1, pages 1-16, March, DOI: 10.1257/aeri.20190051.
• Andrew Garin & Emilie Jackson & Dmitri K. Koustas & Carl McPherson, 2020, "Is New Platform Work Different from Other Freelancing?," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, volume 110, pages 157-161, May, DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20201039.
• Jonathan Cohen & Keith Marzilli Ericson & David Laibson & John Myles White, 2020, "Measuring Time Preferences," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, volume 58, issue 2, pages 299-347, June, DOI: 10.1257/jel.20191074.
• Horioka, Charles Yuji, 2020, "Does the Selfish Life-Cycle Model Apply in the Case of Japan?," AGI Working Paper Series, Asian Growth Research Institute, number 2020-04, Mar.
• Ventura, Luigi & Horioka, Charles Yuji, 2020, "The Wealth Decumulation Behavior of the Retired Elderly in Italy: The Importance of Bequest Motives and Precautionary Saving," AGI Working Paper Series, Asian Growth Research Institute, number 2020-08, Apr.
• Horioka, Charles Yuji, 2020, "Is the Selfish Life-Cycle Model More Applicable in Japan and, If So, Why? A Literature Survey," AGI Working Paper Series, Asian Growth Research Institute, number 2020-18, Sep.
• Lise Clain-Chamosset-Yvrard & Xavier Raurich & Thomas Seegmuller, 2020, "Are the liquidity and collateral roles of asset bubbles different?," AMSE Working Papers, Aix-Marseille School of Economics, France, number 2010, Apr.
• Janina Isabel Steinert & Rucha Vasumati Satish & Felix Stips & Sebastian Vollmer, 2020, "Commitment or Concealment? Impacts and Use of a Portable Saving Device: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Urban India," Munich Papers in Political Economy, Munich School of Politics and Public Policy and the School of Management at the Technical University of Munich, number 04, Sep.
• Gregory Howard & John C. Whitehead & Jacob Hochard, 2020, "Estimating Discount Rates Using Referendum-style Choice Experiments: An Analysis of Multiple Methods," Working Papers, Department of Economics, Appalachian State University, number 20-01.
• Xavier D'Haultfoeuille & Christophe Gaillac & Arnaud Maurel, 2020, "Rationalizing Rational Expectations: Characterization and Tests," Papers, arXiv.org, number 2003.11537, Mar, revised Dec 2020.
• Qingyin Ma & Alexis Akira Toda, 2020, "A Theory of the Saving Rate of the Rich," Papers, arXiv.org, number 2005.02379, May, revised Jan 2021.
• Tjeerd de Vries & Alexis Akira Toda, 2020, "Capital and Labor Income Pareto Exponents across Time and Space," Papers, arXiv.org, number 2006.03441, Jun, revised Jun 2021.
• Dilnoza Muslimova & Hans van Kippersluis & Cornelius A. Rietveld & Stephanie von Hinke & S. Fleur W. Meddens, 2020, "Nature-nurture interplay in educational attainment," Papers, arXiv.org, number 2012.05021, Dec, revised Jul 2023.
• Florina Salaghe & Dimitra Papadovasilaki & Federico Guerrero & James Sundali, 2020, "Temptation and Retirement Accounts: A Story of Time Inconsistency and Bounded Rationality," Athens Journal of Business & Economics, Athens Institute for Education and Research (ATINER), volume 6, issue 3, pages 173-198, April, DOI: 10.30958/ajbe.6-3-1.
• Saverio M. Fratini, 2020, "Interest, profit and saving in Arrow-Debreu equilibrium models," Bulletin of Political Economy, Bulletin of Political Economy, volume 14, issue 1, pages 39-53, June.
• Alexander M. Danzer & Lennard Zyska, 2020, "Pensions and Fertility: Micro-Economic Evidence," Working Papers, Bavarian Graduate Program in Economics (BGPE), number 192, Mar.
• Aditya Goenka & Lin Liu & Nguyen, Manh-Hung, 2020, "Modeling optimal quarantines under infectious disease related mortality," Discussion Papers, Department of Economics, University of Birmingham, number 20-24, Oct.
• Aditya Goenka & Lin Liu & Nguyen, Manh-Hung, 2020, "SIR Economic Epidemiological Models with Disease Induced Mortality," Discussion Papers, Department of Economics, University of Birmingham, number 20-25, Oct.
• Seonghoon Kim & Kanghyock Koh, 2020, "Does Early Access To Pension Wealth Improve Health?," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, volume 58, issue 4, pages 1783-1794, October, DOI: 10.1111/ecin.12903.
• Tommaso Aquilante & Luca Livio & Tom Potoms, 2020, "On-the-job training and intra-family dynamics," Bank of England working papers, Bank of England, number 873, Jun.
• Myunghyun Kim & Ohik Kwon, 2020, "Impacts of Population Aging on Real Interest Rates (in Korean)," Economic Analysis (Quarterly), Economic Research Institute, Bank of Korea, volume 26, issue 1, pages 133-166, March.
• Bagchi Shantanu & Feigenbaum James A., 2020, "Annuity Markets and Capital Accumulation," The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics, De Gruyter, volume 20, issue 1, pages 1-10, January, DOI: 10.1515/bejte-2018-0055.
• Congressional Budget Office, 2020, "Approaches to Changing Military Compensation," Reports, Congressional Budget Office, number 55648, Jan.
• Fabio C. Bagliano & Carolina Fugazza & Giovanna Nicodano, 2020, "Life-Cycle Welfare Losses from Rules-of-Thumb Asset Allocation," Carlo Alberto Notebooks, Collegio Carlo Alberto, number 616.
• Alexander M. Danzer & Lennard Zyska, 2020, "Pensions and Fertility: Micro-Economic Evidence," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 8173.
• Zarko Kalamov & Marco Runkel, 2020, "Present-Focused Preferences and Sin Goods Consumption at the Extensive and Intensive Margins," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 8237.
• Thomas Aronsson & Clemens Hetschko & Ronnie Schöb, 2020, "Globalization, Time-Preferences, and Populist Voting," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 8466.
• Kozo Ueda & Kota Watanabe & Tsutomu Watanabe, 2020, "Consumer Inventory and the Cost of Living Index: Theory and Some Evidence from Japan," CARF F-Series, Center for Advanced Research in Finance, Faculty of Economics, The University of Tokyo, number CARF-F-491, Aug.
• Ivan Sutoris, 2020, "The Intertemporal Cost of Living and Dynamic Inflation: The Case of the Czech Republic," Working Papers, Czech National Bank, Research and Statistics Department, number 2020/9, Dec.
• Francesco Bogliacino & Sandra Rojas Berrio & Daniel Castellanos G & Julio Cesar Chamorro & David F Forero & Mauricio G�mez Villegas & Andrea del Pilar Gonz�lez Pe�a & Gustavo Junca, 2020, "#21n," Investigaciones y Productos CID, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID, number 18097, Apr.
• Rossi, Pauline & Godard, Mathilde, 2020, "The Old-Age Security Motive for Fertility: Evidence from the Extension of Social Pensions in Namibia," CEPREMAP Working Papers (Docweb), CEPREMAP, number 2002, Feb.
• Krueger, Dirk & Fuchs-Schündeln, Nicola & Ludwig, Alexander & Popova, Irina, 2020, "The Long-Term Distributional and Welfare Effects of Covid-19 School Closures," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 15227, Aug.
• Sørensen, Bent E & Nygaard, Vegard M. & Wang, Fan, 2020, "Optimal allocations to heterogeneous agents with an application to stimulus checks," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 15283, Sep.
• De Nardi, Mariacristina & Fella, Giulio & ,, 2020, "Wage Risk and Government and Spousal Insurance," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 15608, Dec.
• Burkhard Heer & Mark Trede, 2020, "Age-Specific Entrepreneurship and PAYG Public Pensions in Germany," CQE Working Papers, Center for Quantitative Economics (CQE), University of Muenster, number 9120, Jul.
• Raymond Boadi Frempong & David Stadelmann, 2020, "Risk Preference and Child Labour: Econometric Evidence," CREMA Working Paper Series, Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts (CREMA), number 2020-02, Mar.
• Naijia Guo & Charles Ka Yui Leung, 2020, "Do Elite Colleges Matter? The Impact of Elite College Attendance on Entrepreneurship Decisions and Career Dynamics," GRU Working Paper Series, City University of Hong Kong, Department of Economics and Finance, Global Research Unit, number GRU_2020_005, Mar.
• Cipriani, Giam Pietro & Pascucci, Francesco, 2020, "Pension policies in a model with endogenous fertility," Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, Cambridge University Press, volume 19, issue 1, pages 109-125, January.
• Luis Oberrauch & Tim Kaiser, 2020, "Financial Literacy and Intertemporal Arbitrage," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, number 1912.
• Charles Yuji Horioka & Emin Gahramanov & Aziz Hayat & Xueli Tang, 2020, "The Impact of Bequest Motives on Retirement Behavior in Japan: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis," ISER Discussion Paper, Institute of Social and Economic Research, The University of Osaka, number 1073, Jan.
• Charles Yuji Horioka, 2020, "Does the Life Cycle Hypothesis Apply in the Case of Japan?," ISER Discussion Paper, Institute of Social and Economic Research, The University of Osaka, number 1074, Jan.
• Charles Yuji Horioka, 2020, "Does the Selfish Life-Cycle Model Apply in the Case of Japan?," ISER Discussion Paper, Institute of Social and Economic Research, The University of Osaka, number 1084, Mar.
• Luigi Ventura & Charles Yuji Horioka, 2020, "The Wealth Decumulation Behavior of the Retired Elderly in Italy: The Importance of Bequest Motives and Precautionary Saving," ISER Discussion Paper, Institute of Social and Economic Research, The University of Osaka, number 1087, Apr.
• Charles Yuji Horioka, 2020, "Is the Selfish Life-Cycle Model More Applicable in Japan and, If So, Why? A Literature Survey," ISER Discussion Paper, Institute of Social and Economic Research, The University of Osaka, number 1102, Sep.
• Catherine Guirkinger & Gani Aldashev & Alisher Aldashev & Maté Fodor, 2020, "Economic Persistence despite Adverse Policies: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan," Working Papers ECARES, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles, number 2020-39, Sep.
• Zeng, Qiyan & Yu, Xiaohua & Bao, Te, 2020, "Memory utility, food consumption and obesity," China Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 62, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2019.101345.
• Nie, Guangyu, 2020, "Marriage squeeze, marriage age and the household savings rate in China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, volume 147, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2020.102558.
• Shigeta, Yuki, 2020, "Gain/loss asymmetric stochastic differential utility," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 118, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2020.103975.
• Gahramanov, Emin & Hasanov, Rashad & Tang, Xueli, 2020, "Parental involvement and Children's human capital: A tax-subsidy experiment," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 85, issue C, pages 16-29, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2019.05.002.
• Ueda, Kozo, 2020, "Dynamic cost of living index for storable goods," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 189, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2020.109013.
• Quaas, Martin F. & Baumgärtner, Stefan & Drupp, Moritz A. & Meya, Jasper N., 2020, "Intertemporal utility with heterogeneous goods and constant elasticity of substitution," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 191, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2020.109092.
• Strulik, Holger, 2020, "Opioid epidemics," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, volume 37, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2019.100835.
• Zhang, Hongwu & Shi, Xunpeng & Wang, Keying & Xue, Jinjun & Song, Ligang & Sun, Yongping, 2020, "Intertemporal lifestyle changes and carbon emissions: Evidence from a China household survey," Energy Economics, Elsevier, volume 86, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2019.104655.
• Shi, Xunpeng & Wang, Keying & Cheong, Tsun Se & Zhang, Hongwu, 2020, "Prioritizing driving factors of household carbon emissions: An application of the LASSO model with survey data," Energy Economics, Elsevier, volume 92, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104942.
• Zhang, Dongyang & Guo, Rui, 2020, "The consumption response to household leverage in China: The role of investment at household level," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, volume 71, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.irfa.2020.101580.
• Munk, Claus, 2020, "A mean-variance benchmark for household portfolios over the life cycle," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, volume 116, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2020.105833.
• Caliendo, Frank N. & Findley, T. Scott, 2020, "Dynamic Consistency and Regret," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, volume 173, issue C, pages 342-364, DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2019.09.014.
• Begley, Jaclene & Fout, Hamilton & LaCour-Little, Michael & Mota, Nuno, 2020, "Home equity conversion mortgages: The secondary market investor experience," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, volume 47, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhe.2019.03.001.
• Myers, Dowell & Lee, Hyojung & Simmons, Patrick A., 2020, "Cohort insights into recovery of Millennial homeownership after the Great Recession," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, volume 47, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhe.2019.01.004.
• Fisher, Jonathan D. & Johnson, David S. & Smeeding, Timothy M. & Thompson, Jeffrey P., 2020, "Estimating the marginal propensity to consume using the distributions of income, consumption, and wealth," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, volume 65, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmacro.2020.103218.
• Frankovic, Ivan & Kuhn, Michael & Wrzaczek, Stefan, 2020, "Medical innovation and its diffusion: Implications for economic performance and welfare," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, volume 66, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmacro.2020.103262.
• Fehr, Hans & Hofmann, Maurice, 2020, "Tenure choice, portfolio structure and long-term care – Optimal risk management in retirement," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, volume 17, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2020.100240.
• Rodgers, Luke P., 2020, "The impact of paid family leave on household savings," Labour Economics, Elsevier, volume 67, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2020.101921.
• Goodman, Lucas, 2020, "Catching up or crowding out? The crowd-out effects of catch-up retirement contributions on non-retirement saving," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, volume 188, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104221.
• Collins, J. Michael & Hembre, Erik & Urban, Carly, 2020, "Exploring the rise of mortgage borrowing among older Americans," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, volume 83, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2020.103524.
• Phitawat Poonpolkul, 2020, "Age-Dependent Risk Aversion: Re-Evaluating Fiscal Policy Impacts of Population Ageing," CAMA Working Papers, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, number 2020-88, Oct.
• Alessandro Spiganti, 2020, "Inequality of opportunity, inequality of effort, and innovation," Economics Working Papers, European University Institute, number MWP 2020/02.
• Kirill Borissov & Mikhail Pakhnin & Ronald Wendner, 2020, "Naive Agents with Quasi-hyperbolic Discounting and Perfect Foresight," EUSP Department of Economics Working Paper Series, European University at St. Petersburg, Department of Economics, number 2020/03, Aug.
• Marek Sedivy, 2020, "Mortality Shocks and Household Consumption: The Case of Mexico," Working Papers IES, Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Economic Studies, number 2020/22, Aug, revised Aug 2020.
• Mariacristina De Nardi & Giulio Fella & Gonzalo Paz-Pardo, 2020, "Wage Risk and Government and Spousal Insurance," Opportunity and Inclusive Growth Institute Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, number 44, Dec, DOI: 10.21034/iwp.44.
• Adam M. Guren & Alisdair McKay & Emi Nakamura & Jón Steinsson, 2020, "Housing Wealth Effects: The Long View," Staff Report, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, number 593, Jan, DOI: 10.21034/sr.593.
• Sijia Xu & Abu S. Shonchoy & Tomoki Fujii, 2020, "Illusion of Gender Parity in Education: Intrahousehold Resource Allocation in Bangladesh," Working Papers, Florida International University, Department of Economics, number 2012, Dec.
• Lise Clain-Chamosset-Yvrard & Xavier Raurich & Thomas Seegmuller, 2020, "Are the liquidity and collateral roles of asset bubbles different?," Working Papers, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon St-Etienne (GATE Lyon St-Etienne), Université de Lyon, number 2013.
• Julien Albertini & Arthur Poirier & Anthony Terriau, 2020, "The impact of EITC on education, labor market trajectories, and inequalities," Working Papers, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon St-Etienne (GATE Lyon St-Etienne), Université de Lyon, number 2036.
• David E. Bloom & Michael Kuhn & Klaus Prettner, 2020, "Modern Infectious Diseases: Macroeconomic Impacts and Policy Responses," Working Papers, The George Washington University, Institute for International Economic Policy, number 2020-17.
• Lise Clain-Chamosset-Yvrard & Xavier Raurich & Thomas Seegmuller, 2020, "Are the liquidity and collateral roles of asset bubbles different?," Working Papers, HAL, number halshs-02536396, Apr.
• Lise Clain-Chamosset-Yvrard & Xavier Raurich & Thomas Seegmuller, 2020, "Are the liquidity and collateral roles of asset bubbles different?," Working Papers, HAL, number halshs-02538704, Apr.
• Julien Albertini & Arthur Poirier & Anthony Terriau, 2020, "The impact of EITC on education, labor market trajectories, and inequalities," Working Papers, HAL, number halshs-03082382.
• Aronsson, Thomas & Hetschko, Clemens & Schöb, Ronnie, 2020, "Globalization, Time-Preferences, and Populist Voting," Umeå Economic Studies, Umeå University, Department of Economics, number 978, Jul.
• Giovanni Gallipoli & Hamish Low & Aruni Mitra, 2020, "Consumption and Income Inequality across Generations," Working Papers, Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Working Group, number 2020-061, Aug.
• Nicola Fuchs-Schündeln & Dirk Krueger & Alexander Ludwig & Irina Popova, 2020, "The Long-Term Distributional and Welfare Effects of COVID-19 School Closures," Working Papers, Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Working Group, number 2020-062, Aug.
• Mate Rosan & Krunoslav Zauder, 2020, "Which Loans do We Take? A Micro-Level Analysis of Croatian Households’ Debt Participation," Working Papers, The Croatian National Bank, Croatia, number 61, Oct.
• Alessio Romarri, 2020, "Does the internet change attitudes towards immigrants? Evidence from Spain," Working Papers, Institut d'Economia de Barcelona (IEB), number 2020/04.
• Thomas Crossley & Peter Levell & Hamish Low, 2020, "House Price Rises and Borrowing to Invest," IFS Working Papers, Institute for Fiscal Studies, number W20/2, Jan.
• Mr. Ken Miyajima, 2020, "Mobile Phone Ownership and Welfare: Evidence from South Africa’s Household Survey," IMF Working Papers, International Monetary Fund, number 2020/222, Oct.
• Robert A. Becker & Juan Pablo Rincon-Zapatero, 2020, "Recursive Utility and Turnpike Theory for GMM Thompson Aggregators," CAEPR Working Papers, Center for Applied Economics and Policy Research, Department of Economics, Indiana University Bloomington, number 2020-001, Jan.
• Danzer, Alexander M. & Zyska, Lennard, 2020, "Pensions and Fertility: Micro-Economic Evidence," IZA Discussion Papers, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), number 13048, Mar.
• Breig, Zachary & Gibson, Matthew & Shrader, Jeffrey G., 2020, "Why Do We Procrastinate? Present Bias and Optimism," IZA Discussion Papers, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), number 13060, Mar.
• Kim, Seonghoon & Koh, Kanghyock, 2020, "Does Early Access to Pension Wealth Improve Health?," IZA Discussion Papers, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), number 13184, Apr.
• Chiappori, Pierre-André & Gimenez-Nadal, José Ignacio & Molina, José Alberto & Theloudis, Alexandros & Velilla, Jorge, 2020, "Intrahousehold Commitment and Intertemporal Labor Supply," IZA Discussion Papers, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), number 13545, Jul.
• Chowdhury, Shyamal & Smits, Joeri & Sun, Qigang, 2020, "Contract Structure, Time Preference, and Technology Adoption," IZA Discussion Papers, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), number 13590, Aug.
• Bloom, David E. & Kuhn, Michael & Prettner, Klaus, 2020, "Modern Infectious Diseases: Macroeconomic Impacts and Policy Responses," IZA Discussion Papers, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), number 13625, Aug.
• Angelini, Viola & Bertoni, Marco & Weber, Guglielmo, 2020, "The Long-Term Consequences of a Golden Nest," IZA Discussion Papers, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), number 13659, Sep.
• Campo, Francesco & Nunziata, Luca & Rocco, Lorenzo, 2020, "Talking Business: New Evidence on How Language Shapes Economic Behaviour," IZA Discussion Papers, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), number 13897, Nov.
• Md. Hashibul Hassan & Lubna Jebin, 2020, "Impact of Migrants' Remittance on the 'Left-Behind Wives': Evidence from Rural Bangladesh," Journal of Developing Areas, Tennessee State University, College of Business, volume 54, issue 2, pages 127-144, April-Jul.
• Elisabeth Beusch & Arthur Soest, 2020, "Labour Market Trajectories of the Self-employed in the Netherlands," De Economist, Springer, volume 168, issue 1, pages 109-146, March, DOI: 10.1007/s10645-020-09358-x.
• Ivan Frankovic & Michael Kuhn & Stefan Wrzaczek, 2020, "On the Anatomy of Medical Progress Within an Overlapping Generations Economy," De Economist, Springer, volume 168, issue 2, pages 215-257, June, DOI: 10.1007/s10645-020-09360-3.
• Fernando Alexandre & Pedro Bação & Miguel Portela, 2020, "Is the basic life-cycle theory of consumption becoming more relevant? Evidence from Portugal," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, volume 18, issue 1, pages 93-116, March, DOI: 10.1007/s11150-019-09471-0.
• Luigi Ventura & Charles Yuji Horioka, 2020, "The wealth decumulation behavior of the retired elderly in Italy: the importance of bequest motives and precautionary saving," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, volume 18, issue 3, pages 575-597, September, DOI: 10.1007/s11150-020-09486-y.
• Charles Yuji Horioka, 2020, "Does the Selfish Life-Cycle Model Apply in the Case of Japan?," Discussion Paper Series, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University, number DP2020-14, Mar.
• Luigi Ventura & Charles Yuji Horioka, 2020, "The Wealth Decumulation Behavior of the Retired Elderly in Italy: The Importance of Bequest Motives and Precautionary Saving," Discussion Paper Series, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University, number DP2020-16, Apr.
• Charles Yuji Horioka, 2020, "Is the Selfish Life-Cycle Model More Applicable in Japan and, If So, Why? A Literature Survey," Discussion Paper Series, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University, number DP2020-28, Sep.
• Kovács, Levente & Nagy, Ernő, 2020, "Életciklus és törlesztőrészlet. A reálértékben állandó törlesztőrészlet és életciklus-jövedelem alkalmazhatósága a lakáshitelezésben
  [Life cycle and monthly repayments: the application of constant ," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), volume 0, issue 10, pages 1029-1056, DOI: 10.18414/KSZ.2020.10.1029.
• Akira Momota, 2020, "Long Life-span and Optimal Recurrent Education," KIER Working Papers, Kyoto University, Institute of Economic Research, number 1042, Sep.
• Tjeerd de Vries & Alexis Akira Toda, 2021, "Capital and Labor Income Pareto Exponents across Time and Space," LIS Working papers, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg, number 794, Jun.
• Aditya Goenka & Lin Liu & Manh-Hung Nguyen, 2020, "Modeling optimal quarantines under infectious disease related mortality," Working Papers, University of Liverpool, Department of Economics, number 202025, Sep.
• Echenique, Federico & Imai, Taisuke & Saito, Kota, 2020, "Testable Implications of Models of Intertemporal Choice: Exponential Discounting and Its Generalizations," Munich Reprints in Economics, University of Munich, Department of Economics, number 84780.
• Siha Lee, 2023, "Spousal Labor Supply, Caregiving, and the Value of Disability Insurance," Department of Economics Working Papers, McMaster University, number 2020-08, Aug.
• Martin F. Hellwig, 2020, "Dynamic Inefficiency and Fiscal Interventions in an Economy with Land and Transaction Costs," Discussion Paper Series of the Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Economics, Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Economics, number 2020_07, Mar, revised 17 May 2021.
• Tatyana Koreshkova & Minjoon Lee, 2020, "Nursing Homes in Equilibrium: Implications for Long-term Care Policies," Working Papers, University of Michigan, Michigan Retirement Research Center, number wp414, Sep.
• Pirmin Fessler & Martin Schürz, 2021, "Structuring the Analysis of Wealth Inequality Using the Functions of Wealth: A Class-Based Approach," NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, "Measuring Distribution and Mobility of Income and Wealth".
• John Sabelhaus & Alice Henriques Volz, 2020, "Social Security Wealth, Inequality, and Life-Cycle Saving," NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, "Measuring Distribution and Mobility of Income and Wealth".
• Charles Yuji Horioka & Emin Gahramanov & Aziz Hayat & Xueli Tang, 2020, "The Impact of Bequest Motives on Retirement Behavior in Japan: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 26621, Jan.
• Harold L. Cole & Dirk Krueger & George J. Mailath & Yena Park, 2020, "Trust in Risk Sharing: A Double-Edged Sword," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 26667, Jan.
• Jason S. Scott & John B. Shoven & Sita N. Slavov & John G. Watson, 2020, "Can Low Retirement Savings Be Rationalized?," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 26784, Feb.
• Luigi Ventura & Charles Yuji Horioka, 2020, "The Wealth Decumulation Behavior of the Retired Elderly in Italy: The Importance of Bequest Motives and Precautionary Saving," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 26986, Apr.
• John Sabelhaus & Alice Henriques Volz, 2020, "Social Security Wealth, Inequality, and Lifecycle Saving," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27110, May.
• Yongheng Deng & Yang Tang & Ping Wang & Jing Wu, 2020, "Spatial Misallocation in Chinese Housing and Land Markets," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27230, May.
• Erol Akcay & David Hirshleifer, 2020, "Social Finance: Cultural Evolution, Transmission Bias and Market Dynamics," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27745, Aug.
• David E. Bloom & Michael Kuhn & Klaus Prettner, 2020, "Modern Infectious Diseases: Macroeconomic Impacts and Policy Responses," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27757, Aug.
• Nicola Fuchs-Schündeln & Dirk Krueger & Alexander Ludwig & Irina Popova, 2020, "The Long-Term Distributional and Welfare Effects of Covid-19 School Closures," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27773, Sep.
• Elizabeth M. Caucutt & Lance Lochner & Joseph Mullins & Youngmin Park, 2020, "Child Skill Production: Accounting for Parental and Market-Based Time and Goods Investments," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27838, Sep.
• Charles Yuji Horioka, 2020, "Is the Selfish Life-Cycle Model More Applicable in Japan and, If So, Why? A Literature Survey," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27869, Sep.
• Olivia S. Kim & Jonathan A. Parker & Antoinette Schoar, 2020, "Revenue Collapses and the Consumption of Small Business Owners in the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 28151, Nov.
• Carla Varona Cervantes & Russell Cooper, 2020, "Labor Market Implications of Education MisMatch," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 28169, Dec.
• Mariacristina De Nardi & Giulio Fella & Gonzalo Paz-Pardo, 2020, "Wage Risk and Government and Spousal Insurance," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 28294, Dec.
• Jessamyn Schaller & Chase S. Eck, 2020, "Family Support in Hard Times: Dynamics of Intergenerational Exchange after Adverse Events," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 28295, Dec.
• V. Lin & O. Meslin, 2020, "Hausse des prix immobiliers et mesure du niveau de vie," Documents de Travail de l'Insee - INSEE Working Papers, Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques, number g2020-15.
• David Altig & Alan Auerbach & Patrick Higgins & Darryl Koehler & Laurence Kotlikoff & Ellyn Terry & Victor Ye, 2020, "Did the 2017 Tax Reform Discriminate against Blue-State Voters?," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association;National Tax Journal, volume 73, issue 4, pages 1087-1108, December, DOI: 10.17310/ntj.2020.4.08.
• Kadir Atalay & Garry F Barrett & Rebecca Edwards & Chaoran Yu, 2020, "House Price Shocks, Credit Constraints and Household Indebtedness," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, volume 72, issue 3, pages 780-803.
• Michael Carlos Best & James S Cloyne & Ethan Ilzetzki & Henrik J Kleven, 2020, "Estimating the Elasticity of Intertemporal Substitution Using Mortgage Notches," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, volume 87, issue 2, pages 656-690.
• Servaas van Bilsen & Ilja A Boelaars & A. Lans Bovenberg, 2020, "The Duration Puzzle in Life-Cycle Investment," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, volume 24, issue 6, pages 1271-1311.
• Bronson S Argyle & Taylor D Nadauld & Christopher J Palmer & Itay Goldstein, 2020, "Monthly Payment Targeting and the Demand for Maturity," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, volume 33, issue 11, pages 5416-5462.
• Nicola Fuchs-Schundeln & Dirk Krueger & Alexander Ludwig & Irina Popova, 2020, "The Long-Term Distributional and Welfare E?ects of Covid-19 School Closures," PIER Working Paper Archive, Penn Institute for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania, number 20-032, Aug.
• Nobuhiro Kiyotaki & Alexander Michaelides & Kalin Nikolov, 2020, "Housing, Distribution and Welfare," Working Papers, Princeton University. Economics Department., number 2020-52, Apr.
• António R. Antunes & Valerio Ercolani, 2020, "Intergenerational wealth inequality: the role of demographics," Working Papers, Banco de Portugal, Economics and Research Department, number w202009.
• Nuttaporn Rochanahastin & Shinawat Horayangkura, 2020, "Eliciting Individual Discount Rates in Thailand: A Tale of Two Cities," PIER Discussion Papers, Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research, number 145, Dec.
• Bertrand Achou, 2020, "Housing in Medicaid: Should it Really Change?," Cahiers de recherche / Working Papers, Institut sur la retraite et l'épargne / Retirement and Savings Institute, number 3.
• Saverio M. Fratini, 2020, "Interest, profit and saving in Arrow-Debreu equilibrium models," Departmental Working Papers of Economics - University 'Roma Tre', Department of Economics - University Roma Tre, number 0254, Jun.
• Claudio Daminato & Mario Padula, 2020, "The Life-Cycle Effects of Pension Reforms: A Structural Approach," CSEF Working Papers, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy, number 585, Oct.
• Çağaçan DEĞER & Elif ERER, 2020, "Social Security Membership and Saving: The Turkish Case," Sosyoekonomi Journal, Sosyoekonomi Society, issue 28(43).
• Giorgio Consigli & Vittorio Moriggia & Sebastiano Vitali, 2020, "Long-term individual financial planning under stochastic dominance constraints," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, volume 292, issue 2, pages 973-1000, September, DOI: 10.1007/s10479-019-03253-8.
• Andreas Hein & Maximilian Schreieck & Tobias Riasanow & David Soto Setzke & Manuel Wiesche & Markus Böhm & Helmut Krcmar, 2020, "Digital platform ecosystems," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, volume 30, issue 1, pages 87-98, March, DOI: 10.1007/s12525-019-00377-4.
• Sánchez Serrano, Antonio & Peltonen, Tuomas, 2020, "Pension schemes in the European Union: challenges and implications from macroeconomic and financial stability perspectives," ESRB Occasional Paper Series, European Systemic Risk Board, number 17, Jul.
• Dilnoza Muslimova & Hans van Kippersluis & Cornelius A. Rietveld & Stephanie von Hinke & S. Fleur W. Meddens, 2020, "Dynamic complementarity in skill production: Evidence from genetic endowments and birth order," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 20-082/V, Dec.
• Juergen Jung, 2020, "Estimating Transition Probabilities Between Health States Using U.S. Longitudinal Survey Data," Working Papers, Towson University, Department of Economics, number 2020-06, Nov, revised Jun 2021.
• Goenka, Aditya & Liu, Lin & Nguyen, Manh-Hung, 2020, "Modeling optimal quarantines under infectious disease related mortality," TSE Working Papers, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), number 20-1136, Aug.
• Goenka, Aditya & Liu, Lin & Nguyen, Manh-Hung, 2020, "SIR Economic Epidemiological Models with Disease Induced Mortality," TSE Working Papers, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), number 20-1150, Oct.
• Fabio C. Bagliano & Carolina Fugazza & Giovanna Nicodano, 2020, "Life-Cycle Welfare Losses from Rules-of-Thumb Asset Allocation," Working papers, Department of Economics, Social Studies, Applied Mathematics and Statistics (Dipartimento di Scienze Economico-Sociali e Matematico-Statistiche), University of Torino, number 068, Sep.
• Elizabeth Caucutt & Lance Lochner & Joseph Mullins & Youngmin Park, 2020, "Child Skill Production: Accounting for Parental and Market-Based Time and Goods Investments," University of Western Ontario, Centre for Human Capital and Productivity (CHCP) Working Papers, University of Western Ontario, Centre for Human Capital and Productivity (CHCP), number 20204.
• Enrico Bellino, 2020, "A New Solution to an Old Problem: a Temporary Equilibrium Version of the Ramsey Model," Rivista Internazionale di Scienze Sociali, Vita e Pensiero, Pubblicazioni dell'Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, volume 128, issue 3, pages 285-300.
• Foltyn-Zarychta Monika, 2020, "The Dilemmas of Public Vs. Private Goods Discounting for Long-Term Investment Appraisal: The Puzzle of Citizen and Consumer Approaches to Valuation," Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia, Sciendo, volume 20, issue 2, pages 114-133, December, DOI: 10.2478/foli-2020-0039.
• Cwynar Andrzej, 2020, "Financial Literacy, Behaviour and Well-Being of Millennials in Poland Compared to Previous Generations: The Insights from Three Large-Scale Surveys," Review of Economic Perspectives, Sciendo, volume 20, issue 3, pages 289-335, September, DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2020-0015.
• Annamaria Lusardi & Olivia S. Mitchell & Noemi Oggero, 2020, "Debt and Financial Vulnerability on the Verge of Retirement," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, volume 52, issue 5, pages 1005-1034, August, DOI: 10.1111/jmcb.12671.
• Scott Fulford & Scott Schuh, 2020, "Credit Cards, Credit Utilization, and Consumption," Working Papers, Department of Economics, West Virginia University, number 19-07, Dec.
• Werthschulte, Madeline, 2020, ""Pay-later" vs. "pay-as-you-go": Experimental evidence on present-biased overconsumption and the importance of timing," CAWM Discussion Papers, University of Münster, Münster Center for Economic Policy (MEP), number 121.
• Rau, Holger A., 2020, "Time preferences in decisions for others," University of Göttingen Working Papers in Economics, University of Goettingen, Department of Economics, number 395.
• Lee, Siha, 2020, "Household responses to disability shocks: Spousal labor supply, caregiving, and disability insurance," CLEF Working Paper Series, Canadian Labour Economics Forum (CLEF), University of Waterloo, number 21.
• Aydın, Deniz, 2021, "Consumption Response to Credit Expansions: Evidence from Experimental Assignment of 45,307 Credit Lines," EconStor Preprints, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, number 222359.
• Oberrauch, Luis & Kaiser, Tim, 2020, "Financial Literacy and Intertemporal Arbitrage," EconStor Preprints, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, number 225642.
• Chowdhury, Shyamal & Smits, Joeri & Sun, Qigang, 2020, "Contract structure, time preference, and technology adoption," GLO Discussion Paper Series, Global Labor Organization (GLO), number 633.
• Fuchs-Schündeln, Nicola & Krueger, Dirk & Ludwig, Alexander & Popova, Irina, 2020, "The long-term distributional and welfare effects of Covid-19 school closures," SAFE Working Paper Series, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE, number 290, DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3696313.
• Kotsogiannis, Christos & Schwager, Robert, 2020, "Quasi-hyperbolic discounting and externalities: Can government intervention improve wefare?," VfS Annual Conference 2020 (Virtual Conference): Gender Economics, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association, number 224593.
• Fuchs-Schündeln, Nicola & Krueger, Dirk & Ludwig, Alexander & Popova, Irina, 2020, "The long-term distributional and welfare effects of Covid-19 school closures," ZEW Discussion Papers, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, number 20-045.
• Werthschulte, Madeline, 2020, ""Pay-later" vs. "pay-as-you-go": Experimental evidence on present-biased overconsumption and the importance of timing," ZEW Discussion Papers, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, number 20-089.

2019

• John Gathergood & Neale Mahoney & Neil Stewart & Jörg Weber, 2019, "How Do Individuals Repay Their Debt? The Balance-Matching Heuristic," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, volume 109, issue 3, pages 844-875, March.
• Olivier De Groote & Frank Verboven, 2019, "Subsidies and Time Discounting in New Technology Adoption: Evidence from Solar Photovoltaic Systems," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, volume 109, issue 6, pages 2137-2172, June.
• Itzik Fadlon & Torben Heien Nielsen, 2019, "Family Health Behaviors," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, volume 109, issue 9, pages 3162-3191, September.
• Marek Kapička & Julian Neira, 2019, "Optimal Taxation with Risky Human Capital," American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, volume 11, issue 4, pages 271-309, October.
• Claus Thustrup Kreiner & David Dreyer Lassen & Søren Leth-Petersen, 2019, "Liquidity Constraint Tightness and Consumer Responses to Fiscal Stimulus Policy," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, volume 11, issue 1, pages 351-379, February.
• Jeffrey R. Campbell & Zvi Hercowitz, 2019, "Liquidity Constraints of the Middle Class," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, volume 11, issue 3, pages 130-155, August.
• James Banks & Richard Blundell & Peter Levell & James P. Smith, 2019, "Life-Cycle Consumption Patterns at Older Ages in the United States and the United Kingdom: Can Medical Expenditures Explain the Difference?," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, volume 11, issue 3, pages 27-54, August.