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Merle G. Holden

Personal Details

First Name:Merle
Middle Name:G.
Last Name:Holden
Suffix:
RePEc Short-ID:pho471
[This author has chosen not to make the email address public]

Affiliation

Economic Research Southern Africa (ERSA)

Cape Town, South Africa
http://www.econrsa.org/
RePEc:edi:ersacza (more details at EDIRC)

Research output

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Jump to: Working papers Articles

Working papers

  1. Steven F. Koch, 2015. "User Fee Abolition in South Africa: 1994 and 1996," Working Papers 19, Economic Research Southern Africa.
  2. Carolyn Jenkins & Michael Bleaney & Merle Holden, 1996. "Trade liberalisation in sub-Saharan Africa: case study of South Africa," CSAE Working Paper Series 1996-06, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.

Articles

  1. Josue Mbonigaba & Merle Holden, 2009. "Nominal and real effective exchange rates for Southern African Development Community countries over the period 1980-2004: implications for the expansion of the Common Monetary Area," Development Southern Africa, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(2), pages 241-254.
  2. Merle Holden, 2005. "Trade Liberalisation In South Africa Once Again," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 73(4), pages 776-784, December.
  3. Merle Holden, 2005. "The Economics Of Import Parity Pricing: A Pedagogical Note," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 73(3), pages 357-362, September.
  4. Merle Holden & Daniela Casale, 2002. "Endogenous Protection In A Trade Liberalizing Economy: The Case Of South Africa," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 20(4), pages 479-489, October.
  5. Merle Holden, 2002. "Antidumping: A Reaction To Trade Liberalisation Or Anti‐Competitive?," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 70(5), pages 912-931, June.
  6. J Thurlow & Merle Holden, 2002. "The Impact of the Eu‐Sa Free Trade Agreement on Selected Comesa Countries," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 70(2), pages 133-144, March.
  7. Merle Holden, 2001. "Trade policy in a liberalizing economy," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 13(6), pages 711-723.
  8. Merle Holden, 2001. "Effective Protection Revisited: How Useful A Policy Tool For South Africa?," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 69(4), pages 659-673, December.
  9. Merle Holden, 2000. "Openness, the Terms of Trade and Trade Policy in Natural Resource Economies," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 68(2), pages 125-131, June.
  10. Merle Holden & Alan Isemonger, 1999. "A review of trade trends: South Africa and the Indian Ocean Rim," Development Southern Africa, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(1), pages 89-105.
  11. Merle Holden, 1998. "Southern African Economic Integration," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(4), pages 457-469, June.
  12. Merle Holden, 1993. "Lessons for South Africa from the New Growth and Trade Theories," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 61(4), pages 262-270, December.
  13. Merle Holden, 1992. "Trade Reform: Finding the Right Road*(1)," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 60(3), pages 149-156, September.
  14. Merle Holden, 1991. "Real Exchange Rates and their Measurement," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 59(1), pages 1-8, March.
  15. M.G. Holden, 1990. "Costs of Decentralisation: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 58(2), pages 129-135, June.
  16. Merle Holden, 1989. "A Comparative Analysis of Structural Imbalance in the Face of a Debt Crisis," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 57(1), pages 15-24, March.
  17. Merle Holden, 1989. "Unemployment in a Sector Specific Trade Model in the Presence of Economic Sanctions," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 57(2), pages 88-91, June.
  18. Merle Holden, 1986. "Notes and Comments: A Note on Purchasing Power Parity in South Africa," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 54(3), pages 211-216, September.
  19. M. G. Holden & P. Holden*, 1985. "Alternative Measures of Exchange Rates and Exchange Rate Policy in South Africa," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 53(4), pages 226-234, December.
  20. Merle Holden, 1983. "Empirical Tests of the Heckscher – Ohlin Model for South Africa – A Reappraisal of the Methodology," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 51(2), pages 161-167, June.
  21. Merle Holden & Paul Holden, 1981. "The Employment Effects of Different Trade Regimes in South Africa," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 49(3), pages 151-156, September.
  22. Holden, Paul & Holden, Merle & Suss, Esther C, 1979. "The Determinants of Exchange Rate Flexibility: An Empirical Investigation," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 61(3), pages 327-333, August.
  23. Merle Holden & Paul Holden, 1979. "Factor Substitution and the Calculation of Effective Tariff Rates: Reply," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 47(2), pages 138-139, June.
  24. Holden, Merle & Holden, Paul, 1978. "Effective Tariff Protection and Resource Allocation: A Non-Parametric Approach," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 60(2), pages 294-300, May.
  25. M. Holden & P. Holden, 1978. "Factor Substitution and the Calculation of Effective Tariff Rates," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 46(3), pages 152-158, September.
  26. Merle Holden & Paul Holden, 1975. "Notes and Comments An Intertemporal Calculation of Effective Rates of Protection for South Africa1," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 43(3), pages 223-229, September.

Citations

Many of the citations below have been collected in an experimental project, CitEc, where a more detailed citation analysis can be found. These are citations from works listed in RePEc that could be analyzed mechanically. So far, only a minority of all works could be analyzed. See under "Corrections" how you can help improve the citation analysis.

Working papers

  1. Carolyn Jenkins & Michael Bleaney & Merle Holden, 1996. "Trade liberalisation in sub-Saharan Africa: case study of South Africa," CSAE Working Paper Series 1996-06, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.

    Cited by:

    1. Lawrence Edwards & Robert Lawrence, 2006. "South African Trade Policy Matters: Trade Performance & Trade Policy," CID Working Papers 135, Center for International Development at Harvard University.
    2. MALEFANE , Malefa Rose & ODHIAMBO, Nicholas M., 2018. "Impact of Trade Openness on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from South Africa," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 71(4), pages 387-416.

Articles

  1. Merle Holden, 2005. "Trade Liberalisation In South Africa Once Again," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 73(4), pages 776-784, December.

    Cited by:

    1. Warner Soontiens, 2003. "The Relevance of Non-tariff Barriers to Regional Trade: Experiences of South African Exporters," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 4(1), pages 1-13, February.
    2. Andreas Freytag & Krige Siebrits, 2023. "Replacing Customs Revenue with Taxes on Income and Domestic Consumption: The South African Experience," CESifo Working Paper Series 10698, CESifo.
    3. Foroutan, Faezeh, 1998. "Does membership in a regional preferential trade arrangement make a country more or less protectionist?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1898, The World Bank.

  2. Merle Holden & Daniela Casale, 2002. "Endogenous Protection In A Trade Liberalizing Economy: The Case Of South Africa," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 20(4), pages 479-489, October.

    Cited by:

    1. Lawrence Edwards & Robert Lawrence, 2008. "SACU Tariff Policies: Where Should They Go From Here?," Growth Lab Working Papers 14d, Harvard's Growth Lab.
    2. Chad P. Bown, 2011. "The Great Recession and Import Protection : The Role of Temporary Trade Barriers," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 16359.
    3. Merle Holden, 2001. "Trade policy in a liberalizing economy," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 13(6), pages 711-723.

  3. Merle Holden, 2002. "Antidumping: A Reaction To Trade Liberalisation Or Anti‐Competitive?," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 70(5), pages 912-931, June.

    Cited by:

    1. Bown, Chad P., 2005. "Global antidumping database version 1.0," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3737, The World Bank.
    2. Chad P. Bown, 2011. "The Great Recession and Import Protection : The Role of Temporary Trade Barriers," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 16359.

  4. J Thurlow & Merle Holden, 2002. "The Impact of the Eu‐Sa Free Trade Agreement on Selected Comesa Countries," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 70(2), pages 133-144, March.

    Cited by:

    1. Osman, Rehab Osman Mohamed, 2012. "The EU Economic Partnership Agreements with Southern Africa: a computable general equilibrium analysis," Economics PhD Theses 0412, Department of Economics, University of Sussex Business School.
    2. Tinashe Kapuya & Ferdinand H Meyer & Johann F Kirsten, 2013. "Modelling the impact of the ‘fast track’ land reform policy on Zimbabwe's maize sector," Development Southern Africa, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(3), pages 417-436, September.

  5. Merle Holden, 2001. "Trade policy in a liberalizing economy," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 13(6), pages 711-723.

    Cited by:

    1. Brigit Joseph & K.J. Joseph, 2005. "Commercial Agriculture in Kerala after the WTO," South Asia Economic Journal, Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, vol. 6(1), pages 37-57, March.

  6. Merle Holden, 1998. "Southern African Economic Integration," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(4), pages 457-469, June.

    Cited by:

    1. HM Sandberg & TL Martin, 2001. "Trade Relationships And Economic Development," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 69(3), pages 405-435, September.
    2. Merle Holden, 2001. "Trade policy in a liberalizing economy," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 13(6), pages 711-723.

  7. Merle Holden, 1993. "Lessons for South Africa from the New Growth and Trade Theories," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 61(4), pages 262-270, December.

    Cited by:

    1. Logan Rangasamy, 2009. "Exports and economic growth: The case of South Africa," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 21(5), pages 603-617.
    2. Mainardi, Stefano, 1995. "Mineral resources and growth : Toward a long-term convergence?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 21(3), pages 155-168, September.
    3. Ross D. Weiner & Trevor Roxo & Mitchell Kellman, 2008. "South Africa's Manufactured International Trade in the Post-Sanctions Epoch: Patterns and Potentials," The American Economist, Sage Publications, vol. 52(1), pages 86-95, March.

  8. Merle Holden, 1992. "Trade Reform: Finding the Right Road*(1)," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 60(3), pages 149-156, September.

    Cited by:

    1. Scott McDonald & Terrie Walmsley, 2008. "Bilateral Free Trade Agreements and Customs Unions: The Impact of the EU Republic of South Africa Free Trade Agreement on Botswana," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(8), pages 993-1029, August.
    2. Janine Aron & John Muellbauer, 2007. "Inflation dynamics and trade openness: with an application to South Africa," CSAE Working Paper Series 2007-11, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.

  9. Merle Holden, 1991. "Real Exchange Rates and their Measurement," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 59(1), pages 1-8, March.

    Cited by:

    1. Kopano Matšaseng, 2008. "Price Flexibility In The Common Monetary Area," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 76(2), pages 176-188, June.
    2. Turan Subasat, 2008. "Exchange Rate Policies: Fact or Fiction in the Rise of High Performance Asian Economies," Working Papers 0802, Izmir University of Economics.

  10. M. G. Holden & P. Holden*, 1985. "Alternative Measures of Exchange Rates and Exchange Rate Policy in South Africa," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 53(4), pages 226-234, December.

    Cited by:

    1. P. D. F. Strydom, 1987. "South Africa in World Trade," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 55(3), pages 132-142, September.

  11. Holden, Paul & Holden, Merle & Suss, Esther C, 1979. "The Determinants of Exchange Rate Flexibility: An Empirical Investigation," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 61(3), pages 327-333, August.

    Cited by:

    1. von Hagen, Jurgen & Zhou, Jizhong, 2008. "Fear of Floating and Pegging: A Simultaneous Choice Model of De Jure and De Facto Exchange Rate Regimes," CEPR Discussion Papers 7006, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    2. Weymark, Diana N, 1997. "Measuring the degree of exchange market intervention in a small open economy," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 16(1), pages 55-79, February.
    3. Frank Agbola & Chartri Kunanopparat, 2005. "Determinants of exchange rate practices: some empirical evidence from Thailand," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(7), pages 807-816.
    4. Cheng Hsiao & Siyan Wang, 2005. "Should China Let Her Exchange Rate Float? — the Experience of Developing Countries," Economic Growth Centre Working Paper Series 0509, Nanyang Technological University, School of Social Sciences, Economic Growth Centre.
    5. Fegheh Majidi , Ali, 2014. "Determinants of the Choice of Exchange Rate Regimes in OIC Countries," Journal of Money and Economy, Monetary and Banking Research Institute, Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, vol. 9(3), pages 85-118, April.
    6. Meissner, C.M. & Oomes, N., 2006. "Why Do Countries Peg the Way They Peg? The Determinants of Anchor Currency Choice," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 0643, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    7. Kato, Isamu & Uctum, Merih, 2008. "Choice of exchange rate regime and currency zones," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 436-456.
    8. Yohane Khamfula, 1998. "Influence of social learning on exchange rate policy in developing countries:a preliminary finding," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(5), pages 697-704.
    9. Levy Yeyati, Eduardo & Sturzenegger, Federico & Reggio, Iliana, 2010. "On the endogeneity of exchange rate regimes," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 54(5), pages 659-677, July.
    10. Barry Eichengreen & Raul Razo‐Garcia, 2013. "How Reliable Are De Facto Exchange Rate Regime Classifications?," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 18(3), pages 216-239, July.
    11. Ms. Hélène Poirson, 2001. "How Do Countries Choose their Exchange Rate Regime?," IMF Working Papers 2001/046, International Monetary Fund.
    12. Merih Uctum & Isamu Kato, 2004. "FIxed, Float or Intermediate? A Cross-COuntry Time Series Analysis Of Exchange Rate Regimes," Econometric Society 2004 North American Winter Meetings 291, Econometric Society.
    13. von Hagen, Jurgen & Zhou, Jizhong, 2006. "Fear of Floating and Fear of Pegging: An Empirical Analysis of De Facto Exchange Rate Regimes in Developing Countries," CEPR Discussion Papers 5530, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    14. Mr. Gonzalo C Pastor Campos & Ms. Tatiana Damjanovic, 2001. "The Russian Financial Crisis and its Consequences for Central Asia," IMF Working Papers 2001/169, International Monetary Fund.
    15. von Hagen, Jürgen & Zhou, Jizhong, 2004. "The choice of exchange rate regimes in developing countries: A mulitnominal panal analysis," ZEI Working Papers B 32-2004, University of Bonn, ZEI - Center for European Integration Studies.
    16. Honkapohja, Seppo & Pikkarainen, Pentti, 1992. "Country characteristics and the choice of the exchange rate regime: are mini-skirts followed by maxis?," Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 36/1992, Bank of Finland.
    17. Lars Einar Legernes & Erling Vardal, 2000. "From Fixers to Floaters: An Empirical Analysis of the Decline in Fixed Exchange Rate Regimes 1973-1995," Econometric Society World Congress 2000 Contributed Papers 1754, Econometric Society.
    18. von Hagen, Jurgen & Zhou, Jizhong, 2005. "De facto and official exchange rate regimes in transition economies," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 256-275, June.
    19. von Hagen, Jurgen & Zhou, Jizhong, 2002. "The Choice of Exchange Rate Regimes: An Empirical Analysis for Transition Economies," CEPR Discussion Papers 3289, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    20. Chien Nan Wang, 1990. "On the choice of the exchange-rate regimes," Working Papers (Old Series) 9002, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.
    21. Gaetano D’Adamo & Riccardo Rovelli, 2013. "The role of the Exchange Rate Regime in the process of Real and Nominal Convergence," Working Papers 1314, Department of Applied Economics II, Universidad de Valencia.
    22. Klein, Michael W. & Marion, Nancy P., 1997. "Explaining the duration of exchange-rate pegs," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(2), pages 387-404, December.
    23. Cruz Rodriguez, Alexis, 2009. "Choosing and assessing exchange rate regimes: A survey of the literature," MPRA Paper 16314, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    24. Liu, Xiaohui & Zhang, Jing, 2015. "Export diversification and exchange-rate regimes: Evidences from 72 developing countries," MPRA Paper 66448, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    25. Hiro Ito & Masahiro Kawai, 2014. "Determinants of the Trilemma Policy Combination," Macroeconomics Working Papers 23967, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.
    26. Josue Mbonigaba & Merle Holden, 2009. "Nominal and real effective exchange rates for Southern African Development Community countries over the period 1980-2004: implications for the expansion of the Common Monetary Area," Development Southern Africa, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(2), pages 241-254.
    27. Mehmet Guclu, 2008. "The Determinants of Exchange Rate Regimes in Emerging Market Economies," Working Papers 0806, Ege University, Department of Economics.
    28. Sahar Bahmani, 2013. "Exchange rate volatility and demand for money in less developed countries," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 37(3), pages 442-452, July.
    29. Mohammad Tarequl Hasan Chowdhury & Prasad Sankar Bhattacharya & Debdulal Mallick & Mehmet Ali Ulubaşoğlu, 2015. "Persistence, Capital Account Openness, and Financial Sector Health in Exchange Rate Regime Choice," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 91(294), pages 279-299, September.
    30. Graham Bird & Alex Mandilaras & Helen Popper, 2012. "Explaining Shifts in Exchange Rate Regimes," School of Economics Discussion Papers 1312, School of Economics, University of Surrey.
    31. Rizzo, Jean-Marc, 1998. "The economic determinants of the choice of an exchange rate regime: a probit analysis," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 59(3), pages 283-287, June.
    32. Wang, P.J., 2013. "A driver currency hypothesis," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 118(1), pages 60-62.
    33. von Hagen, Jurgen & Zhou, Jizhong, 2004. "The Choice of Exchange Rate Regime in Developing Countries: A Multinational Panel Analysis," CEPR Discussion Papers 4227, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    34. Mr. Paolo Mauro & Miss Grace Juhn, 2002. "Long-Run Determinants of Exchange Rate Regimes: A Simple Sensitivity Analysis," IMF Working Papers 2002/104, International Monetary Fund.
    35. Mr. Robin Brooks & Mr. Kenneth Rogoff & Mr. Ashoka Mody & Nienke Oomes & Mr. Aasim M. Husain, 2004. "Evolution and Performance of Exchange Rate Regimes," IMF Occasional Papers 2004/004, International Monetary Fund.
    36. Xiaohui Liu & Conglai Fan, 2010. "The model and empirical estimation of the optimal flexibility of RMB exchange-rate regime: A study based on the price-stabilization," Frontiers of Economics in China, Springer;Higher Education Press, vol. 5(2), pages 187-209, June.
    37. BEN ALI Mohamed Sami, 2006. "Capital Account Liberalization And Exchange Rate Regime Choice, What Scope For Flexibility In Tunisia?," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series wp815, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan.
    38. Jebeniani, Jihene & Trabelsi, Jamel, 2022. "Effects of the business cycle on real exchange rate misalignments with respect to exchange rate regimes," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 92-102.
    39. M. G. Holden & P. Holden*, 1985. "Alternative Measures of Exchange Rates and Exchange Rate Policy in South Africa," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 53(4), pages 226-234, December.
    40. Ponomarev, Yuriy (Пономарев, Юрий) & Rey, Aleksey (Рей, Алексей) & Radchenko, Darya (Радченко, Дарья), 2018. "Investigation of the Relationship between the Intensity of International Trade and the Volatility of Paired Exchange Rates of the Russian Federation and its Trading Partners [Исследование Взаимосвя," Working Papers 061823, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.
    41. Mohamed Sfia, 2011. "The choice of exchange rate regimes in the MENA countries: a probit analysis," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 8(3), pages 275-305, September.
    42. Anja Shortland, 2004. "The Role of Politics and Institutions in LDC Currency Devaluations," Discussion Papers in Economics 04/30, Division of Economics, School of Business, University of Leicester.
    43. Dominique Pepin & Daniel Goyeau & Jacques Léonard, 2005. "Régimes monétaires et processus d'intégration financière régionale des marchés émergents," Post-Print hal-00965063, HAL.
    44. Sfia Daly, 2007. "The Choice of Exchange Rate Regimes in the MENA Countries: a Probit Analysis," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series wp899, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan.
    45. Zhang, Zhichao, 2001. "Choosing an exchange rate regime during economic transition: The case of China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 12(2-3), pages 203-226.
    46. Christian Aubin & Jean-Pierre Berdot & Daniel Goyeau & Jacques Léonard, 2006. "Investissements directs américains et européens dans les PECOs. Quel rôle des effets de change ?," Revue économique, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 57(4), pages 771-792.

  12. Holden, Merle & Holden, Paul, 1978. "Effective Tariff Protection and Resource Allocation: A Non-Parametric Approach," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 60(2), pages 294-300, May.

    Cited by:

    1. Merle Holden, 2005. "Trade Liberalisation In South Africa Once Again," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 73(4), pages 776-784, December.

  13. M. Holden & P. Holden, 1978. "Factor Substitution and the Calculation of Effective Tariff Rates," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 46(3), pages 152-158, September.

    Cited by:

    1. Merle Holden, 2001. "Effective Protection Revisited: How Useful A Policy Tool For South Africa?," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 69(4), pages 659-673, December.
    2. Janine Aron & John Muellbauer, 2007. "Inflation dynamics and trade openness: with an application to South Africa," CSAE Working Paper Series 2007-11, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.

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