IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ris/ecoint/0833.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impact of Trade Openness on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from South Africa

Author

Listed:
  • MALEFANE , Malefa Rose

    (Department of Economics, University of South Africa, UNISA, Pretoria, South Africa)

  • ODHIAMBO, Nicholas M.

    (Department of Economics, University of South Africa, UNISA, Pretoria, South Africa)

Abstract

This paper examines the impact of trade openness on economic growth in South Africa. The study employs the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to investigate the dynamic impact of trade openness on economic growth. Unlike some previous studies, the current study uses four proxies of trade openness, with each proxy addressing a different aspect of trade openness. The first proxy of trade openness is derived from the ratio of trade to gross domestic product (GDP). The second proxy is the ratio of exports to GDP, while the third proxy is the ratio of imports to GDP. The last proxy is an index of trade openness, which captures the effects of residual openness, resulting from taking the country’s size and geography into account. Based on the long run empirical results, this study finds that trade openness has a positive and significant impact on economic growth when the ratio of total trade to GDP is used as a proxy, but not when the three other proxies are employed. However, in the short-run, when the first three proxies of openness are used, the study finds trade openness to have a positive impact on economic growth, but not so when the trade openness index is employed. These results, therefore, suggest that the promotion of policies that support international trade is relevant in the South African economy. L’impatto dell’apertura commerciale sulla crescita: evidenze empiriche dal Sud Africa Questa ricerca esamina l’impatto dell’apertura commerciale sulla crescita in Sud Africa utilizzando il test ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag). A differenza di studi precedenti, il presente lavoro utilizza quattro indici di apertura commerciale, ciascuno dei quali ne rappresenta un aspetto diverso. Il primo si ottiene dal rapporto commercio/PIL. Il secondo è rappresentato dal rapporto esportazioni/PIL, il terzo dal rapporto importazioni/PIL. L’ultimo è un indice di apertura commerciale che esprime gli effetti dell’apertura residuale ottenuta considerando la dimensione e le caratteristiche geografiche del paese. Sulla base di risultati empirici di lungo periodo questo studio rileva che l’apertura commerciale ha un effetto positivo significativo sulla crescita quando si utilizza l’indice ottenuto dal rapporto commercio totale/PIL, mentre tale effetto non emerge quando sono utilizzati gli altri tre indici. I risultati dello studio evidenziano che, nel breve periodo, se si utilizzano i primi tre indici risulta un impatto positivo sulla crescita, mentre ciò non si verifica quando viene impiegato il quarto indice.

Suggested Citation

  • MALEFANE , Malefa Rose & ODHIAMBO, Nicholas M., 2018. "Impact of Trade Openness on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from South Africa," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 71(4), pages 387-416.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:ecoint:0833
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.iei1946.it/upload/rivista_articoli/allegati/240_malefaneodhiambofinal.pdf
    File Function: Full text
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Romain Wacziarg & Karen Horn Welch, 2008. "Trade Liberalization and Growth: New Evidence," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 22(2), pages 187-231, June.
    2. Yanikkaya, Halit, 2003. "Trade openness and economic growth: a cross-country empirical investigation," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(1), pages 57-89, October.
    3. Logan Rangasamy, 2009. "Exports and economic growth: The case of South Africa," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 21(5), pages 603-617.
    4. Mr. Dhaneshwar Ghura & Mr. Michael T. Hadjimichael, 1995. "Public Policies and Private Savings and Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Empirical Investigation," IMF Working Papers 1995/019, International Monetary Fund.
    5. Paul R. Krugman, 1994. "Introduction to "Empirical Studies of Strategic Trade Policy"," NBER Chapters, in: Empirical Studies of Strategic Trade Policy, pages 1-10, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Sheilla Nyasha & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2015. "The Impact of Banks and Stock Market Development on Economic Growth in South Africa: an ARDL-bounds Testing Approach," Contemporary Economics, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw., vol. 9(1), March.
    7. David H. Romer & Jeffrey A. Frankel, 1999. "Does Trade Cause Growth?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 89(3), pages 379-399, June.
    8. Havrylyshyn, Oli, 1990. "Trade Policy and Productivity Gains in Developing Countries: A Survey of the Literature," The World Bank Research Observer, World Bank, vol. 5(1), pages 1-24, January.
    9. M. Hashem Pesaran & Yongcheol Shin & Richard J. Smith, 2001. "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 289-326.
    10. World Bank, 2017. "World Development Indicators 2017," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 26447.
    11. Gries, Thomas & Kraft, Manfred & Meierrieks, Daniel, 2009. "Linkages Between Financial Deepening, Trade Openness, and Economic Development: Causality Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 37(12), pages 1849-1860, December.
    12. Tuck Cheong Tang, 2008. "Aggregate Import Demand Function for Japan: A Cointegration Re-investigation," Global Economic Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(3), pages 363-377.
    13. World Bank, 2016. "World Development Indicators 2016," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 23969.
    14. Karras, Georgios, 2003. "Trade Openness And Economic Growth Can We Estimate The Precise Effect?," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 3(1).
    15. Seghezza, Elena & Baldwin, Richard E., 2008. "Testing for Trade-Induced Investment-Led Growth," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 61(2-3), pages 507-537.
    16. Paul Krugman & Alasdair Smith, 1994. "Empirical Studies of Strategic Trade Policy," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number krug94-1.
    17. Atul Dar & Sal Amirkhalkhali, 2003. "On the impact of trade openness on growth: further evidence from OECD countries," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(16), pages 1761-1766.
    18. Eriṣ, Mehmet N. & Ulaṣan, Bülent, 2013. "Trade openness and economic growth: Bayesian model averaging estimate of cross-country growth regressions," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 867-883.
    19. Perron, Pierre, 1997. "Further evidence on breaking trend functions in macroeconomic variables," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 80(2), pages 355-385, October.
    20. Ching-Cheng Chang & Michael Mendy, 2012. "Economic growth and openness in Africa: What is the empirical relationship?," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(18), pages 1903-1907, December.
    21. Mushtaq Klasra, 2011. "Foreign direct investment, trade openness and economic growth in pakistan and turkey: an investigation using bounds test," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 45(1), pages 223-231, January.
    22. Menyah, Kojo & Nazlioglu, Saban & Wolde-Rufael, Yemane, 2014. "Financial development, trade openness and economic growth in African countries: New insights from a panel causality approach," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 386-394.
    23. Hansen, B.E., 1990. "A Powerful, Simple Test For Cointegration Using Cochrane- Orcutt," RCER Working Papers 230, University of Rochester - Center for Economic Research (RCER).
    24. D. Hodge, 2006. "Inflation and growth in South Africa," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 30(2), pages 163-180, March.
    25. Krueger, Anne O, 1998. "Why Trade Liberalisation Is Good for Growth," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 108(450), pages 1513-1522, September.
    26. Carolyn Jenkins, 1995. "Trade liberalisation in Sub-Saharan Africa: case study of South Africa," Economics Series Working Papers WPS/1996-06, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    27. Krugman, Paul R, 1981. "Intraindustry Specialization and the Gains from Trade," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 89(5), pages 959-973, October.
    28. Manoel Bittencourt & Reneé Eyden & Monaheng Seleteng, 2015. "Inflation and Economic Growth: Evidence from the Southern African Development Community," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 83(3), pages 411-424, September.
    29. Carolyn Jenkins & Michael Bleaney & Merle Holden, 1996. "Trade liberalisation in sub-Saharan Africa: case study of South Africa," CSAE Working Paper Series 1996-06, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.
    30. B. Bhaskara Rao & Maheshwar Rao, 2009. "Openness and growth in Fiji: some time series evidence," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(13), pages 1653-1662.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Farahane, Matias Jaime & Heshmati, Almas, 2020. "Trade and Economic Growth: Theories and Evidence from the Southern African Development Community," IZA Discussion Papers 13679, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Muhammad Tariq Majeed & Maria Mazhar, 2021. "Managing economic growth through tourism: Does volatility of tourism matter?," DECISION: Official Journal of the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, Springer;Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, vol. 48(1), pages 49-69, March.
    3. Umer Jeelanie Banday & Ranjan Aneja, 2024. "Macroeconomic Stability, Openness, and Economic Growth Nexus: an Insight from BRICS Countries," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(2), pages 5965-5979, June.
    4. Iti Vyas, 2020. "Whether the Economic Growth of India is Trade Openness Led?," Eurasian Journal of Economics and Finance, Eurasian Publications, vol. 8(1), pages 38-53.
    5. Kunofiwa Tsaurai, 2021. "Determinants of Trade Openness in Transitional Economies: Does the Complementarity between Foreign Direct Investment and Human Capital Development Matter?," International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), vol. 0(1), pages 318-330.
    6. Biyase, Mduduzi & Malesa, Mokgadi, 2019. "Life Expectancy and Economic Growth: Evidence from the Southern African Development Community," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 72(3), pages 351-366.
    7. Nadia Ben Yedder & Malek El Weriemmi & Sayef Bakari, 2023. "The Impact of Domestic Investment and Trade on Economic Growth in North Africa Countries: New Evidence from Panel CS-ARDL Model," EuroEconomica, Danubius University of Galati, issue 2(42), pages 22-41, November.
    8. Kudakwashe, Chinyanganya & Regret, Sunge, 2021. "Growth Effects of Foreign Direct Investments in Zimbabwe: Do Sources Matter?," African Journal of Economic Review, African Journal of Economic Review, vol. 9(4), September.
    9. Fereira, Semertesides Bitica & Cateia, Júlio Vicente, 2023. "Trade reform, infrastructure investment, and structural transformation in Africa: Evidence from Guinea-Bissau," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    10. Santos Bila & Mduduzi Biyase & Matias Farahane & Thomas Udimal, 2023. "Foreign Aid And Economic Growth In Sub-Saharan African Countries," Economics Working Papers edwrg-03-2023, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, revised 2023.
    11. Hlalefang Khobai & Clement Moyo, 2021. "Trade openness and industry performance in SADC countries: is the manufacturing sector different?," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 18(1), pages 105-126, February.
    12. Lawrence MASHIMBYE & Ashenafi Beyene FANTA, 2021. "Trade Openness And Economic Growth In Mozambique," Regional and Sectoral Economic Studies, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 21(2), pages 37-52.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Malefane, Malefa R & Odhiambo, Nicholas M, 2018. "Trade openness and economic growth: empirical evidence from Lesotho," Working Papers 23787, University of South Africa, Department of Economics.
    2. Malefa R. Malefane & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2021. "Trade Openness and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Lesotho," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 22(5), pages 1103-1119, October.
    3. Yaya Keho, 2017. "The impact of trade openness on economic growth: The case of Cote d’Ivoire," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(1), pages 1332820-133, January.
    4. Kumar, Ronald Ravinesh & Stauvermann, Peter Josef & Loganathan, Nanthakumar & Kumar, Radika Devi, 2015. "Exploring the role of energy, trade and financial development in explaining economic growth in South Africa: A revisit," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1300-1311.
    5. Shahbaz, Muhammad, 2012. "Does trade openness affect long run growth? Cointegration, causality and forecast error variance decomposition tests for Pakistan," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 29(6), pages 2325-2339.
    6. Malefane, Malefa R & Odhiambo, Nicholas M, 2018. "Does trade openness spur economic growth in Botswana? An empirical investigation," Working Papers 23777, University of South Africa, Department of Economics.
    7. Eléazar Zerbo, 2015. "What determines the long-run growth in Sub-Saharan Africa? Exploring the role of energy, trade openness and financial development in six countries," Working Papers hal-01238524, HAL.
    8. Apergis, Nicholas & Poufinas, Thomas, 2020. "The role of insurance growth in economic growth: Fresh evidence from a panel of OECD countries," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    9. Hakimi, Abdelaziz & Hamdi, Helmi, 2016. "Trade liberalization, FDI inflows, environmental quality and economic growth: A comparative analysis between Tunisia and Morocco," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 1445-1456.
    10. Ampofo, Gideon Kwaku Minua & Cheng, Jinhua & Asante, Daniel Akwasi & Bosah, Philip, 2020. "Total natural resource rents, trade openness and economic growth in the top mineral-rich countries: New evidence from nonlinear and asymmetric analysis," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    11. Adedoyin Isola Lawal & Tony I. Nwanji & Abiola Asaleye & Victor Ahmed, 2016. "Economic growth, financial development and trade openness in Nigeria: An application of the ARDL bound testing approach," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 4(1), pages 1258810-125, December.
    12. Cosmas S. Mbogela, 2019. "An Empirical Examination on Trade Openness and Economic Growth Nexus in Africa," Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, Asian Online Journal Publishing Group, vol. 6(1), pages 1-15.
    13. S G Dastidar & N Apergis, 2022. "Do Remittances Promote Economic Growth? New Evidence from India," Economic Issues Journal Articles, Economic Issues, vol. 27(1), pages 11-37, March.
    14. Imen Mohamed Sghaier, 2023. "Trade openness, financial development and economic growth in North African countries," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(2), pages 1729-1740, April.
    15. Claudius Gräbner & Philipp Heimberger & Jakob Kapeller & Florian Springholz, 2018. "Measuring Economic Openness," wiiw Working Papers 157, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
    16. Kali, Raja & Reyes, Javier & McGee, Joshua & Shirrell, Stuart, 2013. "Growth networks," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 216-227.
    17. Hlalefang Khobai & Nwabisa Kolisi & Clement Moyo, 2018. "The Relationship Between Trade Openness and Economic Growth: The Case of Ghana and Nigeria," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 8(1), pages 77-82.
    18. Nahed Zghidi & Zouheir Abida, 2014. "Financial Development, Trade Openness and Economic Growth in North African Countries," Romanian Economic Journal, Department of International Business and Economics from the Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, vol. 17(53), pages 91-120, September.
    19. Hongzhong Fan & Md Ismail Hossain, 2018. "Technological Innovation, Trade Openness, CO2 Emission and Economic Growth: Comparative Analysis between China and India," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 8(6), pages 240-257.
    20. Eléazar Zerbo, 2017. "Energy consumption and economic growth in Sub-Saharan African countries: Further evidence," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 37(3), pages 1720-1744.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ARDL; Economic Growth; Exports; Imports; South Africa; Trade Openness;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C13 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Estimation: General
    • F43 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Economic Growth of Open Economies

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ris:ecoint:0833. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Angela Procopio (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/cacogit.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.