IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/zbw/fubjbm/149032.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Exit strategies of loyalty programs

Author

Listed:
  • Rehnen, Lena Marie

Abstract

Loyalty programs are a widespread marketing tool whose contribution to a company's economic success is still being questioned. From a marketing relationship perspective, they cannot be terminated easily and their elimination has to be reasoned. This qualitative study examines why companies end their loyalty programs and how their termination is processed. In five different cases that I present, results reveal that conflicts with partners and unfavorable cost-benefit ratios are determinants of the program terminations. Customer information and regulatory issues on reward validation characterize the process of withdrawal. The exit strategy "phase out slowly" is adopted most commonly.

Suggested Citation

  • Rehnen, Lena Marie, 2016. "Exit strategies of loyalty programs," jbm - Journal of Business Market Management, Free University Berlin, Marketing Department, vol. 9(1), pages 564-596.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:fubjbm:149032
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/149032/1/866562346.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Demoulin, Nathalie T.M. & Zidda, Pietro, 2009. "Drivers of Customers’ Adoption and Adoption Timing of a New Loyalty Card in the Grocery Retail Market," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 85(3), pages 391-405.
    2. Mary E. Deily, 1991. "Exit Strategies and Plant-Closing Decisions: The Case of Steel," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 22(2), pages 250-263, Summer.
    3. Mata, Jose & Portugal, Pedro & Guimaraes, Paulo, 1995. "The survival of new plants: Start-up conditions and post-entry evolution," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 13(4), pages 459-481, December.
    4. Pekka Ilmakunnas & Jukka Topi, 1999. "Microeconomic and Macroeconomic Influences on Entry and Exit of Firms," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 15(3), pages 283-301, November.
    5. Kopalle Praveen K & Neslin Scott A, 2003. "The Economic Viability of Frequency Reward Programs in a Strategic Competitive Environment," Review of Marketing Science, De Gruyter, vol. 1(1), pages 1-41, August.
    6. Matilda Dorotic & Dennis Fok & Peter Verhoef & Tammo Bijmolt, 2011. "Do vendors benefit from promotions in a multi-vendor loyalty program?," Marketing Letters, Springer, vol. 22(4), pages 341-356, November.
    7. Mark De Reuver & Harry Bouwman & Timber Haaker, 2013. "Business Model Roadmapping: A Practical Approach To Come From An Existing To A Desired Business Model," International Journal of Innovation Management (ijim), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 17(01), pages 1-18.
    8. Jeffrey Campbell, 1998. "Entry, Exit, Embodied Technology, and Business Cycles," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 1(2), pages 371-408, April.
    9. Bing Guo & Yun Lou & David Pérez‐Castrillo, 2015. "Investment, Duration, and Exit Strategies for Corporate and Independent Venture Capital‐Backed Start‐Ups," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(2), pages 415-455, June.
    10. David Ansic & Geoffrey Pugh, 1999. "An experimental test of trade hysteresis: market exit and entry decisions in the presence of sunk costs and exchange rate uncertainty," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(4), pages 427-436.
    11. Jerker Denrell & James G. March, 2001. "Adaptation as Information Restriction: The Hot Stove Effect," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 12(5), pages 523-538, October.
    12. V. Kumar & Werner Reinartz, 2018. "Customer Relationship Management," Springer Texts in Business and Economics, Springer, edition 3, number 978-3-662-55381-7, December.
    13. Rajiv Lal & David Bell, 2003. "The Impact of Frequent Shopper Programs in Grocery Retailing," Quantitative Marketing and Economics (QME), Springer, vol. 1(2), pages 179-202, June.
    14. Warren Boeker & Jerry Goodstein & John Stephan & Johann Peter Murmann, 1997. "Competition in a Multimarket Environment: The Case of Market Exit," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 8(2), pages 126-142, April.
    15. Schumann, Jan H. & Wünderlich, Nancy V. & Evanschitzky, Heiner, 2014. "Spillover Effects of Service Failures in Coalition Loyalty Programs: The Buffering Effect of Special Treatment Benefits," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 90(1), pages 111-118.
    16. DeTienne, Dawn R. & McKelvie, Alexander & Chandler, Gaylen N., 2015. "Making sense of entrepreneurial exit strategies: A typology and test," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 30(2), pages 255-272.
    17. Donald D. Bergh & Richard A. Johnson & Rocki‐Lee Dewitt, 2008. "Restructuring through spin‐off or sell‐off: transforming information asymmetries into financial gain," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(2), pages 133-148, February.
    18. Vibha Gaba & Ann Terlaak, 2013. "Decomposing Uncertainty and Its Effects on Imitation in Firm Exit Decisions," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 24(6), pages 1847-1869, December.
    19. Leenheer, Jorna & Bijmolt, Tammo H.A., 2008. "Which retailers adopt a loyalty program? An empirical study," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 15(6), pages 429-442.
    20. van Kranenburg, Hans & Palm, Franz C. & Pfann, Gerard A., 2002. "Survival in a Concentrating Industry: The Case of Daily Newspapers in the Netherlands," IZA Discussion Papers 565, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    21. Sea Jin Chang & Harbir Singh, 1999. "The impact of modes of entry and resource fit on modes of exit by multibusiness firms," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(11), pages 1019-1035, November.
    22. Kopalle Praveen K & Neslin Scott A, 2003. "The Economic Viability of Frequency Reward Programs in a Strategic Competitive Environment," Review of Marketing Science, De Gruyter, vol. 1(1), pages 1-41, August.
    23. Sven Fürth & Christian Rauch, 2015. "Fare Thee Well? An Analysis of Buyout Funds’ Exit Strategies," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 44(4), pages 811-849, October.
    24. H. Van Kranenburg & F. Palm & G. Pfann, 2002. "Exit and Survival in a Concentrating Industry: The Case of Daily Newspapers in the Netherlands," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 21(3), pages 283-303, November.
    25. Clement K. Wang & Valerie Y.L. Sim, 2001. "Exit strategies of venture capital-backed companies in Singapore," Venture Capital, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 3(4), pages 337-358, October.
    26. Daniel W. Elfenbein & Anne Marie Knott, 2015. "Time to exit: Rational, behavioral, and organizational delays," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(7), pages 957-975, July.
    27. Amit Pazgal & David Soberman & Raphael Thomadsen, 2013. "Profit-Increasing Consumer Exit," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 32(6), pages 998-1008, November.
    28. Richard Disney & Jonathan Haskel & Ylva Heden, 2003. "Entry, Exit and Establishment Survival in UK Manufacturing," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(1), pages 91-112, March.
    29. Günter J. Hitsch, 2006. "An Empirical Model of Optimal Dynamic Product Launch and Exit Under Demand Uncertainty," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 25(1), pages 25-50, 01-02.
    30. Annetta Fortune & Will Mitchell, 2012. "Unpacking Firm Exit at the Firm and Industry Levels: The Adaptation and Selection of Firm Capabilities," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(7), pages 794-819, July.
    31. Jain, Prem C, 1985. "The Effect of Voluntary Sell-off Announcements on Shareholder Wealth," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 40(1), pages 209-224, March.
    32. Odekerken-Schröder, Gaby & Hennig-Thurau, Thorsten & Knaevelsrud, Anne Berit, 2010. "Exploring the post-termination stage of consumer–brand relationships: An empirical investigation of the premium car market," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 86(4), pages 372-385.
    33. Steven M. Shugan, 2005. "Brand Loyalty Programs: Are They Shams?," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 24(2), pages 185-193.
    34. Francesco Bova & Miguel Minutti†Meza & Gordon Richardson & Dushyantkumar Vyas, 2014. "The Sarbanes†Oxley Act and Exit Strategies of Private Firms," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(3), pages 818-850, September.
    35. Siddharth S. Singh & Dipak C. Jain & Trichy V. Krishnan, 2008. "Research Note--Customer Loyalty Programs: Are They Profitable?," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 54(6), pages 1205-1211, June.
    36. Wolfgang Bessler & Andreas Kurth, 2007. "Agency Problems and the Performance of Venture-backed IPOs in Germany: Exit Strategies, Lock-up Periods, and Bank Ownership," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(1), pages 29-63.
    37. Hopenhayn, Hugo A, 1992. "Entry, Exit, and Firm Dynamics in Long Run Equilibrium," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 60(5), pages 1127-1150, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Alex Belli & Anne-Maree O’Rourke & François A. Carrillat & Ljubomir Pupovac & Valentyna Melnyk & Ekaterina Napolova, 2022. "40 years of loyalty programs: how effective are they? Generalizations from a meta-analysis," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 50(1), pages 147-173, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bombaij, Nick, 2021. "Effectiveness of loyalty programs," Other publications TiSEM 095c506d-5b5c-4ea3-9b41-a, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    2. Bombaij, Nick J.F. & Dekimpe, Marnik G., 2020. "When do loyalty programs work? The moderating role of design, retailer-strategy, and country characteristics," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 175-195.
    3. Chen, Yanyan & Mandler, Timo & Meyer-Waarden, Lars, 2021. "Three decades of research on loyalty programs: A literature review and future research agenda," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 179-197.
    4. Richard I.D. Harris & Qian Cher Li, "undated". "Export-market dynamics and the probability of firm closure: Evidence for the UK," Working Papers 2008_17, Business School - Economics, University of Glasgow.
    5. Elena Cefis & Cristina Bettinelli & Alex Coad & Orietta Marsili, 2022. "Understanding firm exit: a systematic literature review," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 59(2), pages 423-446, August.
    6. Lin, Chen & Bowman, Douglas, 2022. "The impact of introducing a customer loyalty program on category sales and profitability," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    7. Dongyoub Shin & Sunhyuk Kim & Kiwon Jung, 2016. "Intended rationality in exit decisions: The organizational field of rivals as a source of signal in segment exit decisions by Korean SI ventures, 2000–2006," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 41(2), pages 398-421, May.
    8. Richard I. D. Harris & Qian Cher Li, 2010. "Export‐Market Dynamics And The Probability Of Firm Closure: Evidence For The United Kingdom," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 57(2), pages 145-168, May.
    9. Daniel Fackler & Claus Schnabel & Joachim Wagner, 2013. "Establishment exits in Germany: the role of size and age," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 41(3), pages 683-700, October.
    10. Faramarzi, Ashkan & Bhattacharya, Abhi, 2021. "The economic worth of loyalty programs: An event study analysis," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 313-323.
    11. Geurts, Karen & Van Biesebroeck, Johannes, 2016. "Firm creation and post-entry dynamics of de novo entrants," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 59-104.
    12. Guidi, Francesco & Solomon, Edna & Trushin, Eshref & Ugur, Mehmet, 2015. "Inverted-U relationship between innovation and survival: Evidence from firm-level UK data," EconStor Preprints 110896, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    13. Michele Cincera, 2004. "Impact of market entry and exit on EU productivity and growth performance," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/921, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    14. Riadh Ben Jelili, "undated". "Firm Heterogeneity and Productivity: The Contribution of Microdata," API-Working Paper Series 1013, Arab Planning Institute - Kuwait, Information Center.
    15. Stefan Buehler & Christian Kaiser & Franz Jaeger, 2007. "On the Geographic and Cultural Determinants of Bankruptcy," SOI - Working Papers 0701, Socioeconomic Institute - University of Zurich, revised Jun 2007.
    16. Guimarães Barbosa, Evaldo, 2016. "External determinants of small business survival – The overwhelming impact of GDP and other environmental factors and a new proposed framework," MPRA Paper 73346, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Els Breugelmans & Tammo Bijmolt & Jie Zhang & Leonardo Basso & Matilda Dorotic & Praveen Kopalle & Alec Minnema & Willem Mijnlieff & Nancy Wünderlich, 2015. "Advancing research on loyalty programs: a future research agenda," Marketing Letters, Springer, vol. 26(2), pages 127-139, June.
    18. Harald Strotmann, 2007. "Entrepreneurial Survival," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 28(1), pages 87-104, January.
    19. Andrew B Bernard & J. Bradford Jensen, 2007. "Firm Structure, Multinationals, and Manufacturing Plant Deaths," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 89(2), pages 193-204, May.
    20. Sarah Bridges & Alessandra Guariglia, 2008. "Financial Constraints, Global Engagement, And Firm Survival In The United Kingdom: Evidence From Micro Data," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 55(4), pages 444-464, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:zbw:fubjbm:149032. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://jbm-online.net/index.php/jbm/index .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.