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Post‐secondary attendance by parental income in the U.S. and Canada: Do financial aid policies explain the differences?

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  • Philippe Belley
  • Marc Frenette
  • Lance Lochner

Abstract

We examine the extent to which tuition and needs‐based aid policies explain important differences in the relationship between family income and post‐secondary attendance relationships between Canada and the U.S. Using data from recent cohorts, we estimate substantially smaller attendance gaps by parental income in Canada relative to the U.S., even after controlling for family background, cognitive achievement, and local‐residence fixed effects. We next document that U.S. public tuition and financial aid policies are actually more generous to low‐income youth than are Canadian policies. Equalizing these policies across Canada and the U.S. would likely lead to a greater difference in income‐attendance gradients. Nous étudions les frais de scolarité et l'aide financière afin d'expliquer d'importantes différences entre le Canada et les États‐Unis quant à la relation entre le revenu parental et la fréquentation des études postsecondaires. Nous trouvons que les écarts entre les taux de fréquentation des jeunes adultes de différents niveaux de revenu familial sont considérablement plus faibles au Canada qu'aux États‐Unis, et ce, même en tenant compte des acquis cognitifs, des effets fixes résidentiels, et d'autres caractéristiques familiales. Nous documentons aussi le fait que l'aide financière aux étudiants de famille à bas revenus est beaucoup plus généreuse aux États‐Unis qu'au Canada. S'ils avaient les mêmes politiques d'aide financière, les différences entre les États‐Unis et le Canada quant à la relation entre le revenu parental et les études postsecondaires seraient plus prononcées.

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  • Philippe Belley & Marc Frenette & Lance Lochner, 2014. "Post‐secondary attendance by parental income in the U.S. and Canada: Do financial aid policies explain the differences?," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 47(2), pages 664-696, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:47:y:2014:i:2:p:664-696
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12088
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Michael J. Kottelenberg & Steven F. Lehrer, 2019. "How Skills and Parental Valuation of Education Influence Human Capital Acquisition and Early Labor Market Return to Human Capital in Canada," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 37(S2), pages 735-778.
    3. Jo Blanden & Matthias Doepke & Jan Stuhler, 2022. "Education inequality," CEP Discussion Papers dp1849, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
    4. Rauh, Christopher, 2017. "Voting, education, and the Great Gatsby Curve," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 1-14.
    5. Youngmin Park, 2018. "Inequality in Parental Transfers, Borrowing Constraints, and Optimal Higher Education Subsidies," 2018 Meeting Papers 623, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    6. Christian Belzil, 2018. "Évaluation de la valeur économique de l’aide financière pour l’éducation supérieure au Québec et en Ontario," CIRANO Project Reports 2018rp-08, CIRANO.
    7. Watson, Barry & Kong, Nancy & Phipps, Shelley, 2022. "Dreaming of a Brighter Future? The Impact of Economic Vulnerability on University Aspirations," IZA Discussion Papers 15539, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    8. Alvaro Mezza & Daniel R. Ringo & Shane M. Sherlund & Kamila Sommer, 2016. "Student Loans and Homeownership," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2016-10, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    9. Renée, Laëtitia, 2022. "The long-term effects of financial aid and career education: Evidence from a randomized experiment," CLEF Working Paper Series 46, Canadian Labour Economics Forum (CLEF), University of Waterloo.
    10. Anita Minh & Ute Bültmann & Sijmen A. Reijneveld & Sander K. R. van Zon & Christopher B. McLeod, 2021. "Depressive Symptom Trajectories and Early Adult Education and Employment: Comparing Longitudinal Cohorts in Canada and the United States," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-12, April.
    11. Rod Missaghian, 2021. "Social Capital and Post-Secondary Decision-Making Alignment for Low-Income Students," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-18, March.
    12. Xinxin Ma & Shi Li, 2017. "The Effects of Minimum Wage on Wage Distribution in Urban China: Evidence from the CHIP Data," University of Western Ontario, Centre for Human Capital and Productivity (CHCP) Working Papers 201724, University of Western Ontario, Centre for Human Capital and Productivity (CHCP).
    13. Jin Song & Terry Sicular & Bjorn Gustafsson, 2017. "China's Urban Gender Wage Gap: A New Direction?," University of Western Ontario, Centre for Human Capital and Productivity (CHCP) Working Papers 201723, University of Western Ontario, Centre for Human Capital and Productivity (CHCP).
    14. Alessandrini, Diana & Milla, Joniada, 2021. "Minimum Wage Effects on Human Capital Accumulation: Evidence from Canadian Data," IZA Discussion Papers 14178, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    15. Alvaro Mezza & Daniel R. Ringo & Kamila Sommer, 2021. "Student Loans, Access to Credit and Consumer Financial Behavior," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2021-050, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • I22 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Educational Finance; Financial Aid
    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

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