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Hétérogénéité dans les rendements de l’éducation au Cameroun : une estimation en présence des biais de sélection et d’endogénéité

Author

Listed:
  • Issofou NJIFEN

    (Université de Yaoundé II – Cameroun)

  • Aicha PEMBOURA

    (Université de Yaoundé II – Cameroun)

Abstract

Cet article se propose d’évaluer l’hétérogénéité dans le rendement de l'éducation à partir d’une méthodologie adaptée. La simple estimation du modèle semi-logarithmique de Min-cer est biaisée en raison des problèmes de sélection et d’endogénéité. Dans la littérature, il existe très peu d’études qui corrigent les deux sources de biais simultanément. Nous esti-mons ici une seule fonction de gain corrigeant de manière simultanée le biais de sélection de l’échantillon et le biais d’endogénéité de l’éducation et du choix du secteur d’emploi. Cette approche, adoptée dans le cadre de la régression en moyenne et par quantile, se révèle pertinente au regard de la robustesse des instruments utilisés. Dans ce cadre, nous utilisons un nouveau type d’instruments, le non-self-cluster mean satisfaisant les condi-tions d’orthogonalité et d’exclusion. En utilisant dans le cas du Cameroun les données statistiques sur l’emploi et le secteur informel, les résultats révèlent que le taux de ren-dement moyen d’une année d’éducation est de 7,1% et que l’hétérogénéité inobservée influence négativement le rendement de l’éducation. L’estimation par quantile indique que la variable éducation influence les gains salariaux différemment selon les différents quantiles considérés. Le test d’égalité des coefficients réalisé permet de confirmer le carac-tère hétérogène du rendement de l’éducation au Cameroun. Plus spécifiquement, l’éducation n’est pas rentable chez les salariés à très faible revenu et les salariés relative-ment les mieux payés profitent le plus de leur investissement dans l’éducation.

Suggested Citation

  • Issofou NJIFEN & Aicha PEMBOURA, 2020. "Hétérogénéité dans les rendements de l’éducation au Cameroun : une estimation en présence des biais de sélection et d’endogénéité," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 52, pages 105-126.
  • Handle: RePEc:tou:journl:v:52:y:2020:p:105-126
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Rendements de l’éducation ; Biais d’endogénéité ; Termes de sélection ; Variables instrumentales ; Régression quantile ; Cameroun;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I26 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Returns to Education
    • J20 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - General
    • J30 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - General

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