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Multiple job holding, local labor markets, and the business cycle

Author

Listed:
  • Barry T. Hirsch

    (Georgia State University
    IZA)

  • Muhammad M. Husain

    (Georgia State University)

  • John V. Winters

    (IZA
    Oklahoma State University)

Abstract

About 5 % of US workers hold multiple jobs, which can exacerbate or mitigate employment changes over the business cycle. Theory is ambiguous and prior literature is not fully conclusive. We examine the relationship between multiple job holding and local unemployment rates using a large Current Population Survey data set of workers in urban labor markets during 1998–2013. Labor markets with high unemployment have moderately lower rates of multiple job holding. Yet no relationship between multiple job holding and unemployment is found within markets over time, with near-zero estimates being precisely estimated. Multiple job holding is largely acyclic. JEL Classification: J21

Suggested Citation

  • Barry T. Hirsch & Muhammad M. Husain & John V. Winters, 2016. "Multiple job holding, local labor markets, and the business cycle," IZA Journal of Labor Economics, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 5(1), pages 1-29, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:izalbr:v:5:y:2016:i:1:d:10.1186_s40172-016-0044-x
    DOI: 10.1186/s40172-016-0044-x
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    3. Renna Francesco & Oaxaca Ronald L. & Choe Chung, 2023. "Is There a Business Cycle Effect on the Incidence of Dual Job Holding?," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 23(2), pages 443-465, April.
    4. Ziyuan Meng & Ping Tang & Hui Wang, 2023. "Influence of Individual Skill Variety on Side-Hustle Intention: The Mediating Effect of Role Breadth Self-Efficacy and the Moderating Role of Side-Hustle Meaningfulness," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-14, January.
    5. Auray, Stéphane & Fuller, David L. & Vandenbroucke, Guillaume, 2021. "Comparative advantage and moonlighting," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    6. Wieteke Conen & Jonas Stein, 2021. "A panel study of the consequences of multiple jobholding: enrichment and depletion effects," Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, , vol. 27(2), pages 219-236, May.
    7. Etienne Lalé, 2019. "Search and Multiple Jobholding," Upjohn Working Papers 19-305, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
    8. John M. Abowd & Kevin L. McKinney & Nellie L. Zhao, 2018. "Earnings Inequality and Mobility Trends in the United States: Nationally Representative Estimates from Longitudinally Linked Employer-Employee Data," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 36(S1), pages 183-300.
    9. Compton, Andrew, 2019. "A Search Theoretic Model of Part-Time Employment and Multiple Job Holdings," MPRA Paper 97003, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Balza, Lenin H. & De Los Rios, Camilo & Guerra, Alfredo & Herrera-Prada, Luis Omar & Manzano, Osmel, 2023. "Unraveling the network of extractive industries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
    11. Hlouskova, Jaroslava & Tsigaris, Panagiotis, 2020. "A behavioral economic approach to multiple job holdings with leisure," IHS Working Paper Series 23, Institute for Advanced Studies.
    12. Conen, Wieteke, 2020. "Multiple jobholding in Europe: Structure and dynamics," WSI Studies 20, The Institute of Economic and Social Research (WSI), Hans Böckler Foundation.
    13. Konstantinos Pouliakas & Wieteke S. Conen, 2023. "Multiple job-holding: Career pathway or dire straits?," IZA World of Labor, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), pages 3562-3562, December.
    14. Barry T. Hirsch & Muhammad M. Husain & John V. Winters, 2017. "The Puzzling Pattern of Multiple Job Holding across U.S. Labor Markets," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 84(1), pages 26-51, July.
    15. Lalé, Etienne, 2016. "The Evolution of Multiple Jobholding in the U.S. Labor Market: The Complete Picture of Gross Worker Flows," IZA Discussion Papers 10355, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    16. Olena Kostyshyna & Etienne Lalé, 2022. "On the evolution of multiple jobholding in Canada," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 55(2), pages 1095-1134, May.
    17. Mohamed Mousa & Monowar Mahmood, 2023. "Mental Illness of Management Educators: Does Holding Multiple Academic Jobs Play a Role? A Qualitative Study," Public Organization Review, Springer, vol. 23(2), pages 647-665, June.
    18. Hirsch, Barry & Husain, Muhammad M. & Winters, John V., 2016. "The Puzzling Fixity of Multiple Job Holding across Regions and Labor Markets," IZA Discussion Papers 9631, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    19. Anna Ilsøe & Trine P. Larsen & Emma S. Bach, 2021. "Multiple jobholding in the digital platform economy: signs of segmentation," Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, , vol. 27(2), pages 201-218, May.
    20. Paul Glavin, 2020. "Multiple jobs? The prevalence, intensity and determinants of multiple jobholding in Canada," The Economic and Labour Relations Review, , vol. 31(3), pages 383-402, September.
    21. Agnieszka Piasna & Marcello Pedaci & Jan Czarzasty, 2021. "Multiple jobholding in Europe: features and effects of primary job quality," Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, , vol. 27(2), pages 181-199, May.
    22. Sachiko KURODA & Koichiro ONISHI, 2023. "Exploring the Gig Economy in Japan: A bank data-driven analysis of food delivery gig workers," Discussion papers 23025, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    23. Lawrence F. Katz & Alan B. Krueger, 2019. "Understanding Trends in Alternative Work Arrangements in the United States," NBER Working Papers 25425, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Multiple jobs; Local labor markets; Business cycle;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure

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