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Moonlighting Trends and Related Policy Issues in Canada and the United States

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  • Jean Kimmel
  • Lisa M. Powell

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed Canada-United States cross-country comparison of moonlighting trends and to assess the possible underlying causes of such trends. The statistics show that both countries have experienced strong increases in moonlighting rates for women, never-married individuals, young persons, and service workers, while university-educated persons consistently have maintained high rates. United States' moonlighters remain more likely to combine a full-time job with a part-time job, while Canadians are increasingly becoming holders of multiple part-time jobs. We examine the degree to which changes in moonlighting rates are driven by labour force compositional effects, labour supply-side factors, and labour demand-side factors. Labour market policy recommendations are made with respect to welfare-to-work transitions and child care, payroll taxes, and non-wage benefits.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean Kimmel & Lisa M. Powell, 1999. "Moonlighting Trends and Related Policy Issues in Canada and the United States," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 25(2), pages 207-231, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:cpp:issued:v:25:y:1999:i:2:p:207-231
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Timothy B. Folta & Frédéric Delmar & Karl Wennberg, 2010. "Hybrid Entrepreneurship," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 56(2), pages 253-269, February.
    2. Etienne Lale, 2022. "Search and Multiple Jobholding," Working Papers 22-07, Chair in macroeconomics and forecasting, University of Quebec in Montreal's School of Management.
    3. Schulz, Matthias & Urbig, Diemo & Procher, Vivien, 2016. "Hybrid entrepreneurship and public policy: The case of firm entry deregulation," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 272-286.
    4. Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina & Kimmel, Jean, 2005. "Moonlighting Behavior over the Business Cycle," IZA Discussion Papers 1671, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    5. Olena Kostyshyna & Etienne Lalé, 2022. "On the evolution of multiple jobholding in Canada," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 55(2), pages 1095-1134, May.
    6. Helen Robinson & Jonathan Wadsworth, 2007. "Impact Of The Minimum Wage On The Incidence Of Second Job Holding In Britain," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 54(4), pages 553-574, September.
    7. Alisa Tazhitdinova, 2022. "Increasing Hours Worked: Moonlighting Responses to a Large Tax Reform," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 14(1), pages 473-500, February.
    8. Sabine Raeder, 2018. "Psychological Contracts of Multiple Jobholders: A Multilevel Analysis," SAGE Open, , vol. 8(2), pages 21582440187, May.
    9. Esther T Maas & Mieke Koehoorn & Christopher B McLeod, 2018. "Return-to-work for multiple jobholders with a work-related musculoskeletal disorder: A population-based, matched cohort in British Columbia," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(4), pages 1-21, April.
    10. Barry T. Hirsch & Muhammad M. Husain & John V. Winters, 2016. "Multiple job holding, local labor markets, and the business cycle," IZA Journal of Labor Economics, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 5(1), pages 1-29, December.
    11. Terence C. Cheng & Guyonne Kalb & Anthony Scott, 2018. "Public, private or both? Analyzing factors influencing the labour supply of medical specialists," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 51(2), pages 660-692, May.
    12. Parvinder Hira-Friesen, 2018. "Immigrants and Precarious Work in Canada: Trends, 2006–2012," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 35-57, February.
    13. Georgios A. Panos & Konstantinos Pouliakas & Alexandros Zangelidis, 2014. "Multiple Job Holding, Skill Diversification, and Mobility," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(2), pages 223-272, April.
    14. Gregory Gilpin, 2020. "Policy‐Induced School Calendar Changes and Teacher Moonlighting," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 86(3), pages 989-1018, January.
    15. Gregory Gilpin, 2018. "Policy-induced School Calendar Changes and Teacher Moonlighting," CAEPR Working Papers 2018-009, Center for Applied Economics and Policy Research, Department of Economics, Indiana University Bloomington.
    16. Etienne Lalé, 2019. "Search and Multiple Jobholding," Upjohn Working Papers 19-305, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
    17. Lalé, Etienne, 2016. "The Evolution of Multiple Jobholding in the U.S. Labor Market: The Complete Picture of Gross Worker Flows," IZA Discussion Papers 10355, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    18. Catalina Amuedo‐Dorantes & Jean Kimmel, 2009. "Moonlighting Over The Business Cycle," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 47(4), pages 754-765, October.
    19. repec:ilo:ilowps:360558 is not listed on IDEAS

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