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Parallel Import and the Pricing of Pharmaceutical Products: Evidence from the European Union

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Richard Friberg & Frode Steen & Simen A. Ulsaker, 2025. "Cross‐Border Shopping of Alcohol—What is the Effect on Tax Revenue and Sales and Which Products Are Most Affected?," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(5), pages 1021-1034, November.
  2. Sharat Ganapati & Rebecca McKibbin, 2019. "Non-Tariff Barriers and Bargaining in Generic Pharmaceuticals," Working Papers gueconwpa~18-18-23, Georgetown University, Department of Economics.
  3. Mats A. Bergman & David Granlund & Niklas Rudholm, 2016. "Reforming the Swedish pharmaceuticals market: consequences for costs per defined daily dose," International Journal of Health Economics and Management, Springer, vol. 16(3), pages 201-214, September.
  4. Pierre Dubois & Morten Sæthre, 2020. "On the Effect of Parallel Trade on Manufacturers' and Retailers' Profits in the Pharmaceutical Sector," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 88(6), pages 2503-2545, November.
  5. Hwang, Hong & Peng, Cheng-Hau & Shih, Pei-Cyuan, 2014. "Parallel imports, product innovation and market structures," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 237-245.
  6. Susan J. Méndez, 2018. "Parallel trade of pharmaceuticals: The Danish market for statins," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(2), pages 333-356, February.
  7. David Granlund & Miyase Koksal-Ayhan, 2015. "Parallel imports and a mandatory substitution reform: a kick or a muff for price competition in pharmaceuticals?," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 16(9), pages 969-983, December.
  8. Bond, Eric W. & Samuelson, Larry, 2019. "Bargaining with private information and the option of a compulsory license," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 83-100.
  9. Ishikawa, Jota & Morita, Hodaka & Mukunoki, Hiroshi, 2020. "Parallel imports and repair services," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 137-160.
  10. Brekke, Kurt R. & Holmås, Tor Helge & Straume, Odd Rune, 2015. "Price regulation and parallel imports of pharmaceuticals," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 92-105.
  11. Frank Mueller‐Langer, 2012. "Parallel Trade and its Ambiguous Effects on Global Welfare," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(1), pages 177-185, February.
  12. Hornbeck, Richard A., 2005. "Price Discrimination and Smuggling of AIDS Drugs," Scholarly Articles 11186012, Harvard University Department of Economics.
  13. Frank Müller-Langer, 2009. "Does Parallel Trade Freedom Harm Consumers in Small Markets?," Croatian Economic Survey, The Institute of Economics, Zagreb, vol. 11(1), pages 11-41, April.
  14. Granlund, David & Rudholm, Niklas, 2008. "Consumer Loyalty in the Swedish Pharmaceuticals Market," HUI Working Papers 17, HUI Research.
  15. Foad Iravani & Hamed Mamani & Emisa Nategh, 2020. "External Reference Pricing and Parallel Imports of Pharmaceuticals: A Policy Comparison," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 29(12), pages 2716-2735, December.
  16. Frank Mueller-Langer, 2014. "Copyright and parallel trade," Chapters, in: Richard Watt (ed.), Handbook on the Economics of Copyright, chapter 16, pages 287-310, Edward Elgar Publishing.
  17. Hostenkamp, Gisela & Kronborg, Christian & Arendt, Jacob Nielsen, 2012. "Parallel imports of hospital pharmaceuticals: An empirical analysis of price effects from parallel imports and the design of procurement procedures in the Danish hospital sector," Discussion Papers on Economics 16/2012, University of Southern Denmark, Department of Economics.
  18. Aysegul Timur & Gabriel Picone & Jeffrey DeSimone, 2011. "Has the European union achieved a single pharmaceutical market?," International Journal of Health Economics and Management, Springer, vol. 11(4), pages 223-244, December.
  19. Tomaso Duso & Annika Herr & Moritz Suppliet, 2014. "The Welfare Impact Of Parallel Imports: A Structural Approach Applied To The German Market For Oral Anti‐Diabetics," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(9), pages 1036-1057, September.
  20. Abhishek Srivastava & Arqum Mateen & Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy & Suman Niranjan & Ashutosh Sarkar, 2024. "Impact of gray markets on strategic channel choice and social welfare," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 340(2), pages 1035-1062, September.
  21. Herr, A. & Suppliet, M., 2011. "Co-Payment Exemptions and Reference Prices: an Empirical Study of Pharmaceutical Prices in Germany," Health, Econometrics and Data Group (HEDG) Working Papers 11/18, HEDG, c/o Department of Economics, University of York.
  22. Birg, Laura, 2019. "Price Caps versus Reimbursement Limits: Pharmaceutical Regulation under Market Integration through Parallel Trade," University of Göttingen Working Papers in Economics 253, University of Goettingen, Department of Economics, revised 2019.
  23. Joseph Golec & John Vernon, 2010. "Financial Effects of Pharmaceutical Price Regulation on R&D Spending by EU versus US Firms," PharmacoEconomics, Springer, vol. 28(8), pages 615-628, August.
  24. Salant, Stephen, 2021. "Arbitrage Deterrence: A Theory of International Drug Pricing," RFF Working Paper Series 21-07, Resources for the Future.
  25. Joan Costa-i-Font, 2015. "Is Medicines Parallel Trade ‘Regulatory Arbitrage’?," CESifo Working Paper Series 5190, CESifo.
  26. Birg, Laura, 2019. "Reference pricing and parallel imports: Evidence from Germany," University of Göttingen Working Papers in Economics 362, University of Goettingen, Department of Economics.
  27. Eric W. Bond & Kamal Saggi, 2023. "Bargaining over Entry with a Compulsory License Deadline: Price Spillovers and Surplus Expansion," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Kamal Saggi (ed.), Technology Transfer, Foreign Direct Investment, and the Protection of Intellectual Property in the Global Economy, chapter 20, pages 449-480, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
  28. Fiona M. Scott Morton & Ariel Dora Stern & Scott Stern, 2018. "The Impact of the Entry of Biosimilars: Evidence from Europe," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 53(1), pages 173-210, August.
  29. Bennato, Anna Rita & Valletti, Tommaso, 2014. "Pharmaceutical innovation and parallel trade," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 83-92.
  30. Joseph H. Golec & John A. Vernon, 2006. "European Pharmaceutical Price Regulation, Firm Profitability, and R&D Spending," NBER Working Papers 12676, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  31. Panos Kanavos & Sotiris Vandoros, 2010. "Competition in prescription drug markets: is parallel trade the answer?," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(5), pages 325-338.
  32. Reto Foellmi & Christian Hepenstrick & Zweimüller Josef, 2018. "International Arbitrage and the Extensive Margin of Trade between Rich and Poor Countries," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 85(1), pages 475-510.
  33. Giorgio Gnecco & Berna Tuncay & Fabio Pammolli, 2018. "A Comparison of Game-Theoretic Models for Parallel Trade," International Game Theory Review (IGTR), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 20(03), pages 1-57, September.
  34. Mueller-Langer, Frank, 2010. "An analysis of the ambiguous welfare effects of parallel trade freedom," MPRA Paper 35704, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  35. Breinlich, Holger & Nocke, Volker & Schutz, Nicolas, 2017. "International aspects of merger policy: A survey," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 415-429.
  36. Joan Costa-Font, 2016. "Is medicines parallel trade ‘regulatory arbitrage’?," International Journal of Health Economics and Management, Springer, vol. 16(4), pages 321-336, December.
  37. Santanu Roy & Kamal Saggi, 2023. "Equilibrium parallel import policies and international market structure," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Kamal Saggi (ed.), Technology Transfer, Foreign Direct Investment, and the Protection of Intellectual Property in the Global Economy, chapter 15, pages 349-363, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
  38. Suppliet, Moritz, 2020. "Umbrella branding in pharmaceutical markets," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
  39. Reto Foellmi & Christian Hepenstrick & Josef Zweim ller, 2010. "Non-homothetic preferences, parallel imports and the extensive margin of international trade," Diskussionsschriften dp1009, Universitaet Bern, Departement Volkswirtschaft.
  40. Zaprutko, Tomasz & Kopciuch, Dorota & Bronisz, Maria & Michalak, Michał & Kus, Krzysztof & Nowakowska, Elżbieta, 2020. "Drug shortages as a result of parallel export in Poland – Pharmacists’ opinions," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 124(5), pages 563-567.
  41. Pierre Dubois, 2025. "Pharmaceutical Regulation and Incentives for Innovation in an International Perspective," Working Papers hal-05310888, HAL.
  42. Adrian Towse & Michele Pistollato & Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz & Zeba Khan & Satyin Kaura & Louis Garrison, 2015. "European Union Pharmaceutical Markets: A Case for Differential Pricing?," International Journal of the Economics of Business, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(2), pages 263-275, July.
  43. Charitini Stavropoulou & Tommaso Valletti, 2015. "Compulsory licensing and access to drugs," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 16(1), pages 83-94, January.
  44. Granlund, David & Yesim Köksal, Miyase, 2011. "Parallel Imports and Mandatory Substitution Reform: A kick or a muff for price competition in pharmaceuticals," Working Papers in Economics 496, University of Gothenburg, Department of Economics.
  45. Costa-i-Font, Joan & Kanavos, Panos, 2007. "Medicines in parallel trade in the European Union: a gravity specification," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 28787, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  46. Ingrid Königbauer, 2004. "Die Auswirkung von Parallelimporten auf die optimale Regulierung von Arzneimittelpreisen," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 73(4), pages 592-604.
  47. Patricia M. Danzon & Eric L. Keuffel, 2014. "Regulation of the Pharmaceutical-Biotechnology Industry," NBER Chapters, in: Economic Regulation and Its Reform: What Have We Learned?, pages 407-484, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  48. Xueying Liu & Amit Pazgal, 2021. "The Impact of Gray Markets on Product Quality and Profitability," Customer Needs and Solutions, Springer;Institute for Sustainable Innovation and Growth (iSIG), vol. 7(3), pages 62-73, October.
  49. Xueying Liu & Amit Pazgal, 2020. "The Impact of Gray Markets on Product Quality and Profitability," Customer Needs and Solutions, Springer;Institute for Sustainable Innovation and Growth (iSIG), vol. 7(3), pages 62-73, October.
  50. Suppliet, Moritz & Herr, Annika, 2016. "Cost-Sharing and Drug Pricing Strategies : Introducing Tiered Co-Payments in Reference Price Markets," Other publications TiSEM 4d692f0e-8577-4392-b413-2, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
  51. Evelyn O. Smith & Jeffrey D. Shulman, 2022. "Product diversion by vertically differentiated firms," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 31(5), pages 1928-1939, May.
  52. Giorgio Gnecco & Fabio Pammolli & Berna Tuncay, 2022. "Welfare and research and development incentive effects of uniform and differential pricing schemes," Computational Management Science, Springer, vol. 19(2), pages 229-268, June.
  53. Luca Macedoni, 2021. "Has the Euro Shrunk the Band? Relative Purchasing Power Parity Convergence in a Currency Union," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 123(2), pages 593-620, April.
  54. Iain M. Cockburn & Jean O. Lanjouw & Mark Schankerman, 2016. "Patents and the Global Diffusion of New Drugs," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 106(1), pages 136-164, January.
  55. Kong-Pin Chen & Hung-pin Lai & Ya-Ting Yu, 2014. "Do consumers discount parallel imports?," Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(1), pages 58-77, March.
  56. Wang, Yingjia & Lin, Jiaxin & Choi, Tsan-Ming, 2020. "Gray market and counterfeiting in supply chains: A review of the operations literature and implications to luxury industries," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
  57. Granlund, David & Yesim Köksal, Miyase, 2012. "EU Enlargement, Parallel Trade and Price Competition in Pharmaceuticals - What’s to Blame? Derogation or Perception?," HUI Working Papers 59, HUI Research.
  58. Huang, Hongfu & He, Yong & Chen, Jing, 2019. "Competitive strategies and quality to counter parallel importation in global market," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 173-197.
  59. David Granlund, 2022. "The Price Effects of Competition from Parallel Imports and Therapeutic Alternatives: Using Dynamic Models to Estimate the Causal Effect on the Extensive and Intensive Margins," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 60(1), pages 63-92, February.
  60. Granlund, David & Köksal, Miyase Yesim, 2011. "Parallel Imports and Mandatory Substitution Reform - A Kick or A Muff for Price Competition in Pharmaceuticals?," HUI Working Papers 49, HUI Research.
  61. Granlund, David & Yesim Köksal, Miyase, 2011. "EU Enlargement, Parallel Trade and Price Competition in Pharmaceuticals - What’s to Blame? Derogation or Perception?," Umeå Economic Studies 831, Umeå University, Department of Economics.
  62. Eric W. Bond & Kamal Saggi, 2023. "Patent protection in developing countries and global welfare: WTO obligations versus flexibilities," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Kamal Saggi (ed.), Technology Transfer, Foreign Direct Investment, and the Protection of Intellectual Property in the Global Economy, chapter 22, pages 505-520, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
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  64. Granlund, David & Yesim Köksal, Miyase, 2011. "EU Enlargement, Parallel Trade and Price Competition in Pharmaceuticals. What's blame? Derogation or perception?," Working Papers in Economics 499, University of Gothenburg, Department of Economics.
  65. Granlund, David, 2012. "The effect of pharmacies’ right to negotiate discounts on the market share of parallel imported pharmaceuticals," HUI Working Papers 75, HUI Research.
  66. Eric W. Bond & Kamal Saggi, 2023. "Compulsory Licensing And Patent Protection: A North-South Perspective," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Kamal Saggi (ed.), Technology Transfer, Foreign Direct Investment, and the Protection of Intellectual Property in the Global Economy, chapter 21, pages 481-503, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
  67. Granlund David, 2015. "The Effect of Pharmacies’ Right to Negotiate Discounts on the Market Share of Parallel Imported Pharmaceuticals," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 15(3), pages 1197-1235, July.
  68. Fabio Pammolli & Armando Rungi, 2016. "Access to Medicines and European Market Integration," Working Papers 01/2016, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, revised Jan 2016.
  69. Heuer, Alexander & Mejer, Malwina & Neuhaus, Jennifer, 2007. "The national regulation of pharmaceutical markets and the timing of new drug launches in Europe," Kiel Advanced Studies Working Papers 437, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
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  71. David Granlund & Niklas Rudholm, 2012. "The Prescribing Physician’s Influence on Consumer Choice Between Medically Equivalent Pharmaceuticals," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 41(3), pages 207-222, November.
  72. Burapadaja, Siriporn & Kawasaki, Naohito & Charumanee, Suporn & Ogata, Fumihiko, 2007. "Effects of essential medicines on cardiovascular products available for the market in Thailand," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(1), pages 67-74, November.
  73. Chen Feng Ng, 2013. "Arbitrage Across Borders: Why Itunes Gift Cards Sell Above Face Value On Ebay," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 51(2), pages 1299-1310, April.
  74. Zhao, Kexin & Zhao, Xia & Deng, Jing, 2016. "An Empirical Investigation of Online Gray Markets," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 92(4), pages 397-410.
  75. Katherine Sauer, 2008. "A model of parallel imports of pharmaceuticals with endogenous price controls," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 6(36), pages 1-8.
  76. Birg, Laura, 2013. "Pharmaceutical cost-sharing systems and savings for health care systems from parallel trade," University of Göttingen Working Papers in Economics 179, University of Goettingen, Department of Economics.
  77. Katherine M. Sauer, 2008. "The quality of parallel imports," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 6(44), pages 1-10.
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