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Electric bus fleet size and mix problem with optimization of charging infrastructure

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Cited by:

  1. Malladi, Satya S. & Christensen, Jonas M. & Ramírez, David & Larsen, Allan & Pacino, Dario, 2022. "Stochastic fleet mix optimization: Evaluating electromobility in urban logistics," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
  2. Gkiotsalitis, K. & Iliopoulou, C. & Kepaptsoglou, K., 2023. "An exact approach for the multi-depot electric bus scheduling problem with time windows," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 306(1), pages 189-206.
  3. López-Ibarra, Jon Ander & Gaztañaga, Haizea & Saez-de-Ibarra, Andoni & Camblong, Haritza, 2020. "Plug-in hybrid electric buses total cost of ownership optimization at fleet level based on battery aging," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
  4. Liu, Zhaocai & Wang, Qichao & Sigler, Devon & Kotz, Andrew & Kelly, Kenneth J. & Lunacek, Monte & Phillips, Caleb & Garikapati, Venu, 2023. "Data-driven simulation-based planning for electric airport shuttle systems: A real-world case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 332(C).
  5. Alvo, Matías & Angulo, Gustavo & Klapp, Mathias A., 2021. "An exact solution approach for an electric bus dispatch problem," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
  6. Tal, Gil & Benoliel, Peter K & Garcia Sanchez, Juan Carlos & Hernandez Rios, Kevin, 2023. "Exploring Tools for Maximizing the Potential for Electrified Transit Buses in Mexico," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt5nv441q2, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
  7. Jia, Zuoning & An, Kun, 2025. "Multi-depot battery electric bus scheduling and charging coordination under resource limitations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 398(C).
  8. Praveen Prakash Singh & Fushuan Wen & Ivo Palu & Sulabh Sachan & Sanchari Deb, 2022. "Electric Vehicles Charging Infrastructure Demand and Deployment: Challenges and Solutions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-21, December.
  9. Boud Verbrugge & Abdul Mannan Rauf & Haaris Rasool & Mohamed Abdel-Monem & Thomas Geury & Mohamed El Baghdadi & Omar Hegazy, 2022. "Real-Time Charging Scheduling and Optimization of Electric Buses in a Depot," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-18, July.
  10. Chiu, Chun-Chih & Huang, Hao & Chen, Ching-Fu, 2024. "A simulation-based optimization approach for the recharging scheduling problem of electric buses," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
  11. Hu, Xiuyu & Li, Hailong & Xie, Chi, 2025. "Optimal charging scheduling of an electric bus fleet with photovoltaic-storage-charging stations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 390(C).
  12. Zhou, Yu & Meng, Qiang & Ong, Ghim Ping, 2022. "Electric Bus Charging Scheduling for a Single Public Transport Route Considering Nonlinear Charging Profile and Battery Degradation Effect," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 49-75.
  13. Harris, Andrew & Soban, Danielle & Smyth, Beatrice M. & Best, Robert, 2020. "A probabilistic fleet analysis for energy consumption, life cycle cost and greenhouse gas emissions modelling of bus technologies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
  14. Moradi, Mohammad Hossein & Widmer, Fabio & Turin, Raymond C. & Onder, Christopher H., 2024. "Optimization of charging infrastructure and strategy for an electrified public transportation system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
  15. Sofia Dahlgren & Jonas Ammenberg, 2021. "Sustainability Assessment of Public Transport, Part II—Applying a Multi-Criteria Assessment Method to Compare Different Bus Technologies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-30, January.
  16. Wu, Yunna & Song, Zixin & Li, Lingwenying & Xu, Ruhang, 2018. "Risk management of public-private partnership charging infrastructure projects in China based on a three-dimension framework," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 1089-1101.
  17. Bie, Yiming & Liu, Yajun & Li, Shiwu & Wang, Linhong, 2022. "HVAC operation planning for electric bus trips based on chance-constrained programming," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
  18. Yuan Liu & Yamin Ding & Pei Jiang & Xugang Jin & Xinlin Wu & Zhanji Zheng, 2024. "Joint Optimal Design of Electric Bus Service and Charging Facilities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-16, July.
  19. Bao, Zhaoyao & Li, Jiapei & Bai, Xuehan & Xie, Chi & Chen, Zhibin & Xu, Min & Shang, Wen-Long & Li, Hailong, 2023. "An optimal charging scheduling model and algorithm for electric buses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 332(C).
  20. McCluskey, Jac & Druitt, Tom & Larkin, Charles, 2025. "Sustainability in transit: Assessing the economic case for electric bus adoption in the UK," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 493-508.
  21. Naeimian, Behnaz & Mohseni, Ghazaleh & Barzegari, Vahed & Nourinejad, Mehdi & Park, Peter Y., 2025. "Public transportation fleet electrification and charger schedule optimization using a decomposition heuristic," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
  22. Xinkuo Xu & Xiaofeng Lv & Liyan Han, 2019. "Carbon Asset of Electrification: Valuing the Transition from Fossil Fuel-Powered Buses to Battery Electric Buses in Beijing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-16, May.
  23. Sistig, Hubert Maximilian & Sauer, Dirk Uwe, 2023. "Metaheuristic for the integrated electric vehicle and crew scheduling problem," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 339(C).
  24. Olsen, Nils, 2020. "A literature overview on scheduling electric vehicles in public transport and location planning of the charging infrastructure," Discussion Papers 2020/16, Free University Berlin, School of Business & Economics.
  25. Basma, Hussein & Mansour, Charbel & Haddad, Marc & Nemer, Maroun & Stabat, Pascal, 2023. "A novel method for co-optimizing battery sizing and charging strategy of battery electric bus fleets: An application to the city of Paris," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
  26. Perumal, Shyam S.G. & Lusby, Richard M. & Larsen, Jesper, 2022. "Electric bus planning & scheduling: A review of related problems and methodologies," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 301(2), pages 395-413.
  27. Foda, Ahmed & Mohamed, Moataz, 2024. "The impacts of optimization approaches on BEB system configuration in transit," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 12-23.
  28. Dong, Changyin & Xiong, Zhuozhi & Li, Ni & Yu, Xinlian & Liang, Mingzhang & Zhang, Chu & Li, Ye & Wang, Hao, 2025. "A real-time prediction framework for energy consumption of electric buses using integrated Machine learning algorithms," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
  29. Foda, Ahmed & Abdelaty, Hatem & Mohamed, Moataz & El-Saadany, Ehab, 2023. "A generic cost-utility-emission optimization for electric bus transit infrastructure planning and charging scheduling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
  30. Mahyari, Ehsan & Freeman, Nickolas, 2025. "Electric vehicle fleet charging management: An approximate dynamic programming policy," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 327(1), pages 263-279.
  31. Miriam Stumpe & David Rößler-von Saß & Natalia Kliewer & Guido Schryen, 2024. "Gradual Transition to Zero-Emission Bus Systems: Impact of Vehicle Scheduling on Charging Infrastructure and Fleet Replacement," Working Papers Dissertations 127, Paderborn University, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics.
  32. Joon Moon & Young Joo Kim & Taesu Cheong & Sang Hwa Song, 2020. "Locating Battery Swapping Stations for a Smart e-Bus System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-21, February.
  33. Dong, Changyin & Xiong, Zhuozhi & Zhang, Chu & Li, Ni & Li, Ye & Xie, Ning & Zhang, Jiarui & Wang, Hao, 2025. "A transformer-based approach for deep feature extraction and energy consumption prediction of electric buses based on driving distances," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 380(C).
  34. Xiaoqing Su & Lanqing Jiang & Yucheng Huang, 2023. "Design of Electric Bus Transit Routes with Charging Stations under Demand Uncertainty," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-16, February.
  35. Wust, J. & Bekker, J. & Booysen, M.J., 2025. "Investigating scheduling of minibus taxis in South Africa's eventual electric paratransit," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
  36. Hatem Abdelaty & Ahmed Foda & Moataz Mohamed, 2023. "The Robustness of Battery Electric Bus Transit Networks under Charging Infrastructure Disruptions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-25, February.
  37. Bie, Yiming & Zhou, Haolin & Yang, Menglin, 2025. "Resource configuration and daily operational scheduling for urban electric bus route under the hybrid power supply strategy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
  38. Carlos Oliveira Cruz & Joaquim Miranda Sarmento, 2020. "“Mobility as a Service” Platforms: A Critical Path towards Increasing the Sustainability of Transportation Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-15, August.
  39. Wang, Yiran & Chen, Jingxu & Tang, Tianli & Liu, Zhiyuan, 2024. "A holistic approach to multi-depot electric bus scheduling for energy saving considering limitations in charging facilities," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 303(C).
  40. Wu, Weitiao & Lin, Yue & Liu, Ronghui & Jin, Wenzhou, 2022. "The multi-depot electric vehicle scheduling problem with power grid characteristics," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 322-347.
  41. Boud Verbrugge & Mohammed Mahedi Hasan & Haaris Rasool & Thomas Geury & Mohamed El Baghdadi & Omar Hegazy, 2021. "Smart Integration of Electric Buses in Cities: A Technological Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-23, November.
  42. Adil Baykasoğlu & Nurhan Dudaklı & Kemal Subulan & A. Serdar Taşan, 2022. "An integrated fleet planning model with empty vehicle repositioning for an intermodal transportation system," Operational Research, Springer, vol. 22(3), pages 2063-2098, July.
  43. Panta, Utsav & Gairola, Pranav & Nezamuddin, N., 2024. "Modelling benefit-to-cost ratio for initial phase electrification using battery electric bus," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 137-149.
  44. Ali Saadon Al-Ogaili & Ali Q. Al-Shetwi & Hussein M. K. Al-Masri & Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu & Yap Hoon & Khaled Alzaareer & N. V. Phanendra Babu, 2021. "Review of the Estimation Methods of Energy Consumption for Battery Electric Buses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-28, November.
  45. Shen, Zuo-Jun Max & Feng, Bo & Mao, Chao & Ran, Lun, 2019. "Optimization models for electric vehicle service operations: A literature review," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 462-477.
  46. Dolgui, Alexandre & Kovalev, Sergey & Kovalyov, Mikhail Y., 2025. "Scheduling electric vehicle regular charging tasks: A review of deterministic models," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 325(2), pages 221-232.
  47. Papa, Gregor & Santo Zarnik, Marina & Vukašinović, Vida, 2022. "Electric-bus routes in hilly urban areas: Overview and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
  48. Bogusław Bieda & Roger Książek & Katarzyna Gdowska & Antoni Korcyl, 2023. "Strategic Decision-Making for Multi-Period Fleet Transition Towards Zero-Emission: Preliminary Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-14, December.
  49. Stokić, Marko & Dimitrijević, Branka, 2025. "Model for electrification of urban public transport lines with supercapacitor buses: A case study of Belgrade," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PD).
  50. Johann Hartleb & Markus Friedrich & Emely Richter, 2022. "Vehicle scheduling for on-demand vehicle fleets in macroscopic travel demand models," Transportation, Springer, vol. 49(4), pages 1133-1155, August.
  51. Chen, Taolue & Sun, Chao & Liang, Xiao & Li, Mingyang & Tang, Jinjun, 2025. "Electric bus charging scheduling on hybrid wireless charging network: A multi-factor integrated optimization strategy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 329(C).
  52. Guschinsky, Nikolai & Kovalyov, Mikhail Y. & Pesch, Erwin & Rozin, Boris, 2023. "Cost minimizing decisions on equipment and charging schedule for electric buses in a single depot," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
  53. Basma, Hussein & Haddad, Marc & Mansour, Charbel & Nemer, Maroun & Stabat, Pascal, 2022. "Evaluation of the techno-economic performance of battery electric buses: Case study of a bus line in paris," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
  54. Wagner, Dennis & Walther, Grit, 2024. "Techno-economic analysis of mixed battery and fuel cell electric bus fleets: A case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 376(PA).
  55. Manzolli, Jônatas Augusto & Trovão, João Pedro & Antunes, Carlos Henggeler, 2022. "A review of electric bus vehicles research topics – Methods and trends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
  56. Avenali, Alessandro & De Santis, Daniele & Giagnorio, Mirko & Matteucci, Giorgio, 2024. "Bus fleet decarbonization under macroeconomic and technological uncertainties: A real options approach to support decision-making," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
  57. Matina L. Y. Chau & Diamanto Koutsompina & Konstantinos Gkiotsalitis, 2024. "The Electric Vehicle Scheduling Problem for Buses in Networks with Multi-Port Charging Stations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-21, February.
  58. Wei Qin & Linhong Wang & Yuhan Liu & Cheng Xu, 2021. "Energy Consumption Estimation of the Electric Bus Based on Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm and Support Vector Machine Regression," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-20, April.
  59. Xiaoxiao Shen & Jun Lv & Shichang Du & Yafei Deng & Molin Liu & Yulu Zhou, 2024. "Integrated optimization of electric vehicles charging location and allocation for valet charging service," Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal, Springer, vol. 36(3), pages 1080-1106, September.
  60. Saadon Al-Ogaili, Ali & Ramasamy, Agileswari & Juhana Tengku Hashim, Tengku & Al-Masri, Ahmed N. & Hoon, Yap & Neamah Jebur, Mustafa & Verayiah, Renuga & Marsadek, Marayati, 2020. "Estimation of the energy consumption of battery driven electric buses by integrating digital elevation and longitudinal dynamic models: Malaysia as a case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
  61. Marcin Wołek & Aleksander Jagiełło & Michał Wolański, 2021. "Multi-Criteria Analysis in the Decision-Making Process on the Electrification of Public Transport in Cities in Poland: A Case Study Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-13, October.
  62. Nathalie Marion Frieß & Ulrich Pferschy, 2024. "Planning a zero-emission mixed-fleet public bus system with minimal life cycle cost," Public Transport, Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 39-79, March.
  63. Shao, Shuai & Tan, Zhijia & Liu, Zhiyuan & Shang, Wenlong, 2022. "Balancing the GHG emissions and operational costs for a mixed fleet of electric buses and diesel buses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).
  64. Wu, Xiaomei & Feng, Qijin & Bai, Chenchen & Lai, Chun Sing & Jia, Youwei & Lai, Loi Lei, 2021. "A novel fast-charging stations locational planning model for electric bus transit system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
  65. Mingye Zhang & Moataz Mohamed & Ahmed Foda & Yihua Guo, 2025. "Optimal Electric Bus Charging Scheduling with Multiple Vehicle and Charger Types Considering Compatibility," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-22, April.
  66. Say, Kelvin & Brown, Felix Gabriel & Csereklyei, Zsuzsanna, 2024. "The economics of public transport electrification: When does infrastructure investment matter?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 360(C).
  67. Mustafa Hamurcu & Tamer Eren, 2020. "Electric Bus Selection with Multicriteria Decision Analysis for Green Transportation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-19, April.
  68. Du, Jiuyu & Li, Feiqiang & Li, Jianqiu & Wu, Xiaogang & Song, Ziyou & Zou, Yunfei & Ouyang, Minggao, 2019. "Evaluating the technological evolution of battery electric buses: China as a case," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 309-319.
  69. Kayhan Alamatsaz & Sadam Hussain & Chunyan Lai & Ursula Eicker, 2022. "Electric Bus Scheduling and Timetabling, Fast Charging Infrastructure Planning, and Their Impact on the Grid: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-39, October.
  70. Havre, Håkon Furnes & Lien, Ulrik & Ness, Mattias Myklebust & Fagerholt, Kjetil & Rødseth, Kenneth Løvold, 2024. "Network design with route planning for battery electric high-speed passenger vessel services," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 315(1), pages 102-119.
  71. Bálint Csonka, 2021. "Optimization of Static and Dynamic Charging Infrastructure for Electric Buses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-18, June.
  72. Anna Brdulak & Grażyna Chaberek & Jacek Jagodziński, 2020. "Development Forecasts for the Zero-Emission Bus Fleet in Servicing Public Transport in Chosen EU Member Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-20, August.
  73. Xinkuo Xu & Liyan Han, 2020. "Operational Lifecycle Carbon Value of Bus Electrification in Macau," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-18, May.
  74. Yiming Bie & Mingjie Hao & Mengzhu Guo, 2021. "Optimal Electric Bus Scheduling Based on the Combination of All-Stop and Short-Turning Strategies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-21, February.
  75. Gkiotsalitis, Konstantinos & Rizopoulos, Dimitrios & Merakou, Marilena & Iliopoulou, Christina & Liu, Tao & Cats, Oded, 2025. "Electric bus charging station location selection problem with slow and fast charging," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 382(C).
  76. Peng, Yiyang & Li, Guoyuan & Xu, Min & Chen, Anthony, 2024. "Mixed-fleet operation of battery electric bus and hydrogen bus: Considering limited depot size with flexible refueling processes," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
  77. Luke, Justin & Ribeiro, Mateus Gheorghe de Castro & Martin, Sonia & Balogun, Emmanuel & Cezar, Gustavo Vianna & Pavone, Marco & Rajagopal, Ram, 2025. "Optimal coordination of electric buses and battery storage for achieving a 24/7 carbon-free electrified fleet," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PC).
  78. Brinkel, Nico & Zijlstra, Marle & van Bezu, Ronald & van Twuijver, Tim & Lampropoulos, Ioannis & van Sark, Wilfried, 2023. "A comparative analysis of charging strategies for battery electric buses in wholesale electricity and ancillary services markets," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
  79. Purnell, K. & Bruce, A.G. & MacGill, I., 2022. "Impacts of electrifying public transit on the electricity grid, from regional to state level analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
  80. Adnane Houbbadi & Rochdi Trigui & Serge Pelissier & Eduardo Redondo-Iglesias & Tanguy Bouton, 2019. "Optimal Scheduling to Manage an Electric Bus Fleet Overnight Charging," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-17, July.
  81. Valentini, M.P. & Conti, V. & Orchi, S., 2022. "BEST: A software to verify the feasibility of urban bus line electrification," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
  82. Gallet, Marc & Massier, Tobias & Hamacher, Thomas, 2018. "Estimation of the energy demand of electric buses based on real-world data for large-scale public transport networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 344-356.
  83. Wang, Jing & Kang, Lixia & Liu, Yongzhong, 2020. "Optimal scheduling for electric bus fleets based on dynamic programming approach by considering battery capacity fade," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
  84. Zhang, Mingye & Yang, Min & Gao, Yangfan, 2024. "Tripartite evolutionary game and simulation analysis of electric bus charging facility sharing under the governmental reward and punishment mechanism," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
  85. Say, Kelvin & Csereklyei, Zsuzsanna & Brown, Felix Gabriel & Wang, Changlong, 2023. "The economics of public transport electrification: A case study from Victoria, Australia," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
  86. Cui, Shaohua & Gao, Kun & Yu, Bin & Ma, Zhenliang & Najafi, Arsalan, 2023. "Joint optimal vehicle and recharging scheduling for mixed bus fleets under limited chargers," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
  87. Wang, Zhixin & Zheng, Feifeng & Hamdan, Sadeque & Jouini, Oualid, 2025. "On the dual-resource overnight charging problem of battery electric buses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 391(C).
  88. Perumal, S.S.G. & Dollevoet, T.A.B. & Huisman, D. & Lusby, R.M. & Larsen, J. & Riis, M., 2020. "Solution Approaches for Vehicle and Crew Scheduling with Electric Buses," Econometric Institute Research Papers EI-2020-02, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus School of Economics (ESE), Econometric Institute.
  89. Krzysztof Zagrajek & Józef Paska & Mariusz Kłos & Karol Pawlak & Piotr Marchel & Magdalena Bartecka & Łukasz Michalski & Paweł Terlikowski, 2020. "Impact of Electric Bus Charging on Distribution Substation and Local Grid in Warsaw," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-13, March.
  90. Andrzej Łebkowski, 2019. "Studies of Energy Consumption by a City Bus Powered by a Hybrid Energy Storage System in Variable Road Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-39, March.
  91. Zhou, Yu & Wang, Hua & Wang, Yun & Yu, Bin & Tang, Tianpei, 2024. "Charging facility planning and scheduling problems for battery electric bus systems: A comprehensive review," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
  92. Hubert Maximilian Sistig & Philipp Sinhuber & Matthias Rogge & Dirk Uwe Sauer, 2024. "Optimizing Fleet Structure for Autonomous Electric Buses: A Route-Based Analysis in Aachen, Germany," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-25, May.
  93. Patcharida Kunawong & Warisa Nakkiew & Parida Jewpanya & Wasawat Nakkiew, 2025. "Optimizing Electric Bus Charging Infrastructure: A Bi-Level Mathematical Model for Strategic Station Location and Off-Board Charger Allocation in Transportation Network," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-28, February.
  94. Varga, Balázs & Tettamanti, Tamás & Kulcsár, Balázs, 2019. "Energy-aware predictive control for electrified bus networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 1-1.
  95. Yuping Lin & Kai Zhang & Zuo-Jun Max Shen & Lixin Miao, 2019. "Charging Network Planning for Electric Bus Cities: A Case Study of Shenzhen, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-27, August.
  96. Cong, Yuan & Wang, Heqi & Bie, Yiming & Wu, Jiabin, 2023. "Double-battery configuration method for electric bus operation in cold regions," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
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