IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v382y2025ics0306261924026266.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Electric bus charging station location selection problem with slow and fast charging

Author

Listed:
  • Gkiotsalitis, Konstantinos
  • Rizopoulos, Dimitrios
  • Merakou, Marilena
  • Iliopoulou, Christina
  • Liu, Tao
  • Cats, Oded

Abstract

To facilitate the shift from conventional to electric buses, the required charging infrastructure must be deployed. This study models the charging station location selection problem for fixed-line public transport services consisting of electric buses. The model considers the deadheading time of electric buses between the final stop of their trip and the locations of the potential charging stations with the objective of minimizing vehicle running costs. The problem is solved at a strategic level; therefore, several parameters of day-to-day operations, such as deadheading distances, are included as aggregate data considering their average values. In addition, it considers different charger types (slow and fast), which are subject to a day-ahead scheduling of the charging sessions of the buses. The developed model is a mixed-integer nonlinear program, which is reformulated as a mixed-integer linear program and can be solved efficiently for large networks with more than 1940 bus trips and 336 charging installation options. The model is applied in the Athens metropolitan area, demonstrating its potential as a decision support tool for selecting charging station locations and charger types in large public transport networks.

Suggested Citation

  • Gkiotsalitis, Konstantinos & Rizopoulos, Dimitrios & Merakou, Marilena & Iliopoulou, Christina & Liu, Tao & Cats, Oded, 2025. "Electric bus charging station location selection problem with slow and fast charging," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 382(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:382:y:2025:i:c:s0306261924026266
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.125242
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261924026266
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.125242?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gkiotsalitis, K. & Iliopoulou, C. & Kepaptsoglou, K., 2023. "An exact approach for the multi-depot electric bus scheduling problem with time windows," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 306(1), pages 189-206.
    2. Constantine Toregas & Ralph Swain & Charles ReVelle & Lawrence Bergman, 1971. "The Location of Emergency Service Facilities," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 19(6), pages 1363-1373, October.
    3. Matina L. Y. Chau & Diamanto Koutsompina & Konstantinos Gkiotsalitis, 2024. "The Electric Vehicle Scheduling Problem for Buses in Networks with Multi-Port Charging Stations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-21, February.
    4. Rogge, Matthias & van der Hurk, Evelien & Larsen, Allan & Sauer, Dirk Uwe, 2018. "Electric bus fleet size and mix problem with optimization of charging infrastructure," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 282-295.
    5. Wu, Xiaomei & Feng, Qijin & Bai, Chenchen & Lai, Chun Sing & Jia, Youwei & Lai, Loi Lei, 2021. "A novel fast-charging stations locational planning model for electric bus transit system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    6. Young Jae Jang & Seungmin Jeong & Min Seok Lee, 2016. "Initial Energy Logistics Cost Analysis for Stationary, Quasi-Dynamic, and Dynamic Wireless Charging Public Transportation Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-23, June.
    7. Foda, Ahmed & Mohamed, Moataz, 2024. "The impacts of optimization approaches on BEB system configuration in transit," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 12-23.
    8. Foda, Ahmed & Abdelaty, Hatem & Mohamed, Moataz & El-Saadany, Ehab, 2023. "A generic cost-utility-emission optimization for electric bus transit infrastructure planning and charging scheduling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    9. Bi, Zicheng & Keoleian, Gregory A. & Ersal, Tulga, 2018. "Wireless charger deployment for an electric bus network: A multi-objective life cycle optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 1090-1101.
    10. He, Yi & Liu, Zhaocai & Zhang, Yiming & Song, Ziqi, 2023. "Time-dependent electric bus and charging station deployment problem," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Patcharida Kunawong & Warisa Nakkiew & Parida Jewpanya & Wasawat Nakkiew, 2025. "Optimizing Electric Bus Charging Infrastructure: A Bi-Level Mathematical Model for Strategic Station Location and Off-Board Charger Allocation in Transportation Network," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-28, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Foda, Ahmed & Mohamed, Moataz, 2024. "The impacts of optimization approaches on BEB system configuration in transit," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 12-23.
    2. Foda, Ahmed & Abdelaty, Hatem & Mohamed, Moataz & El-Saadany, Ehab, 2023. "A generic cost-utility-emission optimization for electric bus transit infrastructure planning and charging scheduling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    3. Zhou, Yu & Wang, Hua & Wang, Yun & Yu, Bin & Tang, Tianpei, 2024. "Charging facility planning and scheduling problems for battery electric bus systems: A comprehensive review," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    4. Hatem Abdelaty & Ahmed Foda & Moataz Mohamed, 2023. "The Robustness of Battery Electric Bus Transit Networks under Charging Infrastructure Disruptions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-25, February.
    5. Moradi, Mohammad Hossein & Widmer, Fabio & Turin, Raymond C. & Onder, Christopher H., 2024. "Optimization of charging infrastructure and strategy for an electrified public transportation system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    6. Bálint Csonka, 2021. "Optimization of Static and Dynamic Charging Infrastructure for Electric Buses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-18, June.
    7. Stokić, Marko & Dimitrijević, Branka, 2025. "Model for electrification of urban public transport lines with supercapacitor buses: A case study of Belgrade," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PD).
    8. Wang, Yiran & Chen, Jingxu & Tang, Tianli & Liu, Zhiyuan, 2024. "A holistic approach to multi-depot electric bus scheduling for energy saving considering limitations in charging facilities," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 303(C).
    9. Yuping Lin & Kai Zhang & Zuo-Jun Max Shen & Lixin Miao, 2019. "Charging Network Planning for Electric Bus Cities: A Case Study of Shenzhen, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-27, August.
    10. Harasis, Salman & Khan, Irfan & Massoud, Ahmed, 2024. "Enabling large-scale integration of electric bus fleets in harsh environments: Possibilities, potentials, and challenges," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    11. Boud Verbrugge & Mohammed Mahedi Hasan & Haaris Rasool & Thomas Geury & Mohamed El Baghdadi & Omar Hegazy, 2021. "Smart Integration of Electric Buses in Cities: A Technological Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-23, November.
    12. Chiu, Chun-Chih & Huang, Hao & Chen, Ching-Fu, 2024. "A simulation-based optimization approach for the recharging scheduling problem of electric buses," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    13. Wu, Xiaomei & Feng, Qijin & Bai, Chenchen & Lai, Chun Sing & Jia, Youwei & Lai, Loi Lei, 2021. "A novel fast-charging stations locational planning model for electric bus transit system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    14. Avenali, Alessandro & De Santis, Daniele & Giagnorio, Mirko & Matteucci, Giorgio, 2024. "Bus fleet decarbonization under macroeconomic and technological uncertainties: A real options approach to support decision-making," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    15. Wang, Hongfei & Guan, Hongzhi & Qin, Huanmei & Zhao, Pengfei, 2024. "Assessing the sustainability of time-dependent electric demand responsive transit service through deep reinforcement learning," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
    16. Liu, Zhaocai & Wang, Qichao & Sigler, Devon & Kotz, Andrew & Kelly, Kenneth J. & Lunacek, Monte & Phillips, Caleb & Garikapati, Venu, 2023. "Data-driven simulation-based planning for electric airport shuttle systems: A real-world case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 332(C).
    17. Andrzej Łebkowski, 2019. "Studies of Energy Consumption by a City Bus Powered by a Hybrid Energy Storage System in Variable Road Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-39, March.
    18. Harris, Andrew & Soban, Danielle & Smyth, Beatrice M. & Best, Robert, 2020. "A probabilistic fleet analysis for energy consumption, life cycle cost and greenhouse gas emissions modelling of bus technologies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    19. Mingye Zhang & Moataz Mohamed & Ahmed Foda & Yihua Guo, 2025. "Optimal Electric Bus Charging Scheduling with Multiple Vehicle and Charger Types Considering Compatibility," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-22, April.
    20. Wu, Weitiao & Lin, Yue & Liu, Ronghui & Jin, Wenzhou, 2022. "The multi-depot electric vehicle scheduling problem with power grid characteristics," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 322-347.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:382:y:2025:i:c:s0306261924026266. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.